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| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v2.97 | PIGS | Sarah Leigh Tag watchlist tag was added to gene: PIGS. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v2.97 | PIGS | Sarah Leigh Phenotypes for gene: PIGS were changed from Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 18, MIM# 618143 to Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 18 618143 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v2.96 | PIGS | Sarah Leigh Classified gene: PIGS as Amber List (moderate evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v2.96 | PIGS | Sarah Leigh Added comment: Comment on list classification: Associated with relevant phenotype in OMIM and as probable Gen2Phen gene. At least 5 variants reported in at least 3 unrelated cases, seizures were evident in 2 unrelated cases. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v2.96 | PIGS | Sarah Leigh Gene: pigs has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v2.0 | PIGS |
Zornitza Stark gene: PIGS was added gene: PIGS was added to Genetic epilepsy syndromes. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIGS were set to 30269814 Phenotypes for gene: PIGS were set to Glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis defect 18, MIM# 618143 Review for gene: PIGS was set to GREEN gene: PIGS was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Severe neurological phenotype ranging from fetal akinesia (one family) to ID/EE (two families). Although pregnancies were terminated in one family, features observed in the affected fetuses suggest a severe neurological phenotype and hence we have rated this gene Green on our Epilepsy and our ID panels. I have added the gene to your CDG panel. Sources: Expert list |
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| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v1.193 | PIGU |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: PIGU was added gene: PIGU was added to Genetic epilepsy syndromes. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGU was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PIGU were set to 31353022 Phenotypes for gene: PIGU were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Cerebral atrophy; Cerebellar hypoplasia; Scoliosis Penetrance for gene: PIGU were set to Complete Review for gene: PIGU was set to GREEN Added comment: Knaus et al. (2019 - PMID: 31353022) report on 5 affected individuals (from 3 unrelated families) with biallelic pathogenic PIGU variants. Common features included tone abnormalities, global DD, ID, seizures, CNS anomalies (cerebral atrophy and/or cerebellar hypoplasia), scoliosis. Affected individuals presented also with facial similarities. DD/ID were universal features and their severity appears to be relevant to the panel. Seizures were also reported in all individuals (myoclonic in 3, for whom this was specified). ALP was normal in all. Three individuals from 2 non-consanguineous families (one from Norway, the other not specified) were homozygous for a missense variant NM_080476.4:c.1149C>A (or p.Asn383Lys) present with an AF of 7/277197 in Europeans. Two individuals born to consanguineous parents from Turkey were homozygous for another missense variant (c.209T>A or p.Ile70Lys - same RefSeq). Segregation analyses in parents and unaffected sibs were carried out. PIGU encodes a subunit of the GPI transaminidase, a heteropentameric complex (other subunits encoded by PIGK, PIGS, PIGT and GPAA1) that mediates attachment in the endoplasmic reticulum of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) to the C-termini of proteins which are subsequently anchored to the cell surface. Pathogenic variants in 18 of 29 genes implicated in biosynthesis of the GPI anchor have been identified as a cause of GPI biosynthesis disorders, with ID and seizures as principal features. Mutations in other genes encoding components of the GPI transaminidase complex (GPAA1, PIGT and PIGS) lead to neurodevelopmental disorders. Functional impairment of PIGU was supported by flow-cytometric analysis showing significant reduction of cell surface expression of GPI anchored proteins (mainly FLAER, CD16 and CD24) on granulocytes from affected individuals. In addition accumulation of free GPI anchors on the cell surface of B cells from affected individuals further suggested deficiency of the GPI transaminidase. Transient expression of mutant (Asn383Lys) protein failed to rescue expression of GPI-APs to the same extent as wt in a CHO cell line deficient for PIGU. Feature analysis demonstrated similarities among individuals with mutations in other genes of the GPI transamidase complex (GPAA1 and PIGT) as well as with GPI biosynthesis disorders. Facial analysis was also suggestive of facial similarities between individuals with GPAA1 and PIGU mutations. PIGU is not associated with any phenotype in OMIM or G2P. As a result this gene can be considered for inclusion in the ID and epilepsy panels probably as green (3 families, ID of relevant severity and seizures in all affected individuals, known group of disorders and supportive evidence) or amber. Sources: Literature |
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