Activity

Filter

Cancel
Date Panel Item Activity
28 actions
Retinal disorders v9.4 COL11A1 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: PMID: 32578940 Nixon et al., 2020
Female patient with clinical type 2 Stickler syndrome but with severe hearing loss and severe ocular features including retinal atrophy and retinal tears in childhood. She was comp het for COL11A1 variants: a de novo in frame deletion of COL11A1 (c.4109_4126del) and splice variant c.1245+2T>C which affects splicing of exon 9 (inherited from unaffected mother).
Her parents were nonconsanguineous and had no eye, hearing, joint, or palate abnormalities.
Author explanation of inheritance: "The de novo deletion alone would be expected to result in dominant type 2 Stickler syndrome, but missplicing of exon 9 leads to additional severe hearing loss."
"While exon 9 is expressed in both vitreous and immature chondrocytes, it is not expressed in mature chondrocytes" - so any variants affecting exon 9 do not cause fibrochondrogenesis, but a Stickler syndrome phenotype with severe hearing loss.

PMID: 31833174 Abreu et al., 2020
3yo male proband with pontocerebellar hypoplasia caused by a homozygous AMPD2 p.[Pro734Leu] variant, and Stickler syndrome 2, likely caused by a homozygous COL11A1 c.1168G > T, p.[Glu390Ter] change. He presented with high myopia, mild-to-moderate hearing loss, as well as AMPD2-related profound motor and language delay.

PMID: 23922384 Richards et al., 2013
3 families with recessive form of type 2 Stickler syndrome characterised by particularly profound hearing loss. Heterozygous parents either had minor signs associated with Stickler syndrome, or were asymptomatic.
F1 - proband with cleft palate, hypermetropia, and profound deafness, was comp het for COL11A1 variants: (c.1191delT, p.Asn398Metfs*19) and (c.4259G>T, p.Gly1420Val) - exon 9 and 58, respectively. Age-compatible hearing loss in the mother, and mild-to-moderate hearing loss in the father
F2 - proband with high myopia, Pierre Robin sequence, and profound hearing loss, similarly affected sibling. Comp het for COL11A1 c.1421dupC, p.Gly475Argfs*9 in exon 13 and c.991-24A>G in intron 8 - creating an alternative exon 9 acceptor splice site.
F3 - girl with hearing loss diagnosed at 5 weeks, and retinal dystrophy noted at 2 yrs, also had clinical joint laxity. Parents unaffected, no hearing loss. Comp het c.2607A>G, p.Ala869Ala (shown to affect splicing) and c.5398G>T, p.Gly1800Cys.

PMID: 23026214 Alzahrani et al., 2012
6yo patient with homozygous exon 9 c.1191delT, p.(Asn398Metfs*19) variant in COL11A1; phenotype: unilateral retinal detachment, SNHL, cleft palate, flat midface, micrognathia. Parents unaffected, only mild myopia seen in the father.

PMID: 21035103 Tompson et al., 2010
2 individuals with Fibrochondrogenesis (severe skeletal dysplasia).
Family 1 - proband of European descent, comp het for COL11A1 variants c.1786dupG, (p.Ala596GlyfsX8), and c.3124G>A, (p.Gly1042Arg); presented with skeletal dysplasia (no note of hearing assessment); mother had myopia and normal hearing, father had hearing loss and wore glasses since childhood.
Family 2 - male proband (European and African American descent) comp het for COL11A1 c.2386G>C (p.Gly796Arg) and c.3943G>T, (p.Gly1315X) variants; he has fibrochondrogenesis, mild-moderate hearing loss, high myopia and left cataract. Father had mild hearing loss, mother - mild myopia (normal hearing), otherwise asymptomatic.
Authors pose that LOF variants lead to dominant hearing loss.; to: PMID: 32578940 Nixon et al., 2020
Female patient with clinical type 2 Stickler syndrome but with severe hearing loss and severe ocular features including retinal atrophy and retinal tears in childhood. She was comp het for COL11A1 variants: a de novo in frame deletion of COL11A1 (c.4109_4126del) and splice variant c.1245+2T>C which affects splicing of exon 9 (inherited from unaffected mother).
Her parents were nonconsanguineous and had no eye, hearing, joint, or palate abnormalities.
Author explanation of inheritance: "The de novo deletion alone would be expected to result in dominant type 2 Stickler syndrome, but missplicing of exon 9 leads to additional severe hearing loss."
"While exon 9 is expressed in both vitreous and immature chondrocytes, it is not expressed in mature chondrocytes" - so any variants affecting exon 9 do not cause fibrochondrogenesis, but a Stickler syndrome phenotype with severe hearing loss.

PMID: 31833174 Abreu et al., 2020
3yo male proband with pontocerebellar hypoplasia caused by a homozygous AMPD2 p.[Pro734Leu] variant, and Stickler syndrome 2, likely caused by a homozygous COL11A1 c.1168G > T, p.[Glu390Ter] change. He presented with high myopia, mild-to-moderate hearing loss, as well as AMPD2-related profound motor and language delay.

PMID: 23922384 Richards et al., 2013
3 families with recessive form of type 2 Stickler syndrome characterised by particularly profound hearing loss. Heterozygous parents either had minor signs associated with Stickler syndrome, or were asymptomatic.
F1 - proband with cleft palate, hypermetropia, and profound deafness, was comp het for COL11A1 variants: (c.1191delT, p.Asn398Metfs*19) and (c.4259G>T, p.Gly1420Val) - exon 9 and 58, respectively. Age-compatible hearing loss in the mother, and mild-to-moderate hearing loss in the father
F2 - proband with high myopia, Pierre Robin sequence, and profound hearing loss, similarly affected sibling. Comp het for COL11A1 c.1421dupC, p.Gly475Argfs*9 in exon 13 and c.991-24A>G in intron 8 - creating an alternative exon 9 acceptor splice site.
F3 - girl with hearing loss diagnosed at 5 weeks, and retinal dystrophy noted at 2 yrs, also had clinical joint laxity. Parents unaffected, no hearing loss. Comp het c.2607A>G, p.Ala869Ala (shown to affect splicing) and c.5398G>T, p.Gly1800Cys.

PMID: 23026214 Alzahrani et al., 2012
6yo patient with homozygous exon 9 c.1191delT, p.(Asn398Metfs*19) variant in COL11A1; phenotype: unilateral retinal detachment, SNHL, cleft palate, flat midface, micrognathia. Parents unaffected, only mild myopia seen in the father.

PMID: 21035103 Tompson et al., 2010
2 individuals with Fibrochondrogenesis (severe skeletal dysplasia).
Family 1 - proband of European descent, comp het for COL11A1 variants c.1786dupG, (p.Ala596GlyfsX8), and c.3124G>A, (p.Gly1042Arg); presented with skeletal dysplasia (no note of hearing assessment); mother had myopia and normal hearing, father had hearing loss and wore glasses since childhood.
Family 2 - male proband (European and African American descent) comp het for COL11A1 c.2386G>C (p.Gly796Arg) and c.3943G>T, (p.Gly1315X) variants; he has fibrochondrogenesis, mild-moderate hearing loss, high myopia and left cataract. Father had mild hearing loss, mother - mild myopia (normal hearing), otherwise asymptomatic. Authors pose that LOF variants lead to dominant hearing loss.
Retinal disorders v9.3 LOXL3 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: PMID: 41052910 Sanchez et al., 2026
3 sisters with biallelic LOXL3 variants and Stickler Syndrome. Comp het for c.1735C>T, p.Arg579* and c.956G>A, p.Arg319Gln in LOXL3 - targeted NGS panel. Parents are healthy carriers of one LOXL3 variant each. Shared phenotype: skeletal anomalies in feet and hands, cleft palate, high myopia, bilateral conductive hearing loss (2/3).

PMID: 38957076 Klejnotowska et al., 2024
4yo boy with reduced visual acuity 6/30 in both eyes, bilateral vitreous syneresis, foveal hypoplasia and bilateral high myopia (-8.50D). A skeletal survey showed mild spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia. Normal hearing. WES revealed a homozygous LOXL3 variant c.1448_1449del, p.(Thr483Argfs*13), inherited through paternal UPiD of chromosome 2.

PMID: 36917121 Jiang et al., 2023
9 unrelated Chinese patients with LOXL3 variants and early-onset extreme high myopia - main and consistent feature across the cohort. No significant skeletal abnormalities, midface development, palate malformation was observed in these nine patients; auditory assessment normal where available. Authors hypothesise that biallelic missense variants result in Stickler syndrome, while truncating variants yield isolated high myopia - this is not very consistent, though.

PMID: 30362103 Chan et al., 2019
Report of a child and his father who had clinical features consistent with Stickler syndrome and found to have a homozygous novel mutation c.1036C>T (p.Arg346Trp) in LOXL3. Clinical features: high myopia, short stature, retinal changes, high-arched palate (son only). No hearing loss.

PMID: 25663169 Alzahrani et al., 2015
Saudi family with AR Stickler syndrome. Parents are second cousins. Index patient: 16yo boy with cleft palate, micro/retrognathia, non-progressive myopia (-10.00 D) with chorioretinal lattice degeneration, mild conductive hearing loss. 8yo sister has similar presentation, with myopia of -13.00 D and normal hearing. Both had normal development. Homozygous LOXL3 c.2027G>T, p.Cys676Phe detected in the sibs (exome seq + autozygosity filtering).

Functional evidence: PMID: 36610533 Liu et al., 2023 - a mouse model of Stickler syndrome was made by inducing a LOXL3 mutation (c.2027G>A, p.Cys676Tyr) using CRISPR/Cas9. The Loxl3 mutant mice exhibited perinatal death, spinal deformity, cleft palate, skeletal dysplasia and progressive visual degeneration.
Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 41052910 Sanchez et al., 2026
3 sisters with biallelic LOXL3 variants and Stickler Syndrome. Comp het for c.1735C>T, p.Arg579* and c.956G>A, p.Arg319Gln in LOXL3 - targeted NGS panel. Parents are healthy carriers of one LOXL3 variant each. Shared phenotype: skeletal anomalies in feet and hands, cleft palate, high myopia, bilateral conductive hearing loss (2/3).

PMID: 38957076 Klejnotowska et al., 2024
4yo boy with reduced visual acuity 6/30 in both eyes, bilateral vitreous syneresis, foveal hypoplasia and bilateral high myopia (-8.50D). A skeletal survey showed mild spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia. Normal hearing. WES revealed a homozygous LOXL3 variant c.1448_1449del, p.(Thr483Argfs*13), inherited through paternal UPiD of chromosome 2.

PMID: 36917121 Jiang et al., 2023
9 unrelated Chinese patients with LOXL3 variants and early-onset extreme high myopia - main and consistent feature across the cohort. No significant skeletal abnormalities, midface development, palate malformation was observed in these nine patients; auditory assessment normal where available. Authors hypothesise that biallelic missense variants result in Stickler syndrome, while truncating variants yield isolated high myopia - this is not very consistent, though.

PMID: 30362103 Chan et al., 2019
Report of a child and his father who had clinical features consistent with Stickler syndrome and found to have a homozygous novel mutation c.1036C>T (p.Arg346Trp) in LOXL3. Clinical features: high myopia, short stature, retinal changes, high-arched palate (son only). No hearing loss. On fundus examination, the father had myopic fundi and peripheral retinal degeneration - seen at age 40 years. The son, age 11 years, had vitreous degeneration/detachment in both eyes.

PMID: 25663169 Alzahrani et al., 2015
Saudi family with AR Stickler syndrome. Parents are second cousins. Index patient: 16yo boy with cleft palate, micro/retrognathia, non-progressive myopia (-10.00 D) with chorioretinal lattice degeneration, mild conductive hearing loss. 8yo sister has similar presentation, with myopia of -13.00 D and normal hearing. Both had normal development. Homozygous LOXL3 c.2027G>T, p.Cys676Phe detected in the sibs (exome seq + autozygosity filtering).

Functional evidence: PMID: 36610533 Liu et al., 2023 - a mouse model of Stickler syndrome was made by inducing a LOXL3 mutation (c.2027G>A, p.Cys676Tyr) using CRISPR/Cas9. The Loxl3 mutant mice exhibited perinatal death, spinal deformity, cleft palate, skeletal dysplasia and progressive visual degeneration.
Sources: Literature
Retinal disorders v9.2 LOXL3 Ida Ertmanska gene: LOXL3 was added
gene: LOXL3 was added to Retinal disorders. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: LOXL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LOXL3 were set to 25663169; 30362103; 36610533; 36917121; 38957076; 41052910
Phenotypes for gene: LOXL3 were set to Myopia 28, autosomal recessive, OMIM:619781; Stickler syndrome, MONDO:0019354
Review for gene: LOXL3 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 41052910 Sanchez et al., 2026
3 sisters with biallelic LOXL3 variants and Stickler Syndrome. Comp het for c.1735C>T, p.Arg579* and c.956G>A, p.Arg319Gln in LOXL3 - targeted NGS panel. Parents are healthy carriers of one LOXL3 variant each. Shared phenotype: skeletal anomalies in feet and hands, cleft palate, high myopia, bilateral conductive hearing loss (2/3).

PMID: 38957076 Klejnotowska et al., 2024
4yo boy with reduced visual acuity 6/30 in both eyes, bilateral vitreous syneresis, foveal hypoplasia and bilateral high myopia (-8.50D). A skeletal survey showed mild spondylo-epi-metaphyseal dysplasia. Normal hearing. WES revealed a homozygous LOXL3 variant c.1448_1449del, p.(Thr483Argfs*13), inherited through paternal UPiD of chromosome 2.

PMID: 36917121 Jiang et al., 2023
9 unrelated Chinese patients with LOXL3 variants and early-onset extreme high myopia - main and consistent feature across the cohort. No significant skeletal abnormalities, midface development, palate malformation was observed in these nine patients; auditory assessment normal where available. Authors hypothesise that biallelic missense variants result in Stickler syndrome, while truncating variants yield isolated high myopia - this is not very consistent, though.

PMID: 30362103 Chan et al., 2019
Report of a child and his father who had clinical features consistent with Stickler syndrome and found to have a homozygous novel mutation c.1036C>T (p.Arg346Trp) in LOXL3. Clinical features: high myopia, short stature, retinal changes, high-arched palate (son only). No hearing loss.

PMID: 25663169 Alzahrani et al., 2015
Saudi family with AR Stickler syndrome. Parents are second cousins. Index patient: 16yo boy with cleft palate, micro/retrognathia, non-progressive myopia (-10.00 D) with chorioretinal lattice degeneration, mild conductive hearing loss. 8yo sister has similar presentation, with myopia of -13.00 D and normal hearing. Both had normal development. Homozygous LOXL3 c.2027G>T, p.Cys676Phe detected in the sibs (exome seq + autozygosity filtering).

Functional evidence: PMID: 36610533 Liu et al., 2023 - a mouse model of Stickler syndrome was made by inducing a LOXL3 mutation (c.2027G>A, p.Cys676Tyr) using CRISPR/Cas9. The Loxl3 mutant mice exhibited perinatal death, spinal deformity, cleft palate, skeletal dysplasia and progressive visual degeneration.
Sources: Literature
Retinal disorders v7.8 AHR Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Tag Q3_24_promote_green was removed from gene: AHR.
Tag Q3_24_NHS_review was removed from gene: AHR.
Retinal disorders v7.8 AHR Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: AHR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Retinal disorders v7.7 AHR Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source Expert Review Green was added to AHR.
Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Green List (high evidence)
Retinal disorders v6.3 AHR Sarah Leigh Tag watchlist was removed from gene: AHR.
Tag Q3_24_promote_green tag was added to gene: AHR.
Tag Q3_24_NHS_review tag was added to gene: AHR.
Retinal disorders v6.3 AHR Sarah Leigh reviewed gene: AHR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Retinal disorders v6.3 AHR Sarah Leigh Phenotypes for gene: AHR were changed from ?Retinitis pigmentosa 85, OMIM:618345; Retinal dystrophy to ?Retinitis pigmentosa 85, OMIM:618345; retinitis pigmentosa 85, MONDO:0032689
Retinal disorders v6.2 AHR Sarah Leigh Publications for gene: AHR were set to 29726989; 31896775; 31009037
Retinal disorders v5.15 AHR Mohammed Derar changed review comment from: Additional unrelated families with foveal hypoplasia have been reported with biallelic mutations in AHR. The mutations detected were homozygous nonesense variants in two different patients and a splicing variant in another patient.; to: Additional unrelated families with foveal hypoplasia have been reported with biallelic mutations in AHR. The mutations detected were homozygous nonesense variants in two different patients and a splicing variant in another patient.
Retinal disorders v5.15 AHR Mohammed Derar changed review comment from: additional unrelated families with foveal hypoplasia have been reported with biallelic mutations in AHR. The mutations detected were homozygous nonesense variants in two different patients and a splicing variant in another patient.; to: Additional unrelated families with foveal hypoplasia have been reported with biallelic mutations in AHR. The mutations detected were homozygous nonesense variants in two different patients and a splicing variant in another patient.
Retinal disorders v5.15 AHR Mohammed Derar changed review comment from: Unrelated families with foveal hypoplasia have been reported with biallelic mutations in AHR. The mutations detected were homozygous nonesense variants in two different patients and a splicing variant in another patient.; to: additional unrelated families with foveal hypoplasia have been reported with biallelic mutations in AHR. The mutations detected were homozygous nonesense variants in two different patients and a splicing variant in another patient.
Retinal disorders v5.15 AHR Mohammed Derar edited their review of gene: AHR: Added comment: Unrelated families with foveal hypoplasia have been reported with biallelic mutations in AHR. The mutations detected were homozygous nonesense variants in two different patients and a splicing variant in another patient.; Changed publications to: (Mayer et al., 2019) (PMID: 31009037), (Borovok et al., 2020) (PMID: 33193710), (AlMoallem et al., 2022) (PMID:35188035)
Retinal disorders v4.12 PYGM Siying Lin gene: PYGM was added
gene: PYGM was added to Retinal disorders. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: PYGM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PYGM were set to PMID 30316539
Phenotypes for gene: PYGM were set to Macular dystrophy, retinopathy
Mode of pathogenicity for gene: PYGM was set to Other
Review for gene: PYGM was set to GREEN
Added comment: Mahroo et al (PMID 30316539) report on 4 individuals with McArdle disease and biallelic variants in PYGM and similar retinopathy affecting the macula. Screening results for mutations in a number of macular dystrophy genes were negative, supporting the association of this retinopathy with McArdle disease
Sources: Literature
Retinal disorders v2.273 AHR Eleanor Williams Publications for gene: AHR were set to 29726989; 31896775
Retinal disorders v2.272 AHR Eleanor Williams commented on gene: AHR
Retinal disorders v2.242 AHR Mohammed Derar reviewed gene: AHR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: Zhou et al. (2018) (PMID: 29726989), Mayer et al. (2019) (PMID: 31009037); Phenotypes: Retinitis pigmentosa, Foveal hypoplasia, infantile nystagmus; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Retinal disorders v2.30 AHR Ivone Leong commented on gene: AHR: This gene is associated with a phenotype in OMIM and Gene2Phenotype. There is currently not enough evidence to support a gene-disease association so this gene will remain Amber.
Retinal disorders v2.30 AHR Ivone Leong Tag watchlist tag was added to gene: AHR.
Retinal disorders v2.30 AHR Ivone Leong Publications for gene: AHR were set to
Retinal disorders v2.29 AHR Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: AHR were changed from ?Retinitis pigmentosa 85, OMIM:618345 to ?Retinitis pigmentosa 85, OMIM:618345; Retinal dystrophy
Retinal disorders v2.28 AHR Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: AHR were changed from to ?Retinitis pigmentosa 85, OMIM:618345
Retinal disorders v2.27 AHR Ivone Leong Mode of inheritance for gene: AHR was changed from to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Retinal disorders v2.16 AHR Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: AHR: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 29726989, 31896775; Phenotypes: Retinal dystrophy; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Retinal disorders v2.5 AHR Ivone Leong reviewed gene: AHR: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance:
Retinal disorders v2.3 AHR Ivone Leong gene: AHR was added
gene: AHR was added to Retinal disorders. Sources: Expert Review Amber,RetNet,NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: AHR was set to
Retinal disorders v1.137 SRD5A3 Ivone Leong gene: SRD5A3 was added
gene: SRD5A3 was added to Retinal disorders. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Green
Mode of inheritance for gene: SRD5A3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SRD5A3 were set to 28253385; 30019980; 24433453
Phenotypes for gene: SRD5A3 were set to Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Iq, 612379; Kahrizi syndrome, 612713