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| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.6 | AP1B1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Tag Q3_25_promote_green tag was added to gene: AP1B1. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.6 | AP1B1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Classified gene: AP1B1 as Amber List (moderate evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.6 | AP1B1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Gene: ap1b1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.5 | AP1B1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: AP1B1 were changed from to Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, OMIM:242150; KID syndrome, MONDO:0018781 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.4 | AP1B1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Publications for gene: AP1B1 were set to | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.3 | AP1B1 | Ida Ertmanska commented on gene: AP1B1: Comment on list classification: At least 6 unrelated individuals harbouring biallelic variants in AP1B1, diagnosed with Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, presented with syndromic palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.3 | AP1B1 |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: PMID: 31630791 Alsaif et al., 2019 Family 1: UK and Pakistani origin, consanguineous. Individual II:1, female, presented with congenital ichthyosis, enteropathy, and mild persisting hepatopathy, followed by failure to thrive, global developmental delay, and bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Similarly affected brother II:2: ichthyosis with erythroderma and diarrhea in the neonatal period. Subsequent problems included enteropathy, severe failure to thrive, global developmental delay, hearing loss, narrow and incomplete cleft of the soft palate, anemia, and respiratory infections. Both homozygous for a gross deletion, (GRCh37/hg19) chr22: 29758984–29815476, which spans AP1B1 and RFPL1 (not yet associated with a disease). Persistently low plasma copper in both siblings. Family 2: individual II:2 - 4yo boy born to consanguineous healthy Saudi parents. Phenotype: scaly skin, which evolved into generalized ichthyosis with associated palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. He later developed developmental delay, bilateral profound sensorineural deafness, and failure to thrive. Homozygous for AP1B1 NM_001127:c.38-1G>A, p.(Glu14Argfs∗5) - clinical exome. PMID: 31630788 Boyden et al., 2019 Individual 424, adult male, born with normal skin; diagnosed with ichthyosis at 2 months old; developmental delay, growth delay, partial hearing loss, tooth loss, profound photophobia, and corneal scarring leading to near complete vision loss. At age 33 had erythroderma with thin palmoplantar keratoderma, and a fissured tongue; noted thickening of his palms and soles since childhood. PMID: 33452671 Vornweg et al., 2021 Female patient with compound het mutations in AP1B1: c.322C>T (p. Arg108Trp) and c.2254delC (p.Leu752Serfs*26). Method: WES + Sanger. Presented with ichthyosiform erythroderma and chronic, severe pruritus from birth; global developmental delay and failure to thrive, thickened plantar surface, bilateral ectropion and partial alopecia; developed bilateral deafness and moderate photophobia. Molecular examination demonstrated complete loss of AP1B1 protein in epidermis and isolated keratinocytes from patient’s skin. PMID: 33349978 Ito et al., 2021 Report of 2yo Japanese boy. Compound het for AP1B1 c.1852C>T p.Gln618* and 2677C>T p.Gln893*. Method: WES. Presented with ichthyosis, moderate motor & mental retardation, failed the auditory brainstem response test bilatreally. Low calcium and serum copper levels. PMID: 32969855 Meriç et al., 2021 11mo Turkish girl; consanguineous parents. Homozygous for (AP1B1:NM_001127) c.668T>C, p.Leu223Pro - WES. Presented with ichthyosis and developmental delay. Other symptoms: hearing loss, hepatomegaly, chronic diarrhea, partial alopecia, hyperkeratosis; eye examination showed photophobia and high myopia; diagnosed with mild ID at 7yo. Serum copper within normal limits. PMID: 35144013 Faghihi et al., 2022 Proband: 6.5yr old boy, consanguineous parents. Homozygous for AP1B1 (NM_001127.4: c.1263C>A, p.Tyr421*) - WES. Presented with developmental delay, erythroderma, palmoplantar keratoderma, hearing loss, ichthyosis. Plasma copper (9 mmol/L) was decreased on several occasions. AP1B1 is associated with Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, 242150 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025). This gene was classified as Definitive for AR ichthyosiform erythroderma, corneal involvement, and hearing loss by ClinGen (General Inborn Errors of Metabolism Expert Panel, Aug 2024). Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 31630791 Alsaif et al., 2019 Family 1: UK and Pakistani origin, consanguineous. Individual II:1, female, presented with congenital ichthyosis, enteropathy, and mild persisting hepatopathy, followed by failure to thrive, global developmental delay, and bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Similarly affected brother II:2: ichthyosis with erythroderma and diarrhea in the neonatal period. Subsequent problems included enteropathy, severe failure to thrive, global developmental delay, hearing loss, narrow and incomplete cleft of the soft palate, anemia, and respiratory infections. Both homozygous for a gross deletion, (GRCh37/hg19) chr22: 29758984–29815476, which spans AP1B1 and RFPL1 (not yet associated with a disease). Persistently low plasma copper in both siblings. Family 2: individual II:2 - 4yo boy born to consanguineous healthy Saudi parents. Phenotype: scaly skin, which evolved into generalized ichthyosis with associated palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. He later developed developmental delay, bilateral profound sensorineural deafness, and failure to thrive. Homozygous for AP1B1 NM_001127:c.38-1G>A, p.(Glu14Argfs∗5) - clinical exome. PMID: 31630788 Boyden et al., 2019 Individual 424, adult male, born with normal skin; diagnosed with ichthyosis at 2 months old; developmental delay, growth delay, partial hearing loss, tooth loss, profound photophobia, and corneal scarring leading to near complete vision loss. At age 33 had erythroderma with thin palmoplantar keratoderma, and a fissured tongue; noted thickening of his palms and soles since childhood. PMID: 33452671 Vornweg et al., 2021 Female patient with compound het mutations in AP1B1: c.322C>T (p. Arg108Trp) and c.2254delC (p.Leu752Serfs*26). Method: WES + Sanger. Presented with ichthyosiform erythroderma and chronic, severe pruritus from birth; global developmental delay and failure to thrive, thickened plantar surface, bilateral ectropion and partial alopecia; developed bilateral deafness and moderate photophobia. Molecular examination demonstrated complete loss of AP1B1 protein in epidermis and isolated keratinocytes from patient’s skin. PMID: 33349978 Ito et al., 2021 Report of 2yo Japanese boy. Compound het for AP1B1 c.1852C>T p.Gln618* and 2677C>T p.Gln893*. Method: WES. Presented with ichthyosis, palmoplantar keratoderma, moderate motor & mental retardation, failed the auditory brainstem response test bilaterally. Low calcium and serum copper levels. PMID: 32969855 Meriç et al., 2021 11mo Turkish girl; consanguineous parents. Homozygous for (AP1B1:NM_001127) c.668T>C, p.Leu223Pro - WES. Presented with ichthyosis and developmental delay. Other symptoms: hearing loss, hepatomegaly, chronic diarrhea, partial alopecia, hyperkeratosis; eye examination showed photophobia and high myopia; diagnosed with mild ID at 7yo. Serum copper within normal limits. PMID: 35144013 Faghihi et al., 2022 Proband: 6.5yr old boy, consanguineous parents. Homozygous for AP1B1 (NM_001127.4: c.1263C>A, p.Tyr421*) - WES. Presented with developmental delay, erythroderma, palmoplantar keratoderma, hearing loss, ichthyosis. Plasma copper (9 mmol/L) was decreased on several occasions. AP1B1 is associated with Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, 242150 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025). This gene was classified as Definitive for AR ichthyosiform erythroderma, corneal involvement, and hearing loss by ClinGen (General Inborn Errors of Metabolism Expert Panel, Aug 2024). Sources: Literature |
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| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.3 | AP1B1 |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: PMID: 31630791 Alsaif et al., 2019 Family 1: UK and Pakistani origin, consanguineous. Individual II:1, female, presented with congenital ichthyosis, enteropathy, and mild persisting hepatopathy, followed by failure to thrive, global developmental delay, and bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Similarly affected brother II:2: ichthyosis with erythroderma and diarrhea in the neonatal period. Subsequent problems included enteropathy, severe failure to thrive, global developmental delay, hearing loss, narrow and incomplete cleft of the soft palate, anemia, and respiratory infections. Both homozygous for a gross deletion, (GRCh37/hg19) chr22: 29758984–29815476, which spans AP1B1 and RFPL1 (not yet associated with a disease). Persistently low plasma copper in both siblings. Family 2: individual II:2 - 4yo boy born to consanguineous healthy Saudi parents. Phenotype: scaly skin, which evolved into generalized ichthyosis with associated palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. He later developed developmental delay, bilateral profound sensorineural deafness, and failure to thrive. Homozygous for AP1B1 NM_001127:c.38-1G>A, p.(Glu14Argfs∗5) - clinical exome. PMID: 31630788 Boyden et al., 2019 Individual 424, adult male, born with normal skin; diagnosed with ichthyosis at 2 months old; developmental delay, growth delay, partial hearing loss, tooth loss, profound photophobia, and corneal scarring leading to near complete vision loss. At age 33 had erythroderma with thin palmoplantar keratoderma, and a fissured tongue; noted thickening of his palms and soles since childhood. PMID: 33452671 Vornweg et al., 2021 Female patient with compound het mutations in AP1B1: c.322C>T (p. Arg108Trp) and c.2254delC (p.Leu752Serfs*26). Method: WES + Sanger. Presented with ichthyosiform erythroderma and chronic, severe pruritus from birth; global developmental delay and failure to thrive, thickened plantar surface, bilateral ectropion and partial alopecia; developed bilateral deafness and moderate photophobia. Molecular examination demonstrated complete loss of AP1B1 protein in epidermis and isolated keratinocytes from patient’s skin. PMID: 33349978 Ito et al., 2021 Report of 2yo Japanese boy. Compound het for AP1B1 c.1852C>T p.Gln618* and 2677C>T p.Gln893*. Method: WES. Presented with ichthyosis, moderate motor & mental retardation, failed the auditory brainstem response test bilatreally. Low calcium and serum copper levels. PMID: 32969855 Meriç et al., 2021 11mo Turkish girl; consanguineous parents. Homozygous for (AP1B1:NM_001127) c.668T>C, p.Leu223Pro - WES. Presented with ichthyosis and developmental delay. Other symptoms: hearing loss, hepatomegaly, chronic diarrhea, partial alopecia, hyperkeratosis; eye examination showed photophobia and high myopia; diagnosed with mild ID at 7yo. Serum copper within normal limits. PMID: 35144013 Faghihi et al., 2022 Proband: 6.5yr old boy, consanguineous parents. Homozygous for AP1B1 (NM_001127.4: c.1263C>A, p.Tyr421*) - WES. Presented with developmental delay, keratitis, ichthyosis, and hearing loss. Plasma copper (9 mmol/L) was decreased on several occasions. AP1B1 is associated with Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, 242150 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025). This gene was classified as Definitive for AR ichthyosiform erythroderma, corneal involvement, and hearing loss by ClinGen (General Inborn Errors of Metabolism Expert Panel, Aug 2024). Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 31630791 Alsaif et al., 2019 Family 1: UK and Pakistani origin, consanguineous. Individual II:1, female, presented with congenital ichthyosis, enteropathy, and mild persisting hepatopathy, followed by failure to thrive, global developmental delay, and bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Similarly affected brother II:2: ichthyosis with erythroderma and diarrhea in the neonatal period. Subsequent problems included enteropathy, severe failure to thrive, global developmental delay, hearing loss, narrow and incomplete cleft of the soft palate, anemia, and respiratory infections. Both homozygous for a gross deletion, (GRCh37/hg19) chr22: 29758984–29815476, which spans AP1B1 and RFPL1 (not yet associated with a disease). Persistently low plasma copper in both siblings. Family 2: individual II:2 - 4yo boy born to consanguineous healthy Saudi parents. Phenotype: scaly skin, which evolved into generalized ichthyosis with associated palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. He later developed developmental delay, bilateral profound sensorineural deafness, and failure to thrive. Homozygous for AP1B1 NM_001127:c.38-1G>A, p.(Glu14Argfs∗5) - clinical exome. PMID: 31630788 Boyden et al., 2019 Individual 424, adult male, born with normal skin; diagnosed with ichthyosis at 2 months old; developmental delay, growth delay, partial hearing loss, tooth loss, profound photophobia, and corneal scarring leading to near complete vision loss. At age 33 had erythroderma with thin palmoplantar keratoderma, and a fissured tongue; noted thickening of his palms and soles since childhood. PMID: 33452671 Vornweg et al., 2021 Female patient with compound het mutations in AP1B1: c.322C>T (p. Arg108Trp) and c.2254delC (p.Leu752Serfs*26). Method: WES + Sanger. Presented with ichthyosiform erythroderma and chronic, severe pruritus from birth; global developmental delay and failure to thrive, thickened plantar surface, bilateral ectropion and partial alopecia; developed bilateral deafness and moderate photophobia. Molecular examination demonstrated complete loss of AP1B1 protein in epidermis and isolated keratinocytes from patient’s skin. PMID: 33349978 Ito et al., 2021 Report of 2yo Japanese boy. Compound het for AP1B1 c.1852C>T p.Gln618* and 2677C>T p.Gln893*. Method: WES. Presented with ichthyosis, moderate motor & mental retardation, failed the auditory brainstem response test bilatreally. Low calcium and serum copper levels. PMID: 32969855 Meriç et al., 2021 11mo Turkish girl; consanguineous parents. Homozygous for (AP1B1:NM_001127) c.668T>C, p.Leu223Pro - WES. Presented with ichthyosis and developmental delay. Other symptoms: hearing loss, hepatomegaly, chronic diarrhea, partial alopecia, hyperkeratosis; eye examination showed photophobia and high myopia; diagnosed with mild ID at 7yo. Serum copper within normal limits. PMID: 35144013 Faghihi et al., 2022 Proband: 6.5yr old boy, consanguineous parents. Homozygous for AP1B1 (NM_001127.4: c.1263C>A, p.Tyr421*) - WES. Presented with developmental delay, erythroderma, palmoplantar keratoderma, hearing loss, ichthyosis. Plasma copper (9 mmol/L) was decreased on several occasions. AP1B1 is associated with Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, 242150 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025). This gene was classified as Definitive for AR ichthyosiform erythroderma, corneal involvement, and hearing loss by ClinGen (General Inborn Errors of Metabolism Expert Panel, Aug 2024). Sources: Literature |
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| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.3 | AP1B1 | Ida Ertmanska edited their review of gene: AP1B1: Changed publications to: 31630791, 31630788, 33452671, 33349978, 32969855, 35144013 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.3 | AP1B1 |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: PMID: 31630791 Alsaif et al., 2019 Family 1: UK and Pakistani origin, consanguineous. Individual II:1, female, presented with congenital ichthyosis, enteropathy, and mild persisting hepatopathy, followed by failure to thrive, global developmental delay, and bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Similarly affected brother II:2: ichthyosis with erythroderma and diarrhea in the neonatal period. Subsequent problems included enteropathy, severe failure to thrive, global developmental delay, hearing loss, narrow and incomplete cleft of the soft palate, anemia, and respiratory infections. Both homozygous for a gross deletion, (GRCh37/hg19) chr22: 29758984–29815476, which spans AP1B1 and RFPL1 (not yet associated with a disease). Persistently low plasma copper in both siblings. Family 2: individual II:2 - 4yo boy born to consanguineous healthy Saudi parents. Phenotype: scaly skin, which evolved into generalized ichthyosis with associated palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. He later developed developmental delay, bilateral profound sensorineural deafness, and failure to thrive. Homozygous for AP1B1 NM_001127:c.38-1G>A, p.(Glu14Argfs∗5) - clinical exome. PMID: 33452671 Vornweg et al., 2021 Female patient with compound het mutations in AP1B1: c.322C>T (p. Arg108Trp) and c.2254delC (p.Leu752Serfs*26). Method: WES + Sanger. Presented with ichthyosiform erythroderma and chronic, severe pruritus from birth; global developmental delay and failure to thrive, thickened plantar surface, bilateral ectropion and partial alopecia; developed bilateral deafness and moderate photophobia. Molecular examination demonstrated complete loss of AP1B1 protein in epidermis and isolated keratinocytes from patient’s skin. PMID: 33349978 Ito et al., 2021 Report of 2yo Japanese boy. Compound het for AP1B1 c.1852C>T p.Gln618* and 2677C>T p.Gln893*. Method: WES. Presented with ichthyosis, moderate motor & mental retardation, failed the auditory brainstem response test bilatreally. Low calcium and serum copper levels. PMID: 32969855 Meriç et al., 2021 11mo Turkish girl; consanguineous parents. Homozygous for (AP1B1:NM_001127) c.668T>C, p.Leu223Pro - WES. Presented with ichthyosis and developmental delay. Other symptoms: hearing loss, hepatomegaly, chronic diarrhea, partial alopecia, hyperkeratosis; eye examination showed photophobia and high myopia; diagnosed with mild ID at 7yo. Serum copper within normal limits. PMID: 35144013 Faghihi et al., 2022 Proband: 6.5yr old boy, consanguineous parents. Homozygous for AP1B1 (NM_001127.4: c.1263C>A, p.Tyr421*) - WES. Presented with developmental delay, keratitis, ichthyosis, and hearing loss. Plasma copper (9 mmol/L) was decreased on several occasions. AP1B1 is associated with Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, 242150 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025). This gene was classified as Definitive for AR ichthyosiform erythroderma, corneal involvement, and hearing loss by ClinGen (General Inborn Errors of Metabolism Expert Panel, Aug 2024). Sources: Literature; to: PMID: 31630791 Alsaif et al., 2019 Family 1: UK and Pakistani origin, consanguineous. Individual II:1, female, presented with congenital ichthyosis, enteropathy, and mild persisting hepatopathy, followed by failure to thrive, global developmental delay, and bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Similarly affected brother II:2: ichthyosis with erythroderma and diarrhea in the neonatal period. Subsequent problems included enteropathy, severe failure to thrive, global developmental delay, hearing loss, narrow and incomplete cleft of the soft palate, anemia, and respiratory infections. Both homozygous for a gross deletion, (GRCh37/hg19) chr22: 29758984–29815476, which spans AP1B1 and RFPL1 (not yet associated with a disease). Persistently low plasma copper in both siblings. Family 2: individual II:2 - 4yo boy born to consanguineous healthy Saudi parents. Phenotype: scaly skin, which evolved into generalized ichthyosis with associated palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. He later developed developmental delay, bilateral profound sensorineural deafness, and failure to thrive. Homozygous for AP1B1 NM_001127:c.38-1G>A, p.(Glu14Argfs∗5) - clinical exome. PMID: 31630788 Boyden et al., 2019 Individual 424, adult male, born with normal skin; diagnosed with ichthyosis at 2 months old; developmental delay, growth delay, partial hearing loss, tooth loss, profound photophobia, and corneal scarring leading to near complete vision loss. At age 33 had erythroderma with thin palmoplantar keratoderma, and a fissured tongue; noted thickening of his palms and soles since childhood. PMID: 33452671 Vornweg et al., 2021 Female patient with compound het mutations in AP1B1: c.322C>T (p. Arg108Trp) and c.2254delC (p.Leu752Serfs*26). Method: WES + Sanger. Presented with ichthyosiform erythroderma and chronic, severe pruritus from birth; global developmental delay and failure to thrive, thickened plantar surface, bilateral ectropion and partial alopecia; developed bilateral deafness and moderate photophobia. Molecular examination demonstrated complete loss of AP1B1 protein in epidermis and isolated keratinocytes from patient’s skin. PMID: 33349978 Ito et al., 2021 Report of 2yo Japanese boy. Compound het for AP1B1 c.1852C>T p.Gln618* and 2677C>T p.Gln893*. Method: WES. Presented with ichthyosis, moderate motor & mental retardation, failed the auditory brainstem response test bilatreally. Low calcium and serum copper levels. PMID: 32969855 Meriç et al., 2021 11mo Turkish girl; consanguineous parents. Homozygous for (AP1B1:NM_001127) c.668T>C, p.Leu223Pro - WES. Presented with ichthyosis and developmental delay. Other symptoms: hearing loss, hepatomegaly, chronic diarrhea, partial alopecia, hyperkeratosis; eye examination showed photophobia and high myopia; diagnosed with mild ID at 7yo. Serum copper within normal limits. PMID: 35144013 Faghihi et al., 2022 Proband: 6.5yr old boy, consanguineous parents. Homozygous for AP1B1 (NM_001127.4: c.1263C>A, p.Tyr421*) - WES. Presented with developmental delay, keratitis, ichthyosis, and hearing loss. Plasma copper (9 mmol/L) was decreased on several occasions. AP1B1 is associated with Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, 242150 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025). This gene was classified as Definitive for AR ichthyosiform erythroderma, corneal involvement, and hearing loss by ClinGen (General Inborn Errors of Metabolism Expert Panel, Aug 2024). Sources: Literature |
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| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.3 | AP1B1 | Ida Ertmanska edited their review of gene: AP1B1: Changed publications to: 31630791, 33452671, 33349978, 32969855, 35144013; Changed phenotypes to: Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, OMIM:242150, KID syndrome, MONDO:0018781 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Palmoplantar keratodermas v4.3 | AP1B1 |
Ida Ertmanska gene: AP1B1 was added gene: AP1B1 was added to Palmoplantar keratodermas. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: AP1B1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Review for gene: AP1B1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 31630791 Alsaif et al., 2019 Family 1: UK and Pakistani origin, consanguineous. Individual II:1, female, presented with congenital ichthyosis, enteropathy, and mild persisting hepatopathy, followed by failure to thrive, global developmental delay, and bilateral severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss. Similarly affected brother II:2: ichthyosis with erythroderma and diarrhea in the neonatal period. Subsequent problems included enteropathy, severe failure to thrive, global developmental delay, hearing loss, narrow and incomplete cleft of the soft palate, anemia, and respiratory infections. Both homozygous for a gross deletion, (GRCh37/hg19) chr22: 29758984–29815476, which spans AP1B1 and RFPL1 (not yet associated with a disease). Persistently low plasma copper in both siblings. Family 2: individual II:2 - 4yo boy born to consanguineous healthy Saudi parents. Phenotype: scaly skin, which evolved into generalized ichthyosis with associated palmoplantar hyperkeratosis. He later developed developmental delay, bilateral profound sensorineural deafness, and failure to thrive. Homozygous for AP1B1 NM_001127:c.38-1G>A, p.(Glu14Argfs∗5) - clinical exome. PMID: 33452671 Vornweg et al., 2021 Female patient with compound het mutations in AP1B1: c.322C>T (p. Arg108Trp) and c.2254delC (p.Leu752Serfs*26). Method: WES + Sanger. Presented with ichthyosiform erythroderma and chronic, severe pruritus from birth; global developmental delay and failure to thrive, thickened plantar surface, bilateral ectropion and partial alopecia; developed bilateral deafness and moderate photophobia. Molecular examination demonstrated complete loss of AP1B1 protein in epidermis and isolated keratinocytes from patient’s skin. PMID: 33349978 Ito et al., 2021 Report of 2yo Japanese boy. Compound het for AP1B1 c.1852C>T p.Gln618* and 2677C>T p.Gln893*. Method: WES. Presented with ichthyosis, moderate motor & mental retardation, failed the auditory brainstem response test bilatreally. Low calcium and serum copper levels. PMID: 32969855 Meriç et al., 2021 11mo Turkish girl; consanguineous parents. Homozygous for (AP1B1:NM_001127) c.668T>C, p.Leu223Pro - WES. Presented with ichthyosis and developmental delay. Other symptoms: hearing loss, hepatomegaly, chronic diarrhea, partial alopecia, hyperkeratosis; eye examination showed photophobia and high myopia; diagnosed with mild ID at 7yo. Serum copper within normal limits. PMID: 35144013 Faghihi et al., 2022 Proband: 6.5yr old boy, consanguineous parents. Homozygous for AP1B1 (NM_001127.4: c.1263C>A, p.Tyr421*) - WES. Presented with developmental delay, keratitis, ichthyosis, and hearing loss. Plasma copper (9 mmol/L) was decreased on several occasions. AP1B1 is associated with Keratitis-ichthyosis-deafness syndrome, autosomal recessive, 242150 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025). This gene was classified as Definitive for AR ichthyosiform erythroderma, corneal involvement, and hearing loss by ClinGen (General Inborn Errors of Metabolism Expert Panel, Aug 2024). Sources: Literature |
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