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Fetal anomalies v6.129 TSEN34 Ida Ertmanska commented on gene: TSEN34: Comment on list classification: There is one patient reported in literature with a biallelic variant in TSEN34 and Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2. While TSEN34 shares a biochemical function with other genes known to cause Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 2, the clinical evidence for this gene-disease association is lacking in literature. Hence, TSEN34 should be demoted to Amber for Ataxia and cerebellar anomalies - narrow panel, until more evidence emerges.
Fetal anomalies v6.97 LINC01082 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common.

Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele. According to PMID:36157490 Szafranski et al., 2022, 50 reported de novo CNV deletions arose on the maternal chromosome 16 and only 3 de novo CNV deletions arose on the paternal chromosome 16.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

Genomic positions reference (GRh37/hg19):
FOXF1 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).; to: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype.

There are at least 3 reported unrelated individuals with Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, where LINC01081 (either part or whole gene) has been deleted (PMID: 27071622, 23034409) - with LINC01082 and FOXF1 being intact. At least 10 other patients harboured a deletion that affected the wider FOXF1 upstream enhancer region, but not FOXF1 itself (PMIDs: 19500772; 23034409; 24842713; 27071622).
Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele. According to PMID:36157490 Szafranski et al., 2022, 50 reported de novo CNV deletions arose on the maternal chromosome 16 and only 3 de novo CNV deletions arose on the paternal chromosome 16.

PMID: 40869921 Fumini et al., 2025
Review of nine prenatal cases with a 16q24.1 deletion, all involving the FOXF1 gene or its enhancer region. The main ultrasound findings included increased nuchal translucency and cystic hygroma during the first trimester, and cardiac, renal, and intestinal malformations from 20 weeks of gestation onward.

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.97 LINC01081 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).; to: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. There are at least 3 reported unrelated individuals with Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, where LINC01081 (either part or whole gene) has been deleted (PMID: 27071622, 23034409). At least 10 other patients harboured a deletion that affected the FOXF1 upstream enhancer region, but not FOXF1 itself (PMIDs: 19500772; 23034409; 24842713; 27071622). Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 40869921 Fumini et al., 2025
Review of nine prenatal cases with a 16q24.1 deletion, all involving the FOXF1 gene or its enhancer region. The main ultrasound findings included increased nuchal translucency and cystic hygroma during the first trimester, and cardiac, renal, and intestinal malformations from 20 weeks of gestation onward.

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.97 LINC01081 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).; to: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.97 LINC01081 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).; to: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.29 ERG Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: ERG: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance:
Fetal anomalies v6.28 ERG Sunayna Best commented on gene: ERG: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings in June & July 2025. The meetings included representatives of the North Thames and Central & South R21 testing GLHs and from the R21 Clinical Oversight Group. Clinical review and curation was performed by Natalie Chandler & Elizabeth Scotchman (North Thames GLH), Natalie Bibb, Stephanie Allen & Sarah Graham (Central & South GLH) and Alice Gardham, Esther Kinning, Vicki Harrison, Anna DeBurca, Natalie Canham, Elizabeth Wall, Sunayna Best, Soo-Mi Park & Sahar Mansour (R21 Clinical Oversight Group).
Fetal anomalies v6.24 ERG Sunayna Best reviewed gene: ERG: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 36928819; Phenotypes: Lymphatic malformation 14; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v6.21 ERG Arina Puzriakova gene: ERG was added
gene: ERG was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: ERG was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ERG were set to 36928819
Phenotypes for gene: ERG were set to Lymphatic malformation 14
Fetal anomalies v4.193 ERGIC1 Arina Puzriakova Tag gene-checked tag was added to gene: ERGIC1.
Fetal anomalies v4.192 ERGIC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Tag Q3_24_promote_green was removed from gene: ERGIC1.
Tag Q3_24_NHS_review was removed from gene: ERGIC1.
Fetal anomalies v4.192 ERGIC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram edited their review of gene: ERGIC1: Added comment: The rating of this gene has been updated to green and the mode of inheritance set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal following NHS Genomic Medicine Service approval.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.191 ERGIC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source Expert Review Green was added to ERGIC1.
Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Green List (high evidence)
Fetal anomalies v4.55 ERGIC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Tag Q3_24_promote_green tag was added to gene: ERGIC1.
Tag Q3_24_NHS_review tag was added to gene: ERGIC1.
Fetal anomalies v4.36 ERGIC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram commented on gene: ERGIC1
Fetal anomalies v4.35 ERGIC1 Esther Kinning reviewed gene: ERGIC1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 31230720, 28317099, 34037256; Phenotypes: Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 2, neurogenic type, OMIM:208100; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.34 ERGIC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: ERGIC1 was added
gene: ERGIC1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: ERGIC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ERGIC1 were set to 31230720; 28317099; 34037256
Phenotypes for gene: ERGIC1 were set to Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita 2, neurogenic type, OMIM:208100
Fetal anomalies v1.966 SETD2 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: SETD2 were changed from SETD2-associated Overgrowth Syndrome to microcephaly; profound intellectual disability; congenital anomalies; dysmorphic facial features
Fetal anomalies v1.847 PEX6 Sarah Leigh edited their review of gene: PEX6: Added comment: For Peroxisome biogenesis disorder 4B (OMIM:614863), Falkenberg et al (PMID: 29220678) has identified Allelic Expression Imbalance (AEI) as a mechanism responsible for the condition. Affected patients (7 unrelated cases) were monoallelic for rs61753230 (c.2578C>T, p.Arg860Trp) and rs144286892 (c.∗442_445 delTAAA), with these variants being on the same chromosome (cis). It would appear that rs144286892 causes the over expression of the allele that it is on, resulting in over expression of rs61753230. The unaffected parents analysed were monoallelic for rs61753230 and biallelic for rs144286892, resulting in overexpression of both rs61753230 and wild type alleles (PMID: 29220678). Experimental evidence revealed that rs61753230 has a dominant-negative effect on the function of the PEX1- PEX6 complex in peroxisomal matrix protein import (PMID: 29220678).; Changed mode of pathogenicity: Other; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v1.785 PRRX1 Arina Puzriakova Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: Setting MOI to 'Monoallelic' for now as 3 unrelated cases of otocephaly with private heterozygous LoF variants have been reported in literature to date, but only one patient with a homozygous alteration. May be reviewed if evidence of further cases emerges.
Fetal anomalies v1.491 PITX1 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: PITX1 were changed from CONGENITAL CLUBFOOT; HOMEOTIC ARM-TO-LEG TRANSFORMATION ASSOCIATED WITH GENOMIC REARRANGEMENTS AT THE PITX1 LOCUS to Clubfoot, congenital, with or without deficiency of long bones and/or mirror-image polydactyly, OMIM:119800; Clubfoot, MONDO:0007342; Liebenberg syndrome, OMIM:186550; Brachydactyly-elbow wrist dysplasia syndrome, MONDO:0008520
Fetal anomalies v1.434 HIST1H1E Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H1E were changed from Childhood overgrowth to Rahman syndrome, OMIM:617537; Rahman syndrome, MONDO:0044323
Fetal anomalies v1.385 EED Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: EED were changed from Weaver-like overgrowth syndrome to Cohen-Gibson syndrome, OMIM:617561; Cohen-Gibson syndrome, MONDO:0060510
Fetal anomalies v1.205 PITX1 Rhiannon Mellis reviewed gene: PITX1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Clubfoot, congenital, with or without deficiency of long bones and/or mirror-image polydactyly, Liebenberg syndrome; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Fetal anomalies v1.185 AKT2 Rhiannon Mellis gene: AKT2 was added
gene: AKT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AKT2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: AKT2 were set to Hypoinsulinemic hypoglycemia with hemihypertrophy
Review for gene: AKT2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other PanelApp panel (BWS and Overgrowth panel). Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.59 SUZ12 Eleanor Williams Phenotypes for gene: SUZ12 were changed from Weaver-like overgrowth syndrome to Weaver-like overgrowth syndrome; Imagawa-Matsumoto syndrome #618786
Fetal anomalies v0.355 FBN1 Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: Changed MOI from 'Both AD + AR' to 'MONOALLELIC' only to match current DDG2P Allelic requirement of 'monoallelic' for all confirmed disorders (SHPRINTZEN-GOLDBERG CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS SYNDROME; MARFAN SYNDROME; MASS SYNDROME/OVERLAP CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE).
Fetal anomalies v0.311 GATA2 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: GATA2: Added comment: This gene was reviewed by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team) and Sahar Mansour. Outcome of review: Sahar has seen hydrops in Emberger syndrome - Green.; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.311 DNMT3A Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: DNMT3A: Added comment: This gene was re-reviewed in a consistency check by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team), and at a Fetal Working Group call on July 19th 2019 by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Richard Scott, Rhiannon Mellis, Rebecca Foulger and Ellen McDonagh. Outcome of review: ASD, umbilical hernia, overgrowth. Therefore promote from Red to Green.; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.192 SUZ12 Rebecca Foulger gene: SUZ12 was added
gene: SUZ12 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Green
Mode of inheritance for gene: SUZ12 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: SUZ12 were set to 30019515; 28229514
Phenotypes for gene: SUZ12 were set to Weaver-like overgrowth syndrome
Fetal anomalies v0.110 TIMM8A Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: TIMM8A: Changed rating to Amber to reflect DDG2P Disease confidence of 'DD and IF' for JENSEN SYNDROME; MOHR-TRANEBJAERG SYNDROME.
Fetal anomalies v0.110 LMNA Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: LMNA: Changed rating to Amber to reflect DDG2P Disease confidence of 'DD and IF' for CARDIOMYOPATHY DILATED TYPE 1A; CARDIOMYOPATHY DILATED WITH HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM; FAMILIAL PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY TYPE 2; CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE TYPE 2B1; HUTCHINSON-GILFORD PROGERIA SYNDROME; MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY CONGENITAL LMNA-RELATED; MANDIBULOACRAL DYSPLASIA WITH TYPE A LIPODYSTROPHY; EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY TYPE 2; LIMB-GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY TYPE 1B; LETHAL TIGHT SKIN CONTRACTURE SYNDROME; HEART-HAND SYNDROME SLOVENIAN TYPE.
Fetal anomalies v0.63 AKT3 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: AKT3: Added comment: Additional details for change of rating from Amber ('probable' PAGE rating) to Green: Phenotype is fetally-relevant, and rated Green on the 'Hydrocephalus', 'Malformations of cortical development' and 'Segmental overgrowth disorders' panels. Sufficient evidence to support causation: 3 AKT3 variants and multiple unrelated cases documented on OMIM to support association with 'Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 2, 615937'.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed phenotypes: Megalencephaly-polymicrogyria-polydactyly-hydrocephalus syndrome 2, 615937
Fetal anomalies v0.9 SKI Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: SKI: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SHPRINTZEN-GOLDBERG CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.9 PIK3CA Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: PIK3CA: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for CLOVES: CONGENITAL LIPOMATOUS OVERGROWTH, VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS, AND EPIDERMAL NEVI, Confirmed for HEMIMEGALENCEPHALY PIK3CA and Confirmed for MEGALENCEPHALY-CAPILLARY MALFORMATION-POLYMICROGYRIA SYNDROME, SOMATIC 3.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 LIAS Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: LIAS: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for Neonatal-onset epilepsy, defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, and glycine elevation
Fetal anomalies v0.9 FBN1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: FBN1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for biallelic and monoallelic MARFAN SYNDROME, Confirmed for SHPRINTZEN-GOLDBERG CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS SYNDROME, and Confirmed for MASS SYNDROME/OVERLAP CONNECTIVE TISSUE DISEASE.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 EED Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: EED: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for Weaver-like overgrowth syndrome
Fetal anomalies v0.7 LMNA Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: LMNA: Rating in original PAGE file: 'both DD and IF' for CARDIOMYOPATHY DILATED TYPE 1A, CARDIOMYOPATHY DILATED WITH HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM, FAMILIAL PARTIAL LIPODYSTROPHY TYPE 2, CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE TYPE 2B1, HUTCHINSON-GILFORD PROGERIA SYNDROME, MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY CONGENITAL LMNA-RELATED, MANDIBULOACRAL DYSPLASIA WITH TYPE A LIPODYSTROPHY, EMERY-DREIFUSS MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY TYPE 2, LIMB-GIRDLE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY TYPE 1B, LETHAL TIGHT SKIN CONTRACTURE SYNDROME and HEART-HAND SYNDROME SLOVENIAN TYPE.
Fetal anomalies v0.3 PIK3CA Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: PIK3CA: Mosaicism tag added based on original PAGE file which records Mosaic MOI for CLOVES: CONGENITAL LIPOMATOUS OVERGROWTH, VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS, AND EPIDERMAL NEVI, HEMIMEGALENCEPHALY PIK3CA and MEGALENCEPHALY-CAPILLARY MALFORMATION-POLYMICROGYRIA SYNDROME, SOMATIC 3.
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TIMM8A Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MOHR-TRANEBJAERG SYNDROME for gene: TIMM8A
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SKI Rebecca Foulger gene: SKI was added
gene: SKI was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SKI was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: SKI were set to SHPRINTZEN-GOLDBERG CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SETD2 Rebecca Foulger gene: SETD2 was added
gene: SETD2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: SETD2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: SETD2 were set to SETD2-associated Overgrowth Syndrome
Fetal anomalies v0.1 POMGNT2 Rebecca Foulger gene: POMGNT2 was added
gene: POMGNT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: POMGNT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: POMGNT2 were set to WALKER WARBERG SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PIK3CA Rebecca Foulger gene: PIK3CA was added
gene: PIK3CA was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PIK3CA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: PIK3CA were set to CLOVES: CONGENITAL LIPOMATOUS OVERGROWTH, VASCULAR MALFORMATIONS, AND EPIDERMAL NEVI
Fetal anomalies v0.1 LMNA Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes CARDIOMYOPATHY DILATED WITH HYPERGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM for gene: LMNA
Fetal anomalies v0.1 LIAS Rebecca Foulger gene: LIAS was added
gene: LIAS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: LIAS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: LIAS were set to Neonatal-onset epilepsy, defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, and glycine elevation
Fetal anomalies v0.1 KIF1BP Rebecca Foulger gene: KIF1BP was added
gene: KIF1BP was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF1BP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: KIF1BP were set to GOLDBERG-SHPRINTZEN MEGACOLON SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 HIST1H1E Rebecca Foulger gene: HIST1H1E was added
gene: HIST1H1E was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: HIST1H1E was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: HIST1H1E were set to Childhood overgrowth
Fetal anomalies v0.1 GATA2 Rebecca Foulger gene: GATA2 was added
gene: GATA2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: GATA2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: GATA2 were set to EMBERGER SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FBN1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes SHPRINTZEN-GOLDBERG CRANIOSYNOSTOSIS SYNDROME for gene: FBN1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 EED Rebecca Foulger gene: EED was added
gene: EED was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: EED was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: EED were set to Weaver-like overgrowth syndrome
Fetal anomalies v0.1 DSG1 Rebecca Foulger gene: DSG1 was added
gene: DSG1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: DSG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: DSG1 were set to SEVERE DERMATITIS, MULTIPLE ALLERGIES AND METABOLIC WASTING
Fetal anomalies v0.1 DNMT3A Rebecca Foulger gene: DNMT3A was added
gene: DNMT3A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: DNMT3A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: DNMT3A were set to OVERGROWTH SYNDROME WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY