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Fetal anomalies v6.29 NFASC Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: NFASC: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance:
Fetal anomalies v6.28 NFASC Natalie Bibb commented on gene: NFASC: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings in June & July 2025. The meetings included representatives of the North Thames and Central & South R21 testing GLHs and from the R21 Clinical Oversight Group. Clinical review and curation was performed by Natalie Chandler & Elizabeth Scotchman (North Thames GLH), Natalie Bibb, Stephanie Allen & Sarah Graham (Central & South GLH) and Alice Gardham, Esther Kinning, Vicki Harrison, Anna DeBurca, Natalie Canham, Elizabeth Wall, Sunayna Best, Soo-Mi Park & Sahar Mansour (R21 Clinical Oversight Group).
Fetal anomalies v6.24 NFASC Natalie Bibb reviewed gene: NFASC: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 39891418; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.21 NFASC Arina Puzriakova gene: NFASC was added
gene: NFASC was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red
Mode of inheritance for gene: NFASC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: NFASC were set to 39891418
Phenotypes for gene: NFASC were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with central and peripheral motor dysfunction
Fetal anomalies v5.78 FAS Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Tag Q1_25_ NHS_review was removed from gene: FAS.
Tag Q1_25_ promote_green was removed from gene: FAS.
Fetal anomalies v5.78 FAS Achchuthan Shanmugasundram edited their review of gene: FAS: Added comment: The rating of this gene has been updated to green and the mode of inheritance set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal following NHS Genomic Medicine Service approval.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.77 FAS Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source Expert Review Green was added to FAS.
Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Green List (high evidence)
Fetal anomalies v5.74 FAS Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Tag Q1_25_ NHS_review tag was added to gene: FAS.
Tag Q1_25_ promote_green tag was added to gene: FAS.
Fetal anomalies v5.16 FAS Achchuthan Shanmugasundram commented on gene: FAS
Fetal anomalies v5.15 FAS Sarah Graham reviewed gene: FAS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 39384643; Phenotypes: Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, type IA, MIM#601859; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.13 FAS Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: FAS was added
gene: FAS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: FAS was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FAS were set to 39384643
Phenotypes for gene: FAS were set to Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome, type IA, OMIM:601859
Fetal anomalies v2.3 CHRNE Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: CHRNE were changed from Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4A, slow-channel, 605809; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4B, fast-channel, 616324; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4C, associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency, 608931 to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4A, slow-channel, OMIM:605809; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4B, fast-channel, OMIM:616324; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4C, associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency, OMIM:608931
Fetal anomalies v1.275 MYL1 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: MYL1 were changed from Myopathy, congenital, with fast-twitch (type II) fiber atrophy to Myopathy, congenital, with fast-twitch (type II) fiber atrophy, OMIM:618414; Congenital myopathy with reduced type 2 muscle fibers, MONDO:0034109
Fetal anomalies v1.229 CHRNE Rhiannon Mellis gene: CHRNE was added
gene: CHRNE was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: CHRNE was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CHRNE were set to Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4A, slow-channel, 605809; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4B, fast-channel, 616324; Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 4C, associated with acetylcholine receptor deficiency, 608931
Review for gene: CHRNE was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.

Green on related panel(s): Arthrogryposis; Neuromuscular disorders

Additional comment: Phenotype on OMIM reported as including arthrogryposis multiplex in severe cases. Decreased fetal movements in some cases.
Sources: Expert list
Fetal anomalies v1.214 MYL1 Rhiannon Mellis gene: MYL1 was added
gene: MYL1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MYL1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MYL1 were set to PMID: 30215711
Phenotypes for gene: MYL1 were set to Myopathy, congenital, with fast-twitch (type II) fiber atrophy
Review for gene: MYL1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.

Green on related panel(s): Arthrogryposis; Neuromuscular disorders

Additional comment: Predominant phenotype is severe hypotonia and respiratory failure from birth. 2 patients are reported: one had polyhydramnios and normal fetal movements, with mild flexion contractures at birth. The other had normal liquor volume, reduced fetal movements, no contractures. (PMID: 30215711). But severe neonatal phenotype so include as relevant.
Sources: Expert list
Fetal anomalies v1.94 TOGARAM1 Arina Puzriakova gene: TOGARAM1 was added
gene: TOGARAM1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TOGARAM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TOGARAM1 were set to 32747439
Phenotypes for gene: TOGARAM1 were set to Cleft of the lip and palate; Microphthalmia; Cerebral dysgenesis; Hydrocephalus
Added comment: PMID: 32747439 (2020) - Novel gene-disease association. In two sibling fetuses with a malformation disorder characterised by microcephaly, severe cleft lip and palate, microphthalmia, and brain anomalies, WES revealed compound heterozygous variants ([c.1102C>T, p.Arg368Trp] and [c.3619C>T, p.Arg1207*]) in the TOGARAM1 gene.

Functional analysis of the missense variant in a C. elegans model showed impaired lipophilic dye uptake, with shorter and altered cilia in sensory neurons. In vitro analysis revealed faster microtubule polymerisation compared to wild-type, suggesting aberrant tubulin binding.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v0.1 DHH Rebecca Foulger gene: DHH was added
gene: DHH was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE Additional Gene List,Expert Review Red
Mode of inheritance for gene: DHH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: DHH were set to 46XY partial gonadal dysgenesis, with minifascicular neuropathy