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Fetal anomalies v6.121 GNS Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Tag Q3_25_NHS_review was removed from gene: GNS.
Tag Q3_25_demote_amber was removed from gene: GNS.
Fetal anomalies v6.120 GNS Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: GNS: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance:
Fetal anomalies v6.119 GNS Arina Puzriakova Source Expert Review Amber was added to GNS.
Source NHS GMS was added to GNS.
Rating Changed from Green List (high evidence) to Amber List (moderate evidence)
Fetal anomalies v6.112 DISP1 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1. Among fetal cases, there are only 2 biallelic cases with DISP1 variants alone. Other individuals harboured biallelic variants in DISP1, as well as potentially pathogenic variants in other genes. Digenic inheritance appears to be common for this condition.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).; to: PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.112 DISP1 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: MOI should be set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal. There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).; to: There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1. Among fetal cases, there are only 2 biallelic cases with DISP1 variants alone. Other individuals harboured biallelic variants in DISP1, as well as potentially pathogenic variants in other genes. Digenic inheritance appears to be common for this condition.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.101 DISP1 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: MOI should be set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal. There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).; to: MOI should be set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal. There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.29 GNS Arina Puzriakova Tag Q3_25_NHS_review tag was added to gene: GNS.
Tag Q3_25_demote_amber tag was added to gene: GNS.
Fetal anomalies v6.29 GNS Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: GNS: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance:
Fetal anomalies v6.28 GNS Sarah Graham commented on gene: GNS: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings in June & July 2025. The meetings included representatives of the North Thames and Central & South R21 testing GLHs and from the R21 Clinical Oversight Group. Clinical review and curation was performed by Natalie Chandler & Elizabeth Scotchman (North Thames GLH), Natalie Bibb, Stephanie Allen & Sarah Graham (Central & South GLH) and Alice Gardham, Esther Kinning, Vicki Harrison, Anna DeBurca, Natalie Canham, Elizabeth Wall, Sunayna Best, Soo-Mi Park & Sahar Mansour (R21 Clinical Oversight Group).
Fetal anomalies v6.24 GNS Sarah Graham reviewed gene: GNS: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID, OMIM:252940; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.21 GNS Arina Puzriakova Added phenotypes Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID, OMIM:252940 for gene: GNS
Fetal anomalies v6.20 GNS Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: GNS were changed from MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS TYPE 3D to Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIID, OMIM:252940
Fetal anomalies v0.328 VDR Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on list classification: Demoted rating from Green to Amber following discussions with Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team) and Rhiannon Mellis (Great Ormond Street). As Anna and Rhiannon note: rickets due to VDR could theoretically present in a fetus of a homozygous mother, as Melita suggested, but it would actually be caused by the mother’s vitamin D status irrespective of the baby’s genotype. Therefore, rather than performing a fetal exome, it would be better investigating the mother, who would have clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities in her own right.
Fetal anomalies v0.284 MYRF Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on list classification: Updated rating from Grey to Green. MYRF gene was added to the panel and reviewed by Julia Baptista. Sufficient cases to support MYRF variants causing Cardiac-urogenital syndrome (MIM:618280) from Pinz et al 2018 (PMID:29446546), Chitayat et al., (PMID:30070761), Qi et al.,2018 (PMID:30532227) and Rossetti et al., 2019 (PMID: 31069960). The phenotype is fetally-relevant (includes congenital diaphragmatic hernia/CDH, genital defects and cardiac defects) with multiple papers reporting detection in-utero: In both patients identified in Pinz et al 2018, anomalies were detected by ultrasound at 20 weeks gestation: mesocardia without other signs of heterotaxy (Patient 1), and a complex congenital heart defect with pericardial effusion (Patient 2). Chitayat et al., report a fetus with a novel de novo LOF variant in MYRF and a hypoplastic left heart and female external genitalia. In Rossetti et al., 2019, cardiac malformation and/or CDH was detected on a prenatal ultrasound.
Fetal anomalies v0.197 SPTBN2 Rebecca Foulger Phenotypes for gene: SPTBN2 were changed from SCA14; Infantile ataxia with oculomotor and pyramidal signs; Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 14, 615386 to SCA14; Infantile ataxia with oculomotor and pyramidal signs; Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 14, 615386
Fetal anomalies v0.196 SPTBN2 Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: Two new disorders added to DD-G2P in March 2019, with different modes of inheritance: biallelic for SCA14, and monoallelic for Infantile ataxia with oculomotor and pyramidal signs. Set inheritance to 'biallelic' only because biallelic 'SCA14' disorder is confirmed, and monoallelic 'Infantile ataxia with oculomotor and pyramidal signs' disorder is probable.
Fetal anomalies v0.195 SPTBN2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: SPTBN2: Added 'watchlist' tag to highlight multiple Disease confidence ratings in DD-G2P. Rated confirmed for biallelic SCA14. Rated probable for Infantile ataxia with oculomotor and pyramidal signs.
Fetal anomalies v0.192 SPTBN2 Rebecca Foulger gene: SPTBN2 was added
gene: SPTBN2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Green
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPTBN2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SPTBN2 were set to 29196973; 28636205
Phenotypes for gene: SPTBN2 were set to SCA14; Infantile ataxia with oculomotor and pyramidal signs; Spinocerebellar ataxia, autosomal recessive 14, 615386
Fetal anomalies v0.134 GNS Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: GNS: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: keep on the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.9 GNS Rebecca Foulger reviewed gene: GNS: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance:
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MICU1 Rebecca Foulger gene: MICU1 was added
gene: MICU1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MICU1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MICU1 were set to MYOPATHY WITH EXTRAPYRAMIDAL SIGNS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 GNS Rebecca Foulger gene: GNS was added
gene: GNS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: GNS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: GNS were set to MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS TYPE 3D