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Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v4.13 SLC26A1 Sarah Leigh reviewed gene: SLC26A1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: None
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v4.13 SLC26A1 Sarah Leigh Classified gene: SLC26A1 as Red List (low evidence)
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v4.13 SLC26A1 Sarah Leigh Gene: slc26a1 has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v4.12 SLC26A1 Sarah Leigh Publications for gene: SLC26A1 were set to 27210743; 20160351; 30383413; 27125215; 24250268
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v4.1 SLC26A1 Detlef Bockenhauer reviewed gene: SLC26A1: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 36719378; Phenotypes: hyperoxaluria; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.9 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams Publications for gene: SLC26A1 were set to 27210743; 20160351; 30383413; 27125215
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.8 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams Publications for gene: SLC26A1 were set to 27210743; 27210743; 20160351; 30383413; 27125215
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.7 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams Publications for gene: SLC26A1 were set to 27210743; 27210743; 20160351
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.6 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams Classified gene: SLC26A1 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.6 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams Added comment: Comment on list classification: Changing rating from grey to amber. Although there are several reported cases there is also evidence that the reported variants are not causative.
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.6 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams Gene: slc26a1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.5 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams Classified gene: SLC26A1 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.5 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams Added comment: Comment on list classification: Changing rating from grey to amber. Although there are several reported cases there is also evidence that the reported variants are not causative.
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.5 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams Gene: slc26a1 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.4 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Provisionally associated with ?Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate #167030 (AR) in OMIM.

PMID: 30383413 - Whittamore et al 2019 - were unable to were unable to reproduce the hyperoxaluria, hyperoxalemia, and urolithiasis of the original SAT-1-KO mouse model.

PMID: 27125215 - Wu et al 2016 - report that Human SLC26A1-mediated anion exchange differs from that of its rodent orthologs. Also using Xenopus oocytes they find that the C41W, A56T (also reported by Gee et al) variants found in a Mexican child with recessive proximal tubular Fanconi Syndrome and the Q566R and M132T variants from Dawson et al 2013 did not alter the functional properties tested of SLC26A1 and so the proposal that these are pathogenic variants for Renal Fanconi Syndrome disease or nephrolithiasis is NOT supported.

PMID: 27210743 - Gee et al 2016 - report 2 unrelated individuals. Case 1 - individual of Macedonian descent (A3054-21) who is from non-consanguineous parents and clinically presented with acute renal failure due to bilateral obstructive calculi, nephrocalcinosis, and bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Two compound heterozygous missense mutations (c.554C>T, p.Thr185Met and c.1073C>T, p.Ser358Leu) in SLC26A1 are reported. They have minor allele freq below 0.0006 in dbSNP. Case 2 - European-American boy (B641-12) who had nephrolithiasis and was born to consanguineous parents. A homozygous missense mutation (c.166G>A, p.Ala56Thr) in SLC26A1 was found. Its minor allele frequency is 0.0002 in dbSNP.

PMID: 24250268 - Dawson et al 2013 - screened the SLC26A1 gene in a cohort of 13 individuals with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Found one individual was heterozygous R372H; 4 individuals were heterozygous Q556R; one patient was homozygous Q556R; and one patient with severe nephrocalcinosis (requiring nephrectomy) was homozygous Q556R and heterozygous M132T. The Q556R variant is found at a high allele frequency (0.3484 in NCBI).

PMID: 20160351 - Dawson et al 2010 - Sat1-/- mice (SLC26A1) exhibited hyperoxaluria with hyperoxalemia, nephrocalcinosis, and calcium oxalate stones in their renal tubules and bladder.

Summary:
Although there are 3+ cases (2 biallelic in Gee et al, 3 monalleleic and 2 biallelic in Dawson et al 2013), plus a mouse model (Dawson et all 2010), the high minor allele frequency of the Q556R variant and the lack of altered function in protein with the A56T and M132T variants (Wu et al), and the lack of reproducibility of the mouse model phenotype cast doubt on the causative role of these variants. Therefore this gene should be rated amber until more evidence for their role in nephrocalcinosis can be established.; to: Provisionally associated with ?Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate #167030 (AR) in OMIM.

PMID: 30383413 - Whittamore et al 2019 - were unable to reproduce the hyperoxaluria, hyperoxalemia, and urolithiasis of the original SAT-1-KO mouse model.

PMID: 27125215 - Wu et al 2016 - report that Human SLC26A1-mediated anion exchange differs from that of its rodent orthologs. Also using Xenopus oocytes they find that the C41W, A56T (also reported by Gee et al) variants found in a Mexican child with recessive proximal tubular Fanconi Syndrome and the Q566R and M132T variants from Dawson et al 2013 did not alter the functional properties tested of SLC26A1 and so the proposal that these are pathogenic variants for Renal Fanconi Syndrome disease or nephrolithiasis is NOT supported.

PMID: 27210743 - Gee et al 2016 - report 2 unrelated individuals. Case 1 - individual of Macedonian descent (A3054-21) who is from non-consanguineous parents and clinically presented with acute renal failure due to bilateral obstructive calculi, nephrocalcinosis, and bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Two compound heterozygous missense mutations (c.554C>T, p.Thr185Met and c.1073C>T, p.Ser358Leu) in SLC26A1 are reported. They have minor allele freq below 0.0006 in dbSNP. Case 2 - European-American boy (B641-12) who had nephrolithiasis and was born to consanguineous parents. A homozygous missense mutation (c.166G>A, p.Ala56Thr) in SLC26A1 was found. Its minor allele frequency is 0.0002 in dbSNP.

PMID: 24250268 - Dawson et al 2013 - screened the SLC26A1 gene in a cohort of 13 individuals with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Found one individual was heterozygous R372H; 4 individuals were heterozygous Q556R; one patient was homozygous Q556R; and one patient with severe nephrocalcinosis (requiring nephrectomy) was homozygous Q556R and heterozygous M132T. The Q556R variant is found at a high allele frequency (0.3484 in NCBI).

PMID: 20160351 - Dawson et al 2010 - Sat1-/- mice (SLC26A1) exhibited hyperoxaluria with hyperoxalemia, nephrocalcinosis, and calcium oxalate stones in their renal tubules and bladder.

Summary:
Although there are 3+ cases (2 biallelic in Gee et al, 3 monalleleic and 2 biallelic in Dawson et al 2013), plus a mouse model (Dawson et all 2010), the high minor allele frequency of the Q556R variant and the lack of altered function in protein with the A56T and M132T variants (Wu et al), and the lack of reproducibility of the mouse model phenotype cast doubt on the causative role of these variants. Therefore this gene should be rated amber until more evidence for their role in nephrocalcinosis can be established.
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.4 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Provisionally associated with ?Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate #167030 (AR) in OMIM.

PMID: 27125215 - Wu et al 2016 - report that Human SLC26A1-mediated anion exchange differs from that of its rodent orthologs. Also using Xenopus oocytes they find that the C41W, A56T (also reported by Gee et al) variants found in a Mexican child with recessive proximal tubular Fanconi Syndrome and the Q566R and M132T variants from Dawson et al 2013 did not alter the functional properties tested of SLC26A1 and so the proposal that these are pathogenic variants for Renal Fanconi Syndrome disease or nephrolithiasis is NOT supported.

PMID: 27210743 - Gee et al 2016 - report 2 unrelated individuals. Case 1 - individual of Macedonian descent (A3054-21) who is from non-consanguineous parents and clinically presented with acute renal failure due to bilateral obstructive calculi, nephrocalcinosis, and bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Two compound heterozygous missense mutations (c.554C>T, p.Thr185Met and c.1073C>T, p.Ser358Leu) in SLC26A1 are reported. They have minor allele freq below 0.0006 in dbSNP. Case 2 - European-American boy (B641-12) who had nephrolithiasis and was born to consanguineous parents. A homozygous missense mutation (c.166G>A, p.Ala56Thr) in SLC26A1 was found. Its minor allele frequency is 0.0002 in dbSNP.

PMID: 24250268 - Dawson et al 2013 - screened the SLC26A1 gene in a cohort of 13 individuals with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Found one individual was heterozygous R372H; 4 individuals were heterozygous Q556R; one patient was homozygous Q556R; and one patient with severe nephrocalcinosis (requiring nephrectomy) was homozygous Q556R and heterozygous M132T. The Q556R variant is found at a high allele frequency (0.3484 in NCBI).

PMID: 20160351 - Dawson et al 2010 - Sat1-/- mice (SLC26A1) exhibited hyperoxaluria with hyperoxalemia, nephrocalcinosis, and calcium oxalate stones in their renal tubules and bladder.

Summary:
Although there are 3+ cases (2 biallelic in Gee et al, 3 monalleleic and 2 biallelic in Dawson et al 2013), plus a mouse model (Dawson et all 2010), the minor allele frequency of the Q556R variant and the lack of altered function for when protein with the A56T and M132T variants are expressed (Wu et al) cast doubt on the causative role of these variants. Therefore this gene should be rated amber until more evidence for their role in nephrocalcinosis can be established.; to: Provisionally associated with ?Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate #167030 (AR) in OMIM.

PMID: 30383413 - Whittamore et al 2019 - were unable to were unable to reproduce the hyperoxaluria, hyperoxalemia, and urolithiasis of the original SAT-1-KO mouse model.

PMID: 27125215 - Wu et al 2016 - report that Human SLC26A1-mediated anion exchange differs from that of its rodent orthologs. Also using Xenopus oocytes they find that the C41W, A56T (also reported by Gee et al) variants found in a Mexican child with recessive proximal tubular Fanconi Syndrome and the Q566R and M132T variants from Dawson et al 2013 did not alter the functional properties tested of SLC26A1 and so the proposal that these are pathogenic variants for Renal Fanconi Syndrome disease or nephrolithiasis is NOT supported.

PMID: 27210743 - Gee et al 2016 - report 2 unrelated individuals. Case 1 - individual of Macedonian descent (A3054-21) who is from non-consanguineous parents and clinically presented with acute renal failure due to bilateral obstructive calculi, nephrocalcinosis, and bilateral ureteropelvic junction obstruction. Two compound heterozygous missense mutations (c.554C>T, p.Thr185Met and c.1073C>T, p.Ser358Leu) in SLC26A1 are reported. They have minor allele freq below 0.0006 in dbSNP. Case 2 - European-American boy (B641-12) who had nephrolithiasis and was born to consanguineous parents. A homozygous missense mutation (c.166G>A, p.Ala56Thr) in SLC26A1 was found. Its minor allele frequency is 0.0002 in dbSNP.

PMID: 24250268 - Dawson et al 2013 - screened the SLC26A1 gene in a cohort of 13 individuals with recurrent calcium oxalate urolithiasis. Found one individual was heterozygous R372H; 4 individuals were heterozygous Q556R; one patient was homozygous Q556R; and one patient with severe nephrocalcinosis (requiring nephrectomy) was homozygous Q556R and heterozygous M132T. The Q556R variant is found at a high allele frequency (0.3484 in NCBI).

PMID: 20160351 - Dawson et al 2010 - Sat1-/- mice (SLC26A1) exhibited hyperoxaluria with hyperoxalemia, nephrocalcinosis, and calcium oxalate stones in their renal tubules and bladder.

Summary:
Although there are 3+ cases (2 biallelic in Gee et al, 3 monalleleic and 2 biallelic in Dawson et al 2013), plus a mouse model (Dawson et all 2010), the high minor allele frequency of the Q556R variant and the lack of altered function in protein with the A56T and M132T variants (Wu et al), and the lack of reproducibility of the mouse model phenotype cast doubt on the causative role of these variants. Therefore this gene should be rated amber until more evidence for their role in nephrocalcinosis can be established.
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.4 SLC26A1 Eleanor Williams commented on gene: SLC26A1
Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis v2.0 SLC26A1 Zornitza Stark gene: SLC26A1 was added
gene: SLC26A1 was added to Nephrocalcinosis or nephrolithiasis. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC26A1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC26A1 were set to 27210743; 27210743; 20160351
Phenotypes for gene: SLC26A1 were set to Nephrolithiasis, calcium oxalate, MIM#167030
Review for gene: SLC26A1 was set to GREEN
gene: SLC26A1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: Three unrelated families and a mouse model.
Sources: Expert list