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Fetal anomalies v6.193 SNAPIN Eleanor Williams Phenotypes for gene: SNAPIN were changed from neurodevelopmental disorder; Neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain abnormalities and craniofacial abnormalities, OMIM:621393 to neurodevelopmental disorder; Neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain abnormalities and craniofacial abnormalities, OMIM:621393; neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain abnormalities and craniofacial abnormalities, MONDO:0980710
Fetal anomalies v6.189 SNAPIN Ida Ertmanska Tag Q1_26_promote_green was removed from gene: SNAPIN.
Fetal anomalies v6.152 SNAPIN Arina Puzriakova Added phenotypes neurodevelopmental disorder for gene: SNAPIN
Fetal anomalies v6.149 SNAPIN Arina Puzriakova commented on gene: SNAPIN: The rating of this gene has been updated to Green following NHS Genomic Medicine Service approval.
Fetal anomalies v6.148 SNAPIN Arina Puzriakova commented on gene: SNAPIN: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings between November 2025 & January 2026. The meetings included representatives of the Central & South and North Thames R21 testing GLHs and from the R21 Clinical Oversight Group. Clinical review and curation was performed by Stephanie Allen, Elizabeth Young and Sarah Graham (Central & South GLH), Natalie Chandler and Elizabeth Scotchman (North Thames GLH), and Tazeen Ashraf, Anna De Burca, Natalie Canham, Samantha Doyle, Alice Gardham, Victoria Harrison, Tessa Homfray, Esther Kinning, and Soo-Mi Park (R21 Clinical Oversight Group).
Fetal anomalies v6.147 SNAPIN Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: SNAPIN: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 40930097, 26539891; Phenotypes: neurodevelopmental disorder; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.143 SNAPIN Arina Puzriakova Source Expert Review Green was added to SNAPIN.
Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Green List (high evidence)
Fetal anomalies v6.135 SNAPIN Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Classified gene: SNAPIN as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Fetal anomalies v6.135 SNAPIN Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Added comment: Comment on list classification: There are four foetuses from three unrelated families reported with biallelic SNAPIN variants and with neuroanatomical, craniofacial, and skeletal anomalies on prenatal ultrasound/MRI. Hence, this gene can be promoted to green rating in the next GMS update.
Fetal anomalies v6.135 SNAPIN Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Gene: snapin has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Fetal anomalies v6.134 SNAPIN Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Tag Q1_26_promote_green tag was added to gene: SNAPIN.
Fetal anomalies v6.133 SNAPIN Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: SNAPIN was added
gene: SNAPIN was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SNAPIN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SNAPIN were set to 40930097
Phenotypes for gene: SNAPIN were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain abnormalities and craniofacial abnormalities, OMIM:621393
Review for gene: SNAPIN was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID:40930097 (2025) reported six patients from five unrelated families presenting with neuroanatomical, craniofacial, and skeletal anomalies and were identified with homozygous variants in SNAPIN gene. This included four foetuses from three unrelated families (had nonsense or splice site variants - c.91G>T/ p.Glu31Ter, c.144−1G>A & c.112C>T/ p.Gln38Ter) and two unrelated patients aged eight years old and one year old (had missense variants - c.147G>C/ p.Glu49Asp & c.163C>T/ p.Arg55Trp). One of the foetuses had intrauterine demise at 26 weeks' gestation, and the other 3 pregnancies ended in termination.

Brain abnormalities in the patients included ventriculomegaly (5/6), cerebellar hypoplasia/ atrophy (5/6) and corpus callosum agenesis (4/6). The other phenotypes included clubfeet (4/6), flexion contractures (4/6), microcephaly (3/6) and micrognathia/retrognathia (4/6).

Functional evidence is also available from zebrafish gene ablation models, which recapitulated human-relevant disease phenotypes.

This gene has been associated with relevant phenotype in OMIM (MIM #621393, last accessed on 02 January 2026), but not yet in Gene2Phenotype or ClinGen.
Sources: Literature