Activity
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v4.1 | FLG |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and/or symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). Heterozygous individuals also have an increased susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (PMID: 16550169 Palmer et al., 2006). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma.; to: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and/or symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). Heterozygous individuals also have an increased susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (PMID: 16550169 Palmer et al., 2006). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v4.1 | FLG |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and/or symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). Heterozygous individuals also have an increased susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (PMID: 16550169 Palmer et al., 2006). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma.; to: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and/or symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). Heterozygous individuals also have an increased susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (PMID: 16550169 Palmer et al., 2006). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v4.1 | FLG |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and/or symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). Heterozygous individuals also have an increased susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (PMID: 16550169 Palmer et al., 2006). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma.; to: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and/or symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). Heterozygous individuals also have an increased susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (PMID: 16550169 Palmer et al., 2006). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v4.1 | FLG |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and/or symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma.; to: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and/or symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). Heterozygous individuals also have an increased susceptibility to atopic dermatitis (PMID: 16550169 Palmer et al., 2006). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v4.1 | FLG |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma.; to: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and/or symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v4.1 | FLG |
Ida Ertmanska commented on gene: FLG: There are at least 42 unrelated patients with variants in FLG with ichthyosis vulgaris and symmetrical acral keratoderma, which fits into the scope of this panel. Ichthyosis vulgaris is characterized clinically by xerosis, hyperkeratosis, excess scaling, keratosis pilaris, palmar and plantar hyperlinearity, and a strong association with atopic disorders. The penetrance of ichthyosis vulgaris is estimated at 83%–96%, with variable severity of symptoms; mild phenotype may escape diagnosis. Majority of affected individuals will experience symptoms before age 5. Importantly, the frequency and type of variants associated with disease varies between ancestry groups (PMID: 36751330 Jaffar et al., 2022). PMID:16444271 Smith et al., 2006: 7 unrelated families and 8 sporadic cases of Caucasian ancestry with Ichthyosis vulgaris who were heterozygous or homozygous for a stop codon c.1501C>T (p.Arg501Ter), or compound heterozygous for this variant and a frameshift variant c.2282_2285del (p.Ser761fs). Homozygous/compound heterozygous cases had a more severe phenotype. c.1501C>T p.(Arg501Ter) - European population frequency in gnomAD v4.1.0 = 0.02138, including 296 homozygotes. c.2282_2285del p.(Ser761fs) - European population freq in gnomad V.4.1.0 = 0.02330, including 386 homozygotes. PMID: 33807935 Fozia et al., 2021: Family D, Pakistani origin, consanguineous; phenotype: congenital erythroderma, ichthyosis vulgaris; method: WES; 3 affected members homozygous FLG: c.6109C>T; p. (Arg2037Ter) - gnomAD South Asian pop freq = 0.001164, 3 homozygotes. Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma (SAK) is a rare skin condition, more common in young Asian men, characterized by symmetrical, brownish-black, thickened skin patches (plaques) on the hands, feet, and wrists, with occasional involvement of elbows and knees (sparing the palms and soles). PMID:36716921 Liu et al., 2023: 33 of the 36 patients with SAK carried pathogenic variants in the FLG. Method: WES +Sanger validation. 20/36 of the individuals had ichthyosis vulgaris in addition to Symmetrical Acral Keratoderma. Functional studies: Knockdown of FLG in three-dimensional reconstructed human epidermis (RHE) showed hypogranulosis, a disturbed corneocyte intracellular matrix, impaired keratinocyte differentiation (PMID: 24940654 Pendaries et al., 2014). Newborn Flg(-/-) knockout mice exhibit dry scaly skin. The keratin patterns were lost, and the stratum corneum was fragile, leading to altered skin barrier integrity (PMID: 22409988 Kawasaki et al., 2012). Based on the available evidence, this gene should be rated Green for Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v3.27 | DBR1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: Comment on list classification: As reviewed by Zornitza Stark, the same variant was identified in four different families and haplotype analysis suggests this to be a founder variant.; to: Comment on list classification: As reviewed by Zornitza Stark, the same variant was identified in four different families and haplotype analysis suggests this to be a founder variant. There is functional data available. This gene can only be rated amber with the current evidence. The 'founder-effect' tag is added to this gene. |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v3.27 | DBR1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Added comment: Comment on list classification: As reviewed by Zornitza Stark, the same variant was identified in four different families and haplotype analysis suggests this to be a founder variant. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v3.3 | DBR1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DBR1 was added gene: DBR1 was added to Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DBR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: DBR1 were set to 37656279 Phenotypes for gene: DBR1 were set to Ichthyosis (MONDO#0019269), DBR1-related Review for gene: DBR1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 37656279: - A homozygous missense as a founder recessive DBR1 variant in four consanguineous families. - Total of 7 affected children. WES done for one proband from each family. - Consistent features include prematurity, severe intrauterine growth deficiency, congenital ichthyosis-like presentation (collodion membrane, severe skin peeling and xerosis), and death before the first year of life. - RNA and protein studies using fibroblasts derived from a patient are supportive of pathogenicity: RNA-seq, rt-qPCR and western blotting, showing marked reduction of DBR1 level and intronic RNA lariat accumulation in the patient sample. - Haplotype analysis revealed that the four families all share a haplotype extending at least 2.27 Mb around the c.200A>G p.(Tyr67Cys) DBR1 founder variant. - Authors proposed this is a novel DBR1-related developmental disorder that is distinct from DBR1-related encephalitis susceptibility, and highlighted the apparent lack of correlation with the degree of DBR1 deficiency. Sources: Literature |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v1.55 | STS | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: STS were changed from Ichthyosis, X-linked, 308100 to Ichthyosis, X-linked, OMIM:308100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v1.3 | ASPRV1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: ASPRV1 was added gene: ASPRV1 was added to Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: ASPRV1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: ASPRV1 were set to 32516568 Phenotypes for gene: ASPRV1 were set to palmoplantar keratoderma; lamellar ichthyosis Review for gene: ASPRV1 was set to GREEN gene: ASPRV1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: -3 heterozygous missense variants identified across 4 unrelated kindreds -mutant ASPRV1 expressed in human keratinocytes suggests impaired filaggrin processing Sources: Literature |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v1.3 | PERP |
Zornitza Stark gene: PERP was added gene: PERP was added to Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: PERP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PERP were set to 31898316 Phenotypes for gene: PERP were set to Erythrokeratoderma, no OMIM # yet Review for gene: PERP was set to AMBER Added comment: One extended multiplex consanguineous family with Erythrokeratoderma (striking similarity to that observed in Perp −/− mice), and a novel homozygous variant (c.466G>A; p.Gly156Arg) in PERP that fully segregated with the phenotype. Functional analysis of patient‐ and control‐derived keratinocytes revealed a deleterious effect of the identified variant on the intracellular localization of PERP. A previous report showed that PERP mutation causes a dominant form of keratoderma but a single patient in that report with a homozygous variant in PERP suggests that recessive inheritance is also possible. Sources: Literature |
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| Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma v0.3 | STS |
Ellen McDonagh gene: STS was added gene: STS was added to Ichthyosis and erythrokeratoderma. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: STS was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Phenotypes for gene: STS were set to Ichthyosis, X-linked, 308100 |
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