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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v7.9 | ADCY5 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: ADCY5 were changed from Dyskinesia, familial, with facial myokymia, 606703; dystonia; Familial dyskinesia, 606703 to Dyskinesia with orofacial involvement, autosomal dominant, OMIM:606703; dyskinesia with orofacial involvement, autosomal dominant, MONDO:0800028; Dyskinesia with orofacial involvement, autosomal recessive, OMIM:619647; dyskinesia with orofacial involvement, autosomal recessive, MONDO:0030625; Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia, OMIM:619651; neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia, MONDO:0859211 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v7.7 | ADCY5 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: As previously reported, monoallelic variants in ADCY5 gene are associated with familial dyskinesia with facial myokymia (FDFM), which is an autosomal dominant movement disorder characterised by childhood onset of involuntary choreiform or dystonic movements that involve the limb and facial muscles. There are multiple families reported with this phenotype (MIM #606703). As reviewed by Cassandra Smith, biallelic variants in ADCY5 gene are now associated with disease phenotypes (MIMs #619647 & #619651). Autosomal recessive dyskinesia with orofacial involvement (MIM #619647) is characterised by the onset of abnormal involuntary movements, mainly affecting the limbs and causing walking difficulties, in the first decade. Eight patients from two different families were reported with this phenotype. They were identified with either compound heterozygous (p.Gly137Cysfs*184 & p.Arg1013Cys) or homozygous variants (p.Asp588Asn) in ADCY5 gene. Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia (MIM #619651) is an autosomal recessive complex neurological disorder characterised by severe global developmental delay with axial hypotonia, impaired intellectual development, poor overall growth, and abnormal involuntary hyperkinetic movements, including dystonia, myoclonus, spasticity, and orofacial dyskinesia. It is the most severe manifestation of ADCY5-related dyskinetic disorders. There are five patients from two different families reported with this phenotype and they were identified with homozygous variants (p.Arg1238Trp & c.897+1G>T).; to: As previously reported, monoallelic variants in ADCY5 gene are associated with familial dyskinesia with facial myokymia (FDFM), which is an autosomal dominant movement disorder characterised by childhood onset of involuntary choreiform or dystonic movements that involve the limb and facial muscles. There are multiple families reported with this phenotype (MIM #606703). As reviewed by Cassandra Smith, biallelic variants in ADCY5 gene are now associated with disease phenotypes (MIMs #619647 & #619651). Autosomal recessive dyskinesia with orofacial involvement (MIM #619647) is characterised by the onset of abnormal involuntary movements, mainly affecting the limbs and causing walking difficulties, in the first decade. Eight patients from two different families were reported with this phenotype. They were identified with either compound heterozygous (p.Gly137Cysfs*184 & p.Arg1013Cys) or homozygous variants (p.Asp588Asn) in ADCY5 gene. Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia (MIM #619651) is an autosomal recessive complex neurological disorder characterised by severe global developmental delay with axial hypotonia, impaired intellectual development, poor overall growth, and abnormal involuntary hyperkinetic movements, including dystonia, myoclonus, spasticity, and orofacial dyskinesia. It is the most severe manifestation of ADCY5-related dyskinetic disorders. There are five patients from two different families reported with this phenotype and they were identified with homozygous variants (p.Arg1238Trp & c.897+1G>T). |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v7.7 | ADCY5 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram commented on gene: ADCY5: As previously reported, monoallelic variants in ADCY5 gene are associated with familial dyskinesia with facial myokymia (FDFM), which is an autosomal dominant movement disorder characterised by childhood onset of involuntary choreiform or dystonic movements that involve the limb and facial muscles. There are multiple families reported with this phenotype (MIM #606703). As reviewed by Cassandra Smith, biallelic variants in ADCY5 gene are now associated with disease phenotypes (MIMs #619647 & #619651). Autosomal recessive dyskinesia with orofacial involvement (MIM #619647) is characterised by the onset of abnormal involuntary movements, mainly affecting the limbs and causing walking difficulties, in the first decade. Eight patients from two different families were reported with this phenotype. They were identified with either compound heterozygous (p.Gly137Cysfs*184 & p.Arg1013Cys) or homozygous variants (p.Asp588Asn) in ADCY5 gene. Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia (MIM #619651) is an autosomal recessive complex neurological disorder characterised by severe global developmental delay with axial hypotonia, impaired intellectual development, poor overall growth, and abnormal involuntary hyperkinetic movements, including dystonia, myoclonus, spasticity, and orofacial dyskinesia. It is the most severe manifestation of ADCY5-related dyskinetic disorders. There are five patients from two different families reported with this phenotype and they were identified with homozygous variants (p.Arg1238Trp & c.897+1G>T). |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v7.7 | ADCY5 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: ADCY5: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Dyskinesia with orofacial involvement, autosomal dominant, OMIM:606703, dyskinesia with orofacial involvement, autosomal dominant, MONDO:0800028, Dyskinesia with orofacial involvement, autosomal recessive, OMIM:619647, dyskinesia with orofacial involvement, autosomal recessive, MONDO:0030625, Neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia, OMIM:619651, neurodevelopmental disorder with hyperkinetic movements and dyskinesia, MONDO:0859211; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v7.7 | CACNB4 | Eleanor Williams Phenotypes for gene: CACNB4 were changed from ?Episodic ataxia, type 5, OMIM:613855; episodic ataxia type 5, MONDO:0013464; {Epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 9}, OMIM:607682; {Epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic, susceptibility to, 6}, OMIM:607682; epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 9, MONDO:0011892; neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092 to ?Episodic ataxia, type 5, OMIM:613855; episodic ataxia type 5, MONDO:0013464; {Epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 9}, OMIM:607682; {Epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic, susceptibility to, 6}, OMIM:607682; epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 9, MONDO:0011892; neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v7.5 | CACNB4 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: CACNB4 were changed from EPILEPSY, IDIOPATHIC GENERALIZED, SUSCEPTIBILITY TO, 9; EPISODIC ATAXIA, TYPE 5 to ?Episodic ataxia, type 5, OMIM:613855; episodic ataxia type 5, MONDO:0013464; {Epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 9}, OMIM:607682; {Epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic, susceptibility to, 6}, OMIM:607682; epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 9, MONDO:0011892; neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v7.4 | CACNB4 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: CACNB4: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 10762541, 32176688; Phenotypes: ?Episodic ataxia, type 5, OMIM:613855, episodic ataxia type 5, MONDO:0013464, {Epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 9}, OMIM:607682, {Epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic, susceptibility to, 6}, OMIM:607682, epilepsy, idiopathic generalized, susceptibility to, 9, MONDO:0011892, neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092; Mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v7.4 | TNR |
Arina Puzriakova gene: TNR was added gene: TNR was added to Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Expert list,Expert Review Amber Q3_25_promote_green tags were added to gene: TNR. Mode of inheritance for gene: TNR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TNR were set to 28334938; 32099069 Phenotypes for gene: TNR were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, nonprogressive, with spasticity and transient opisthotonus, OMIM:619653 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v5.8 | FA2H | Eleanor Williams Phenotypes for gene: FA2H were changed from fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration; Dystonia; Spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive 612319 to fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration; Dystonia; Spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive, OMIM:612319; hereditary spastic paraplegia 35, MONDO:0012866 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v3.77 | ACBD6 | Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: ACBD6 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with progressive movement abnormalities, OMIM:620785 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v3.66 | ACBD6 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: ACBD6 was added gene: ACBD6 was added to Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Expert Review Amber Q1_24_promote_green tags were added to gene: ACBD6. Mode of inheritance for gene: ACBD6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ACBD6 were set to 21937992; 32108178; 36457943; 37951597 Phenotypes for gene: ACBD6 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092 Penetrance for gene: ACBD6 were set to Complete |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v3.65 | ASL |
Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) is caused by homozygous mutation in the gene encoding argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Onset is typically in the neonatal period or in late infancy. The association of biallelic variants in ASL and the phenotype of Argininosuccinic aciduria is well established. e.g. PMID: 12384776 - Linnebank et al 2002 - homozygous/compound het variants in ASL in 27 unrelated individuals of different ancestries. No phenotype information is given. They also found a complete homologue of this gene on chr 22 which is predicted to encode an immunoglobulin-lambda-like mRNA. PMID: 17326097 - Trevisson et al 2007 - report homozygous/compound het variants in ASL in 12 Italian patients with ASA. Ataxia is not mentioned as a phenotypic feature. PMID: 29326055 - AlTassan et al 2018 - a retrospective review of 54 Saudi Arabian patients with ASA from January 2000 to December 2015. 35 patients (63%) had genetic data available all with variants in the ASL gene; c.1060C > T; p.(Gln354*) in 26 patients (likely founder mutation); c.556C > T; p.(Arg186Trp) in 7 patients, c.602+1G > T in one patient and 1062+5G > C in one patient. 7/10 patients are reported to show spasticity although it is not reporterd whether they all shared the same founder variant in ASL. More recent retrospectives show that ataxia is reported in approx. 10% of individuals with Argininosuccinic aciduria. 2 cases with ataxia and ASL variant identified are reported. PMID: 38044746 - Gurung et al 2023 - conducted a UK national multicentre retrospective study assessing the movement disorder phenotype in ASA patients from July 2015 to June 2022. 60 patients were studied with a median age of 12.7 years (range: 6 months to 53 years). 17 (28%) individuals had ASA with neurodegenerative-related symptoms, movement disorder, hypotonia/fatigue and abnormal behaviour. Of these 4 were reported to show tremor/dystonia, with this phenotype present at ages 9, 11, 24 and 25 years of age. Homozygous or compound het ASL variants were recorded in 25/60 patients including 3 out of the 4 patients with tremor/dystonia (patients 4,9 and 25 with c.719-2A>G; c.857A>G, c.1153C>T; c.1153C>T and c.437G>A; c.446+1G>A respectively). Genotype data was not available for other patients. Although patient 4 from this study and patient 9 from the Baruteau et al 2017 study share the same genotype and are both male, their phenotypic descriptions differ so assuming here that they are not the same patient. PMID: 28251416 - Baruteau et al 2017 - conducted a retrospective and prospective analysis of patients in the UK with ASA from March 2013 - December 2015. Tremors or dystonia were reported in 4 individuals (1,4,9 and 25). All were diagnosed before the age of 3 although it is not stated at what age the tremors/dystonia were first noted. The first 3 of these patients had homozygous or compound het variants in ASL identified (c.35G>A;c.35G>A, c.377G>A;c.377G>A and c.719-2A>G, c.857A>G respectively). (PMID: 36994644 - Elkhateeb et al 2023 - characterise the incidence of epilepsy in patients with ASA. ); to: Argininosuccinic aciduria (ASA) is caused by homozygous mutation in the gene encoding argininosuccinate lyase (ASL). Onset is typically in the neonatal period or in late infancy. The association of biallelic variants in ASL and the phenotype of Argininosuccinic aciduria is well established. e.g. PMID: 12384776 - Linnebank et al 2002 - homozygous/compound het variants in ASL in 27 unrelated individuals of different ancestries, PMID: 17326097 - Trevisson et al 2007 - report homozygous/compound het variants in ASL in 12 Italian patients with ASA. PMID: 29326055 - AlTassan et al 2018 - a retrospective review of 54 Saudi Arabian patients with ASA from January 2000 to December 2015. 35 patients (63%) had genetic data available all with variants in the ASL gene; c.1060C > T; p.(Gln354*) in 26 patients (likely founder mutation); c.556C > T; p.(Arg186Trp) in 7 patients, c.602+1G > T in one patient and 1062+5G > C in one patient. More recent retrospectives show that tremors and/or dystonia is reported in some individuals with Argininosuccinic aciduria. 6 cases with ataxia and ASL variant identified are reported. PMID: 38044746 - Gurung et al 2023 - conducted a UK national multicentre retrospective study assessing the movement disorder phenotype in ASA patients from July 2015 to June 2022. 60 patients were studied with a median age of 12.7 years (range: 6 months to 53 years). 17 (28%) individuals had ASA with neurodegenerative-related symptoms, movement disorder, hypotonia/fatigue and abnormal behaviour. Of these 4 were reported to show tremor/dystonia, with this phenotype present at ages 9, 11, 24 and 25 years of age. Homozygous or compound het ASL variants were recorded in 25/60 patients including 3 out of the 4 patients with tremor/dystonia (patients 4,9 and 25 with c.719-2A>G; c.857A>G, c.1153C>T; c.1153C>T and c.437G>A; c.446+1G>A respectively). Genotype data was not available for other patients. Although patient 4 from this study and patient 9 from the Baruteau et al 2017 study share the same genotype and are both male, their phenotypic descriptions differ so assuming here that they are not the same patient. PMID: 28251416 - Baruteau et al 2017 - conducted a retrospective and prospective analysis of patients in the UK with ASA from March 2013 - December 2015. Tremors or dystonia were reported in 4 individuals (1,4,9 and 25). All were diagnosed before the age of 3 although it is not stated at what age the tremors/dystonia were first noted. The first 3 of these patients had homozygous or compound het variants in ASL identified (c.35G>A;c.35G>A, c.377G>A;c.377G>A and c.719-2A>G, c.857A>G respectively). (PMID: 36994644 - Elkhateeb et al 2023 - characterise the incidence of epilepsy in patients with ASA. ) |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v3.60 | SHQ1 | Sarah Leigh commented on gene: SHQ1: SHQ1 variants are associated with Neurodevelopmental disorder with dystonia and seizures, OMIM:619922 and Dystonia 35, childhood-onset, OMIM:619921, but not with a phenotype in Gen2Phen. At least 10 SHQ1 variants have been reported (PMIDs: 29178645 34542157; 36810590; 36847845) in eight unrelated cases. The phenotypic features were dystonia (7/7 cases examined), hypotonia (6/7 cases examined), intellectual disability (7/8 cases examined), and seizures (in 4/6 cases and 2 further unrelated cases where remaining affected siblings did not have seizures (1/2 and 3/4)(PMID: 36847845). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v3.58 | SHQ1 | Sarah Leigh Phenotypes for gene: SHQ1 were changed from Dystonia; Neurodegeneration to ?Dystonia 35, childhood-onset, OMIM:619921; dystonia 35, childhood-onset, MONDO:0030958; Neurodevelopmental disorder with dystonia and seizures, OMIM:619922; neurodevelopmental disorder with dystonia and seizures, MONDO:0859258 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v3.30 | SYT1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: Comment on list classification: As reviewed by Zornitza Stark, there are four unrelated cases with dystonia as a feature of the SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Hence, this gene should be promoted to green rating at the next major update.; to: Comment on list classification: As reviewed by Zornitza Stark, there are four unrelated cases with dystonia as a feature of Baker-Gordon syndrome. Hence, this gene should be promoted to green rating at the next major update. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v3.30 | SYT1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Added comment: Comment on list classification: As reviewed by Zornitza Stark, there are four unrelated cases with dystonia as a feature of the SYT1-associated neurodevelopmental disorder. Hence, this gene should be promoted to green rating at the next major update. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v3.28 | SQSTM1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: SQSTM1 were changed from Myopathy, distal, with rimmed vacuoles , MIM#617158 to Neurodegeneration with ataxia, dystonia, and gaze palsy, childhood-onset, OMIM:617145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v3.27 | SQSTM1 | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: SQSTM1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 27545679; Phenotypes: Neurodegeneration with ataxia, dystonia, and gaze palsy, childhood-onset, OMIM:617145; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.265 | HNRNPH1 | Eleanor Williams Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPH1 were changed from HNRNPH1-related neurodevelopmental disorder to HNRNPH1-related neurodevelopmental disorder; Neurodevelopmental disorder with craniofacial dysmorphism and skeletal defects, OMIM:620083 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.239 | HECW2 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: HECW2 was added gene: HECW2 was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Literature Q3_22_rating tags were added to gene: HECW2. Mode of inheritance for gene: HECW2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: HECW2 were set to 27389779; 27334371; 34321324 Phenotypes for gene: HECW2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, seizures, and absent language, OMIM:617268 Review for gene: HECW2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Acharya et al., 2022 (PMID: 34321324) released a review of 35 previously published and new unpublished cases harbouring HECW2 variants. Clinical characteristics in all individuals included ID/DD and hypotonia with or without spasticity. The review also highlighted motor coordination/movement deficits in 21/28 subjects (75%). Stereotypic movements were the most common (15) but dystonia (4) and chorea (3) are also reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.227 | C19orf12 | Sarah Leigh Phenotypes for gene: C19orf12 were changed from neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-4, 614298; mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration; Dystonia to ?Spastic paraplegia 43, autosomal recessive, OMIM:615043; Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 4, OMIM: 614298 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.210 | SPATA5L1 |
Ivone Leong gene: SPATA5L1 was added gene: SPATA5L1 was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Literature,Expert Review Amber Q1_22_rating tags were added to gene: SPATA5L1. Mode of inheritance for gene: SPATA5L1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SPATA5L1 were set to 34626583 Phenotypes for gene: SPATA5L1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss and spasticity, OMIM:619616 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.157 | SHQ1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SHQ1 was added gene: SHQ1 was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SHQ1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SHQ1 were set to 34542157; 29178645 Phenotypes for gene: SHQ1 were set to Dystonia; Neurodegeneration Review for gene: SHQ1 was set to AMBER Added comment: Three unrelated families reported. Family 1: isolated dystonia only; Family 2: dystonia, and neurodegeneration; Family 3: neurodegeneration. Functional data in PMID 34542157 Rated Amber as phenotypes likely represent a continuum but currently unclear. Sources: Literature |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.154 | IMPDH2 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: IMPDH2 was added gene: IMPDH2 was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Literature Q3_21_rating tags were added to gene: IMPDH2. Mode of inheritance for gene: IMPDH2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IMPDH2 were set to 33098801 Phenotypes for gene: IMPDH2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with dystonia |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.151 | GRIN1 | Sarah Leigh edited their review of gene: GRIN1: Added comment: Associated with relevant phenotype in OMIM, but not associated with phenotype in Gen2Phen, although there is a confirmed association with epileptic encephalopathy in Gen2Phen. At least 20 variants have been associated with Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without hyperkinetic movements and seizures, autosomal dominant OMIM:614254 and three have been associated with Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without hyperkinetic movements and seizures, autosomal recessive OMIM:617820.; Changed rating: GREEN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.149 | GRIN1 | Sarah Leigh Phenotypes for gene: GRIN1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without hyperkinetic movements and seizures, autosomal dominant, MIM# 614254; Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without hyperkinetic movements and seizures, autosomal recessive, MIM# 617820 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without hyperkinetic movements and seizures, autosomal dominant OMIM:614254; intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 8 MONDO:0013655; Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without hyperkinetic movements and seizures, autosomal recessive OMIM:617820; neurodevelopmental disorder with or without hyperkinetic movements and seizures, autosomal recessive MONDO:0060629 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.98 | UBTF | Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: UBTF: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 28777933, 29300972, 30517966, 31931739, 33026538; Phenotypes: Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with brain atrophy, OMIM:617672; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.97 | UBTF | Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: UBTF were changed from Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with brain atrophy MIM#617672 to Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with brain atrophy, OMIM:617672 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.89 | IRF2BPL | Sarah Leigh Phenotypes for gene: IRF2BPL were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder with regression, abnormal movements, loss of speech, and seizures, MIM# 618088 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with regression, abnormal movements, loss of speech, and seizures OMIM:618088; neurodevelopmental disorder with regression, abnormal movements, loss of speech, and seizures MONDO:0060759 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.84 | MED27 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: MED27 was added gene: MED27 was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Literature Q2_21_rating tags were added to gene: MED27. Mode of inheritance for gene: MED27 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MED27 were set to 33443317 Phenotypes for gene: MED27 were set to Intellectual disability; Axial hypotonia; Spasticity; Dystonia; Cerebellar hypoplasia; Cataracts; Epilepsy Review for gene: MED27 was set to GREEN Added comment: MED27 is currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM (last edited on 08/03/2012), but is listed in Gene2Phenotype with a 'probable' disease confidence rating for 'MED27-related neurodevelopmental disorder' - PMID: 33443317 (2021) - 16 individuals from 11 families with a neurodevelopmental syndrome characterised by mild to profound GDD/ID (14/14), axial hypotonia (14/15), distal spasticity and dystonic movements (13/15), cerebellar hypoplasia (12/14), cataracts (10/15), epilepsy (9/15), and microcephaly (4/14). Exome sequencing revealed biallelic variants in the MED27 gene, including 3 recurrent variants found in 2 or more families with different background. Overall sufficient (>3) unrelated cases for inclusion if phenotypes are considered to be within the scope of this panel - most individuals presented dystonic movements, but only 2 sibs experienced generalised dystonia. Sources: Literature |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.81 | VPS4A |
Arina Puzriakova gene: VPS4A was added gene: VPS4A was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Expert Review for-review tags were added to gene: VPS4A. Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS4A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: VPS4A were set to 33186545; 33186543; 33460484 Phenotypes for gene: VPS4A were set to CIMDAG syndrome Review for gene: VPS4A was set to GREEN Added comment: Gene currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM (last edited: 20/12/2019) or Gene2Phenotype. - PMID: 33186545 (2020) - Six unrelated individuals with de novo missense variants (c.850A>T, c.850A>G, c.616G>A) affecting the ATPase domain of VPS4A. Clinical features include severe DD and profound ID (6/6), hypotonia (5/6), microcephaly (6/6), dystonia (5/6), congenital cataracts (4/5), epilepsy (3/6), anaemia (3/6 - dyserythropoietic in 2), and structural brain abnormalities including cerebellar hypoplasia (5/6) or severe cerebral atrophy (1/6). Some functional data indicating a dominant-negative effect. - PMID: 33186543 (2020) - Three unrelated individuals with congenital dyserythropoietic anaemia, severe neurodevelopmental delay, and dystonia. Two patients harboured different de novo variants (c.850A>T, c.608G>A) in the ATPase domain, while the third had a homozygous alteration (c.83C>T) occurring in the N-terminal microtubule interacting and trafficking domain of VPS4A. The first two individuals congenital microcephaly with brain MRI showing white matter and cerebral volume loss, thin corpus callosum, and ponto-cerebellar atrophy. One individual also displayed a seizure disorder and congenital cataracts. The case with the biallelic variant presented with a milder hematologic phenotype and had macrocephaly (rather than microcephaly) and delayed white matter myelination. Functional studies support pathogenicity. - PMID: 33460484 (2021) - One child with a a severe neurodevelopmental disorder and congenital haemolytic anaemia but no overt sign of dyserythropoiesis, associated with a de novo variant (c.850A>T) in VPS4A. Other features include microcephaly (-2.5 SD), choreodystonic movements, and bilateral cataract. Brain MRI showed cerebral atrophy, thin dysplastic corpus callosum, basal ganglia atrophy, brainstem hypoplasia, cerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia Sources: Expert Review |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.76 | CACNB4 | Sarah Leigh edited their review of gene: CACNB4: Added comment: PMID 10762541 reports monoallelic variants associated with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy and Episodic Ataxia and PMID 32176688 reports biallelic variants associated with severe neurodevelopmental disorder and impairs channel and non-channel functions. Therefore recommend the MOI be changed to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal.; Changed mode of inheritance: BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.51 | UBTF |
Zornitza Stark gene: UBTF was added gene: UBTF was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: UBTF was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: UBTF were set to 28777933; 29300972 Phenotypes for gene: UBTF were set to Neurodegeneration, childhood-onset, with brain atrophy MIM#617672 Mode of pathogenicity for gene: UBTF was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: UBTF was set to GREEN gene: UBTF was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: 7 out of 11 unrelated cases with a recurrent de novo gain of function missense variant (p.Glu210Lys) have dystonia as a feature of the condition. Sources: Expert list |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.51 | SQSTM1 |
Zornitza Stark changed review comment from: PMID: 27545679 - 9 patients (4 families) with childhood/adolescent onset neurodegeneration syndrome. 7/9 patients presented with dystonia. None noted to have myopathy. Sources: Expert list; to: PMID: 27545679 - 9 patients (4 families) with childhood/adolescent onset neurodegeneration syndrome. 7/9 patients presented with dystonia. Sources: Expert list |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.51 | SQSTM1 | Zornitza Stark edited their review of gene: SQSTM1: Changed phenotypes: Neurodegeneration with ataxia, dystonia, and gaze palsy, childhood-onset, MIM# 617145 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.51 | SQSTM1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: SQSTM1 was added gene: SQSTM1 was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SQSTM1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SQSTM1 were set to 27545679 Phenotypes for gene: SQSTM1 were set to Myopathy, distal, with rimmed vacuoles , MIM#617158 Review for gene: SQSTM1 was set to GREEN Added comment: PMID: 27545679 - 9 patients (4 families) with childhood/adolescent onset neurodegeneration syndrome. 7/9 patients presented with dystonia. None noted to have myopathy. Sources: Expert list |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.50 | HNRNPH1 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: HNRNPH1 was added gene: HNRNPH1 was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: HNRNPH1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: HNRNPH1 were set to 29938792; 32335897 Phenotypes for gene: HNRNPH1 were set to HNRNPH1-related neurodevelopmental disorder Review for gene: HNRNPH1 was set to GREEN Added comment: Probable gene for HNRNPH1-related neurodevelopmental disorder in G2P, but currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM (last edited on 21/07/2017). Two studies report de novo variants in 8 unrelated cases with a syndromic intellectual disability disorder. Clinical features included moderate-severe GDD/ID (7/7), abnormalities on brain MRI (8/8), ophthalmological abnormalities (7/8), short stature (6/8), and microcephaly (6/8). Movement manifestations were also observed - 3 individuals were non-ambulatory, while another 3 presented dystonia, one of whom also had ataxia, tremor, and wide‐based gait. Sources: Literature |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.49 | IRF2BPL |
Zornitza Stark gene: IRF2BPL was added gene: IRF2BPL was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: IRF2BPL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: IRF2BPL were set to 30057031; 30166628 Phenotypes for gene: IRF2BPL were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with regression, abnormal movements, loss of speech, and seizures, MIM# 618088 Review for gene: IRF2BPL was set to GREEN gene: IRF2BPL was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: PMID: 30057031 - 7 individuals with neurodevelopmental regression (5/7), progressive ataxia (5/7), seizures (7/7), spasticity (2/7), dystonia (3/7) and global devel delay (7/7). PTCs produced a more severe phenotype than missense. Onset was in childhood. Cerebellar changes also less frequently reported. PMID: 30166628 - 11 individuals with de novo PTCs with childhood neurological regression, epilepsy (7/11), hypotonia (5/11), dystonia (3/11), cerebellar atrophy (5/10). MRI showed CNS defects in 6/10 patients. Sources: Expert list |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v1.49 | GRIN1 |
Zornitza Stark gene: GRIN1 was added gene: GRIN1 was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIN1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GRIN1 were set to 29365063; 27164704; 27164704; 28051072 Phenotypes for gene: GRIN1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without hyperkinetic movements and seizures, autosomal dominant, MIM# 614254; Neurodevelopmental disorder with or without hyperkinetic movements and seizures, autosomal recessive, MIM# 617820 Review for gene: GRIN1 was set to GREEN gene: GRIN1 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Over 20 individuals reported with de novo missense variants in GRIN1 and severe neurodevelopmental phenotype, comprising ID, seizures, and a movement disorder, in particular dystonia. Two families reported with bi-allelic variants: different mechanism postulated (LOF vs affecting channel functioning or hypomorphic alleles), parents were carriers and unaffected. Movement disorder, in particular dystonia also reported in bi-allelic cases. Sources: Expert list |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.241 | PANK2 | Louise Daugherty Phenotypes for gene: PANK2 were changed from Dystonia; pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration to Dystonia; pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration; Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 1, 234200 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.212 | ZSWIM6 | Louise Daugherty Phenotypes for gene: ZSWIM6 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder with movement abnormalities, abnormal gait, and autistic features, 617865 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with movement abnormalities, abnormal gait, and autistic features, 617865 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.200 | C19orf12 | Louise Daugherty Phenotypes for gene: C19orf12 were changed from neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-4; mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration; Dystonia to neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-4, 614298; mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration; Dystonia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.121 | VAMP2 | Louise Daugherty changed review comment from: Comment on phenotypes: Phenotype from Salpietro et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2019 Apr 4;104(4):721-730) de novo mutations in 5 unrelated individuals phenotype neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by axial hypotonia (which had been present since birth), intellectual disability, and autistic features. More severe phenotype includes additional neurological features, including central visual impairment, hyperkinetic movement disorder, and epilepsy or electroencephalography abnormalities. ?Better on intellectual disability or neurodevelopmental panel. Needs clinical input.; to: Comment on phenotypes: Phenotype from Salpietro et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2019 Apr 4;104(4):721-730) de novo mutations in 5 unrelated individuals phenotype neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by axial hypotonia (which had been present since birth), intellectual disability, and autistic features. More severe phenotype includes additional neurological features, including central visual impairment, hyperkinetic movement disorder, and epilepsy or electroencephalography abnormalities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.121 | VAMP2 | Louise Daugherty Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Phenotype from Salpietro et al. Am J Hum Genet. 2019 Apr 4;104(4):721-730) de novo mutations in 5 unrelated individuals phenotype neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by axial hypotonia (which had been present since birth), intellectual disability, and autistic features. More severe phenotype includes additional neurological features, including central visual impairment, hyperkinetic movement disorder, and epilepsy or electroencephalography abnormalities. ?Better on intellectual disability or neurodevelopmental panel. Needs clinical input. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.118 | ZSWIM6 | Louise Daugherty Phenotypes for gene: ZSWIM6 were changed from Acromelic frontonasal dysostosis 603671 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with movement abnormalities, abnormal gait, and autistic features, 617865 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.35 | CACNA1G | Ellen McDonagh Phenotypes for gene: CACNA1G were changed from to Spinocerebellar ataxia 42, early-onset, severe, with neurodevelopmental deficits 618087; Spinocerebellar ataxia 42 616795 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.7 | WDR45 |
Ellen McDonagh Source PanelApp was added to WDR45. Mode of inheritance for gene WDR45 was changed from to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Added phenotypes beta-propeller protein-associated neurodegeneration; Dystonia; Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 5 300894 for gene: WDR45 Publications for gene WDR45 were changed from to 22892189; 23435086; 23176820 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.7 | GNAO1 |
Ellen McDonagh Source PanelApp was added to GNAO1. Mode of inheritance for gene GNAO1 was changed from to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Added phenotypes Neurodevelopmental disorder with involuntary movements, 617493 for gene: GNAO1 Publications for gene GNAO1 were changed from to 26060304; 27625011; 25966631; 27068059; 28357411 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.7 | FTL |
Ellen McDonagh Source PanelApp was added to FTL. Mode of inheritance for gene FTL was changed from to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Added phenotypes Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 3 606159 for gene: FTL |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.7 | C19orf12 |
Ellen McDonagh Source PanelApp was added to C19orf12. Mode of inheritance for gene C19orf12 was changed from to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Added phenotypes neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation-4; mitochondrial membrane protein-associated neurodegeneration; Dystonia for gene: C19orf12 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.7 | PLA2G6 |
Ellen McDonagh Source PanelApp was added to PLA2G6. Mode of inheritance for gene PLA2G6 was changed from to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Added phenotypes Parkinson disease 14, autosomal recessive 612953; Infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy 1 256600; Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 2B 610217; PLA2G6-associated neurodegeneration for gene: PLA2G6 Publications for gene PLA2G6 were changed from to 16783378; 18799783; 18570303 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.7 | PANK2 |
Ellen McDonagh Source PanelApp was added to PANK2. Mode of inheritance for gene PANK2 was changed from to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Added phenotypes Dystonia; pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration for gene: PANK2 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.7 | FOLR1 |
Ellen McDonagh Source PanelApp was added to FOLR1. Mode of inheritance for gene FOLR1 was changed from to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Added phenotypes Neurodegeneration due to cerebral folate transport deficiency, 613068; Folate receptor alpha deficiency for gene: FOLR1 Publications for gene FOLR1 were changed from to 27830117; 21937992; 19732866; 2044715 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.7 | FA2H |
Ellen McDonagh Source PanelApp was added to FA2H. Mode of inheritance for gene FA2H was changed from to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Added phenotypes fatty acid hydroxylase-associated neurodegeneration; Dystonia; Spastic paraplegia 35, autosomal recessive 612319 for gene: FA2H Publications for gene FA2H were changed from to 19068277 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.7 | COASY |
Ellen McDonagh Source PanelApp was added to COASY. Mode of inheritance for gene COASY was changed from to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Added phenotypes Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 6 615643; COASY protein-associated neurodegeneration for gene: COASY Publications for gene COASY were changed from to 27021474; 24360804 |
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| Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder v0.0 | UROD |
Ellen McDonagh gene: UROD was added gene: UROD was added to Childhood onset dystonia or chorea or related movement disorder. Sources: London North GLH,Expert Review Red Mode of inheritance for gene: UROD was set to |
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