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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v9.9 | ARPP21 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients, of which three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21, and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort identified four additional patients with p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21, but not with any variants in GLT8D1 gene. Note that p.Pro529Leu is also annotated as p.Pro563Leu depending on transcript build (as in ClinGen curation - https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:004177). The p.Pro563Leu variant is present in only 4 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. PMID:31653410 (2019) reported the analysis of rare pathogenic variants in GLT8D1 and ARPP21 genes in a cohort of 512 ALS patients and 3210 healthy controls from mainland China, where they did not find any significant association between ALS and GLT8D1 or ARPP21. PMID:3358193 (2021) screened 81 familial and 618 sporadic Australian ALS cases and found no significant enrichment of protein-altering variants in either GLT8D1 or ARPP21 genes. PMID:38960585 (2025) reported the identification of the same heterozygous ARPP21 missense variant (p.Pro529Leu/ p.Pro563Leu) in 10 affected individuals across seven unrelated ALS families, all with a classic spinal- or bulbar-onset ALS phenotype, and no variants were found in other ALS genes. Haplotype analysis suggested that the variant is embedded in a founder-type haplotype enriched in Iberian/British/South Asian ancestries and rare in East Asian/African ancestries, which the authors propose explains non-replication in other populations. PMID:41917433 (2026) harmonized and analyzed exome data from 22 cohorts, totaling 17,919 individuals with ALS and 200,703 controls across discovery and replication phases, which independently replicated p.Pro563Leu as an ALS-associated variant after excluding overlapping UK/Spanish carriers (meta P=4.31×10⁻⁹, OR 44.8) and identified a novel second variant p.Pro747Leu (OR 75.8, not previously reported). The p.Pro747Leu variant is found in eight alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. There is some limited functional evidence available. PMID:8120638 (1994) reported that ARPP21 is predominantly expressed in a subset of brain tissues. PMID:29581509 (2018) reported that ARPP21 localises to stress granules under cellular stress, binds uridine-rich motifs in mRNA 3'UTRs via iCLIP, and acts as a positive post-transcriptional regulator (via eIF4A/eIF4G interaction) that antagonizes its co-transcribed intronic microRNA miR-128 to promote dendritic complexity in cortical neurons . This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes in OMIM (last accessed 24 August 2026). But, it is classified with 'Limited' rating for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MONDO:0004976) by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spectrum Disorders GCEP in ClinGen. Sources: Literature; to: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients, of which three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21, and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort identified four additional patients with p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21, but not with any variants in GLT8D1 gene. Note that p.Pro529Leu is also annotated as p.Pro563Leu depending on transcript build (as in ClinGen curation - https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:004177). The p.Pro563Leu variant is present in only 4 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. PMID:31653410 (2019) reported the analysis of rare pathogenic variants in GLT8D1 and ARPP21 genes in a cohort of 512 ALS patients and 3210 healthy controls from mainland China, where they did not find any significant association between ALS and GLT8D1 or ARPP21. PMID:33581934 (2021) screened 81 familial and 618 sporadic Australian ALS cases and found no significant enrichment of protein-altering variants in either GLT8D1 or ARPP21 genes. PMID:38960585 (2025) reported the identification of the same heterozygous ARPP21 missense variant (p.Pro529Leu/ p.Pro563Leu) in 10 affected individuals across seven unrelated ALS families, all with a classic spinal- or bulbar-onset ALS phenotype, and no variants were found in other ALS genes. Haplotype analysis suggested that the variant is embedded in a founder-type haplotype enriched in Iberian/British/South Asian ancestries and rare in East Asian/African ancestries, which the authors propose explains non-replication in other populations. PMID:41917433 (2026) harmonized and analyzed exome data from 22 cohorts, totaling 17,919 individuals with ALS and 200,703 controls across discovery and replication phases, which independently replicated p.Pro563Leu as an ALS-associated variant after excluding overlapping UK/Spanish carriers (meta P=4.31×10⁻⁹, OR 44.8) and identified a novel second variant p.Pro747Leu (OR 75.8, not previously reported). The p.Pro747Leu variant is found in eight alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. There is some limited functional evidence available. PMID:8120638 (1994) reported that ARPP21 is predominantly expressed in a subset of brain tissues. PMID:29581509 (2018) reported that ARPP21 localises to stress granules under cellular stress, binds uridine-rich motifs in mRNA 3'UTRs via iCLIP, and acts as a positive post-transcriptional regulator (via eIF4A/eIF4G interaction) that antagonizes its co-transcribed intronic microRNA miR-128 to promote dendritic complexity in cortical neurons . This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes in OMIM (last accessed 24 August 2026). But, it is classified with 'Limited' rating for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MONDO:0004976) by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spectrum Disorders GCEP in ClinGen. Sources: Literature |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v9.8 | ARPP21 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients, of which three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21, and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort identified four additional patients with p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21, but not with any variants in GLT8D1 gene. Note that p.Pro529Leu is also annotated as p.Pro563Leu depending on transcript build (as in ClinGen curation - https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:004177). The p.Pro563Leu variant is present in only 4 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. PMID:31653410 (2019) reported the analysis of rare pathogenic variants in GLT8D1 and ARPP21 genes in a cohort of 512 ALS patients and 3210 healthy controls from mainland China, where they did not find any significant association between ALS and GLT8D1 or ARPP21. PMID:3358193 (2021) screened 81 familial and 618 sporadic Australian ALS cases and found no significant enrichment of protein-altering variants in either GLT8D1 or ARPP21 genes. PMID:38960585 (2025) reported the identification of the same heterozygous ARPP21 missense variant (p.Pro529Leu/ p.Pro563Leu) in 10 affected individuals across seven unrelated ALS families, all with a classic spinal- or bulbar-onset ALS phenotype, and no variants were found in other ALS genes. Haplotype analysis suggested that the variant is embedded in a founder-type haplotype enriched in Iberian/British/South Asian ancestries and rare in East Asian/African ancestries, which the authors propose explains non-replication in other populations. PMID:41917433 (2026) harmonized and analyzed exome data from 22 cohorts, totaling 17,919 individuals with ALS and 200,703 controls across discovery and replication phases, which independently replicated p.Pro563Leu as an ALS-associated variant after excluding overlapping UK/Spanish carriers (meta P=4.31×10⁻⁹, OR 44.8) and identified a novel second variant p.Pro747Leu (OR 75.8, not previously reported). The p.Pro747Leu variant is found in eight alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. Sources: Literature; to: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients, of which three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21, and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort identified four additional patients with p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21, but not with any variants in GLT8D1 gene. Note that p.Pro529Leu is also annotated as p.Pro563Leu depending on transcript build (as in ClinGen curation - https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:004177). The p.Pro563Leu variant is present in only 4 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. PMID:31653410 (2019) reported the analysis of rare pathogenic variants in GLT8D1 and ARPP21 genes in a cohort of 512 ALS patients and 3210 healthy controls from mainland China, where they did not find any significant association between ALS and GLT8D1 or ARPP21. PMID:3358193 (2021) screened 81 familial and 618 sporadic Australian ALS cases and found no significant enrichment of protein-altering variants in either GLT8D1 or ARPP21 genes. PMID:38960585 (2025) reported the identification of the same heterozygous ARPP21 missense variant (p.Pro529Leu/ p.Pro563Leu) in 10 affected individuals across seven unrelated ALS families, all with a classic spinal- or bulbar-onset ALS phenotype, and no variants were found in other ALS genes. Haplotype analysis suggested that the variant is embedded in a founder-type haplotype enriched in Iberian/British/South Asian ancestries and rare in East Asian/African ancestries, which the authors propose explains non-replication in other populations. PMID:41917433 (2026) harmonized and analyzed exome data from 22 cohorts, totaling 17,919 individuals with ALS and 200,703 controls across discovery and replication phases, which independently replicated p.Pro563Leu as an ALS-associated variant after excluding overlapping UK/Spanish carriers (meta P=4.31×10⁻⁹, OR 44.8) and identified a novel second variant p.Pro747Leu (OR 75.8, not previously reported). The p.Pro747Leu variant is found in eight alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. There is some limited functional evidence available. PMID:8120638 (1994) reported that ARPP21 is predominantly expressed in a subset of brain tissues. PMID:29581509 (2018) reported that ARPP21 localises to stress granules under cellular stress, binds uridine-rich motifs in mRNA 3'UTRs via iCLIP, and acts as a positive post-transcriptional regulator (via eIF4A/eIF4G interaction) that antagonizes its co-transcribed intronic microRNA miR-128 to promote dendritic complexity in cortical neurons . This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes in OMIM (last accessed 24 August 2026). But, it is classified with 'Limited' rating for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MONDO:0004976) by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spectrum Disorders GCEP in ClinGen. Sources: Literature |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v9.8 | ARPP21 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients, of which three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21, and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort identified four additional patients with p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21, but not with any variants in GLT8D1 gene. PMID:31653410 (2019) reported the analysis of rare pathogenic variants in GLT8D1 and ARPP21 genes in a cohort of 512 ALS patients and 3210 healthy controls from mainland China, where they did not find any significant association between ALS and GLT8D1 or ARPP21. Sources: Literature; to: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients, of which three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21, and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort identified four additional patients with p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21, but not with any variants in GLT8D1 gene. Note that p.Pro529Leu is also annotated as p.Pro563Leu depending on transcript build (as in ClinGen curation - https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:004177). The p.Pro563Leu variant is present in only 4 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. PMID:31653410 (2019) reported the analysis of rare pathogenic variants in GLT8D1 and ARPP21 genes in a cohort of 512 ALS patients and 3210 healthy controls from mainland China, where they did not find any significant association between ALS and GLT8D1 or ARPP21. PMID:3358193 (2021) screened 81 familial and 618 sporadic Australian ALS cases and found no significant enrichment of protein-altering variants in either GLT8D1 or ARPP21 genes. PMID:38960585 (2025) reported the identification of the same heterozygous ARPP21 missense variant (p.Pro529Leu/ p.Pro563Leu) in 10 affected individuals across seven unrelated ALS families, all with a classic spinal- or bulbar-onset ALS phenotype, and no variants were found in other ALS genes. Haplotype analysis suggested that the variant is embedded in a founder-type haplotype enriched in Iberian/British/South Asian ancestries and rare in East Asian/African ancestries, which the authors propose explains non-replication in other populations. PMID:41917433 (2026) harmonized and analyzed exome data from 22 cohorts, totaling 17,919 individuals with ALS and 200,703 controls across discovery and replication phases, which independently replicated p.Pro563Leu as an ALS-associated variant after excluding overlapping UK/Spanish carriers (meta P=4.31×10⁻⁹, OR 44.8) and identified a novel second variant p.Pro747Leu (OR 75.8, not previously reported). The p.Pro747Leu variant is found in eight alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1. Sources: Literature |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v9.5 | GLT8D1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients (three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21) and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort confirmed significant ALS-association with genetic variation in exon 4 of GLT8D1 in familial ALS patients, with p.Arg92Cys variant identified without p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21 gene in two additional patients. There is also functional evidence available including impaired enzyme activity, cytotoxicity, and motor deficits in GLT8D1 Knock Down in zebrafish embryos. GLT8D1 p.Arg92Cys is present in 222 alleles and p.Gly78Trp is present in 10 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1 whereas ARPP21 p.Pro529Leu is present in only 8 alleles. PMID:33581933 (2021) reported a cohort of 977 Chinese sporadic ALS (sALS) cases and 47 Chinese familial ALS (fALS) cases that underwent whole-exome sequencing. A likely pathogenic heterozyous variant in exon 4 ( c.233G>A/ p.Gly78Ala) was identified in a fALS case. This variant is present in 17 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1 (although none in East Asian population). Four additional rare missense variants — p.V291I (fALS, pedigree unavailable — affected relative died), p.H24R (2 sALS patients), p.R255Q (1 sALS), p.G281S (1 sALS) — all classified as VUS due to lack of cosegregation and/or benign-to-tolerated in silico predictions. PMID:34746377 (2021) reported Sanger sequencing in a cohort of patients with ALS, of which a novel heterozygous variant in GLT8D1 gene (c.870C>G/ p.Ile290Met) was identified in a single patient with spinal-onset familial ALS. This variant is not found in gnomAD v4.1.1. Functional studies demonstrated that the variant I290M GLT8D1 protein was mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), provoked ER stress and unfolded protein response, compromised the glycosyltransferase activity, and led to an increased cytotoxicity. This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes in OMIM (last accessed 17 August 2026), but associated with 'Limited' rating for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MONDO:0004976) by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spectrum Disorders GCEP in ClinGen (https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:004967).; to: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients (three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21) and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort confirmed significant ALS-association with genetic variation in exon 4 of GLT8D1 in familial ALS patients, with p.Arg92Cys variant identified without p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21 gene in two additional patients. GLT8D1 p.Arg92Cys is present in 222 alleles and p.Gly78Trp is present in 10 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1 whereas ARPP21 p.Pro529Leu is present in only 8 alleles. Burden analysis showed there is no significant ALS-association within GLT8D1 when exon 4 is excluded. There is also functional evidence available including impaired enzyme activity, cytotoxicity, and motor deficits in GLT8D1 Knock Down in zebrafish embryos. PMID:33581933 (2021) reported a cohort of 977 Chinese sporadic ALS (sALS) cases and 47 Chinese familial ALS (fALS) cases that underwent whole-exome sequencing. A likely pathogenic heterozyous variant in exon 4 ( c.233G>A/ p.Gly78Ala) was identified in a fALS case. This variant is present in 17 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1 (although none in East Asian population). Four additional rare missense variants — p.V291I (fALS, pedigree unavailable — affected relative died), p.H24R (2 sALS patients), p.R255Q (1 sALS), p.G281S (1 sALS) — all classified as VUS due to lack of cosegregation and/or benign-to-tolerated in silico predictions. Burden analysis in sALS cohort showed that there is no significant enrichment of rare GLT8D1 variants versus gnomAD East Asian controls at either whole-gene level (4 variants/1,410 combined sALS cases vs 25 variants/9,766 gnomAD controls) or exon 4–specific level (0 variants in sALS vs 3 in controls). PMID:34746377 (2021) reported Sanger sequencing in a cohort of patients with ALS, of which a novel heterozygous variant in GLT8D1 gene (c.870C>G/ p.Ile290Met) was identified in a single patient with spinal-onset familial ALS. This variant is not found in gnomAD v4.1.1. Functional studies demonstrated that the variant I290M GLT8D1 protein was mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), provoked ER stress and unfolded protein response, compromised the glycosyltransferase activity, and led to an increased cytotoxicity. This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes in OMIM (last accessed 17 August 2026), but associated with 'Limited' rating for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MONDO:0004976) by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spectrum Disorders GCEP in ClinGen (https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:004967). |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v9.5 | GLT8D1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients (three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21) and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort confirmed significant ALS-association with genetic variation in exon 4 of GLT8D1 in familial ALS patients, with p.Arg92Cys variant identified without p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21 gene in two additional patients. There is also functional evidence available including impaired enzyme activity, cytotoxicity, and motor deficits in GLT8D1 Knock Down in zebrafish embryos. GLT8D1 p.Arg92Cys is present in 222 alleles and p.Gly78Trp is present in 10 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1 whereas ARPP21 p.Pro529Leu is present in only 8 alleles. PMID:33581933 (2021) reported a cohort of 977 Chinese sporadic ALS (sALS) cases and 47 Chinese familial ALS (fALS) cases that underwent whole-exome sequencing. A likely pathogenic heterozyous variant in exon 4 ( c.233G>A/ p.Gly78Ala) was identified in a fALS case. This variant is present in 17 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1 (although none in East Asian population). Four additional rare missense variants — p.V291I (fALS, pedigree unavailable — affected relative died), p.H24R (2 sALS patients), p.R255Q (1 sALS), p.G281S (1 sALS) — all classified as VUS due to lack of cosegregation and/or benign-to-tolerated in silico predictions. PMID:34746377 (2021) reported Sanger sequencing in a cohort of patients with ALS, of which a novel heterozygous variant in GLT8D1 gene (c.870C>G/ p.Ile290Met) was identified in a single patient with spinal-onset familial ALS. This variant is not found in gnomAD v4.1.1. Functional studies demonstrated that the variant I290M GLT8D1 protein was mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), provoked ER stress and unfolded protein response, compromised the glycosyltransferase activity, and led to an increased cytotoxicity. This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes in OMIM (last accessed 17 August 2026), but associated with 'Limited' rating for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MONDO:0004976) by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spectrum Disorders GCEP in ClinGen.; to: PMID:30811981 (2019) reported the identification of five potential causal variants via exome-sequencing in two related individuals with autosomal dominant amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Another family member developed unilateral weakness and upper motor neuron dysfunction suggestive of ALS despite detailed neurological investigation not fulfilling El-Escorial diagnostic criteria, but no alternative cause being identified. Screening this individual for the five candidate mutations revealed only c.274C>T (p.Arg92Cys) in GLT8D1 gene and c.1586C>T (p.Pro529Leu) variant in ARPP21 gene. Targeted sequencing in 103 familial and young sporadic ALS cases identified five additional patients carrying two missense variants within GLT8D1: the p.Arg92Cys variant identified in the index pedigree in four patients (three of them also had p.Pro529Leu in ARPP21) and c.232C>A (p.Gly78Trp) in one (no variant in ARPP21 gene). Sequencing of an international ALS cohort confirmed significant ALS-association with genetic variation in exon 4 of GLT8D1 in familial ALS patients, with p.Arg92Cys variant identified without p.Pro529Leu variant in ARPP21 gene in two additional patients. There is also functional evidence available including impaired enzyme activity, cytotoxicity, and motor deficits in GLT8D1 Knock Down in zebrafish embryos. GLT8D1 p.Arg92Cys is present in 222 alleles and p.Gly78Trp is present in 10 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1 whereas ARPP21 p.Pro529Leu is present in only 8 alleles. PMID:33581933 (2021) reported a cohort of 977 Chinese sporadic ALS (sALS) cases and 47 Chinese familial ALS (fALS) cases that underwent whole-exome sequencing. A likely pathogenic heterozyous variant in exon 4 ( c.233G>A/ p.Gly78Ala) was identified in a fALS case. This variant is present in 17 alleles in gnomAD v4.1.1 (although none in East Asian population). Four additional rare missense variants — p.V291I (fALS, pedigree unavailable — affected relative died), p.H24R (2 sALS patients), p.R255Q (1 sALS), p.G281S (1 sALS) — all classified as VUS due to lack of cosegregation and/or benign-to-tolerated in silico predictions. PMID:34746377 (2021) reported Sanger sequencing in a cohort of patients with ALS, of which a novel heterozygous variant in GLT8D1 gene (c.870C>G/ p.Ile290Met) was identified in a single patient with spinal-onset familial ALS. This variant is not found in gnomAD v4.1.1. Functional studies demonstrated that the variant I290M GLT8D1 protein was mislocalized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), provoked ER stress and unfolded protein response, compromised the glycosyltransferase activity, and led to an increased cytotoxicity. This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes in OMIM (last accessed 17 August 2026), but associated with 'Limited' rating for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (MONDO:0004976) by Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Spectrum Disorders GCEP in ClinGen (https://search.clinicalgenome.org/CCID:004967). |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v4.44 | DNAJC7 | Sarah Leigh Publications for gene: DNAJC7 were set to https://doi.org/10.1212/NXG.0000000000000503 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v4.41 | DAO | Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on list classification: This gene has been demoted from Amber to Red. This gene has been refuted by ClinGen ALS spectrum disorders (https://search.clinicalgenome.org/kb/gene-validity/CGGV:assertion_35ac00ac-3279-4c7e-89b6-8a75e3cae414-2022-04-12T103808.867Z?page=1&size=25&search=) (4/12/2022) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v3.58 | NEK1 |
Sarah Leigh changed review comment from: Associated with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24 (OMIM:617892), but not associated with a relevant phenotype in Gen2Phen. At least 12 NEK1 variants have been reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases (PMID: 30093141; 31768050; 26945885; 27455347), together with supportive functional studies (PMID: 2992911).; to: Associated with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, susceptibility to, 24 (OMIM:617892), but not associated with a relevant phenotype in Gen2Phen. At least 12 NEK1 variants have been reported in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis cases (PMID: 30093141; 31768050; 26945885; 27455347), together with supportive functional studies (PMID: 2992911). ClinGen Definitive gene - disease classification (29/04/2022): https://search.clinicalgenome.org/kb/gene-validity/CGGV:assertion_bb4f311c-df33-4d9e-8ac6-731b43b93615-2022-04-29T192526.542Z?page=1&size=25&search= |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.267 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova commented on STR: HTT_CAG: STR repeat lengths have been reviewed and confirmed by the NHS Genomic Medicine Service. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.267 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Classified STR: HTT_CAG as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.267 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Str: htt_cag has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.264 | HTT_CAG |
Arina Puzriakova Normal Number of Repeats for HTT_CAG was changed from 40 to 36. Source Expert Review Removed was added to STR: HTT_CAG. Rating Changed from Green List (high evidence) to No List (delete) |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.261 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Classified STR: HTT_CAG as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.261 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Str: htt_cag has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.260 | HTT_CAG |
Arina Puzriakova Tag for-review was removed from STR: HTT_CAG. Tag curated_removed was removed from STR: HTT_CAG. |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.260 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova edited their review of STR: HTT_CAG: Changed rating: GREEN | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.260 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova commented on STR: HTT_CAG: After NHS Genomic Medicine Service consideration, this STR has been promoted back to green on the R58 panel. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.235 | HTT | Arina Puzriakova Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: Lack of phenotypic relevance for SNVs - nucleotide repeat expansion mechanism | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.235 | HTT | Arina Puzriakova Mode of inheritance for gene: HTT was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown to Other | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.234 | HTT | Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: HTT were changed from Huntington disease 143100; Huntingtons disease (HD) to Huntington disease, OMIM:143100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.233 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for STR: HTT_CAG were changed from Huntington disease 143100 to Huntington disease, OMIM:143100 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.87 | GCH1 | Ivone Leong Publications for gene: GCH1 were set to 25497597; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 24509643; 24993959; 21935284 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.84 | FTL | Ivone Leong Publications for gene: FTL were set to 24209436; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24209436 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.39 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Tag curated_removed tag was added to STR: HTT_CAG. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.38 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova commented on STR: HTT_CAG: Tagged 'for-review' to highlight the recent review by Helen Brittain (Genomics England Clinical Team) indicating that exclusion of this STR may increase risk of missed diagnoses. HTT_CAG was removed from this panel in October 2020 at request of the GMS Specialist Test Group. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.38 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Tag for-review tag was added to STR: HTT_CAG. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.38 | HTT_CAG | Helen Brittain reviewed STR: HTT_CAG: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Huntington disease # 143100; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted; Current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.17 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Classified STR: HTT_CAG as No list | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.17 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Added comment: Comment on list classification: This STR has been removed at the request of GHLs for the GMS Neurology Specialist Test Group as it is available as a core test for R68 Huntington Disease. Inclusion on panels for other neurological CIs raises concerns regarding counselling, and so it has been agreed that HTT_CAG will be excluded from this panel. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.17 | HTT_CAG | Arina Puzriakova Str: htt_cag has been removed from the panel. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v2.16 | DNAJC7 |
Zornitza Stark gene: DNAJC7 was added gene: DNAJC7 was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJC7 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: DNAJC7 were set to https://doi.org/10.1212/NXG.0000000000000503 Phenotypes for gene: DNAJC7 were set to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Review for gene: DNAJC7 was set to AMBER Added comment: Two cohort studies in ALS patients identified 11 and 1 patient, respectively, with variants in DNAJC7. Seven of these are putative PTVs. No segregation or functional data. A small number of individuals with LOF variants are present in gnomad albeit less than expected. Given these are cohort studies, and an adult-onset condition, potentially of variable penetrance, we have taken a cautious approach and rated Amber for now but would be interested in other expert opinions. No PMID yet. Sources: Literature |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.81 | TAF1 | Louise Daugherty Publications for gene TAF1 were changed from PMID: 12928496; PMID: 26637982; 17273961; PMID: 26879577; PMID: 17273961; 12928496; PMID: 26769797; 17668393; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 20301662; 26637982; PMID: 23184149; PMID: 2368812 to 11714101; 20301662; 26769797; 2368812; 12928496; 26637982; 17273961; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 17668393; 23184149; 26879577 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.81 | SGCE | Louise Daugherty Publications for gene SGCE were changed from 11528394; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 12325078 to 12325078; 11528394; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 23332219; 22626943 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.81 | PRKRA | Louise Daugherty Publications for gene PRKRA were changed from 18420150 - a novel heterozygous variant c.266_267delAT; 25914261; 26990861; 22842711; 24142417 - Compound heterozygous variants were reported in a patient with early onset dystonia c.665C>T (p.P222L) inherited from his mother, and c.637T>C (p.C213R) was a novel mutation; 25142429 In a Polish family, the homozygous p.Pro222Leu mutation segregated with autosomal-recessive, early-onset generalized dystonia and slight parkinsonism; 22842711 describes the clinical features of three original cases with homozygous PRKRA variants - the patients presented with either a pure generalised dystonia or with a dystonia-parkinsonism that was relatively unresponsive to L-dopa; 18243799; 25142429; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 18420150; p.H89fsX20 was reported in a proband with early childhood-onset leg dystonia (though testing in the parents was not mentioned).; 24142417; 25737287 Compound het variants (c.G230C (p.Cys77Ser), and in exon 7, c.G638T (p.Cys213Phe)) identified in the two affected siblings reported with dystonia without parkinsonism, unaffected family members were heterozygous; PMID: 26990861 - c.665C>T homozygous variant was identified in 3 affected siblings with Early-Onset Generalized Dystonia-Parkinsonism (and was heterozygous in the unaffected patients and an unaffected sibling). It was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and had a frequency of 0.01% in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, predicted to be deleterious by 2 of 6 in silico tools. They showed it was within a founder haplotype shared by all previoulsy reported cases. The Authors state Screening of PRKRA is warranted in all patients with early-onset generalized dystonia, or dystonia parkinsonism compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance; 18243799 - two unrelated families with members with an apparent autosomal recessive, novel, young-onset, generalised form of dystonia parkinsonism. A region of homozygosity was found in all affected individuals, and narrowed down to the homozygous variant c.665C>T (P222L); 25737287 to 24142417; 25737287 26990861; 18420150.; 25914261; 25737287; 18243799; 26990861; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 18420150; 22842711; 25142429 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.81 | GCH1 | Louise Daugherty Publications for gene GCH1 were changed from 24509643; 21935284; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/ to 25497597; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 24509643; 24993959; 21935284 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.81 | ATP1A3 | Louise Daugherty Publications for gene ATP1A3 were changed from 22850527; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 22842232 to 22850527; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 15260953; 22842232 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.80 | PRKRA |
Louise Daugherty changed review comment from: 18420150 - a novel heterozygous variant c.266_267delAT;25914261;26990861;22842711;24142417 - Compound heterozygous variants were reported in a patient with early onset dystonia c.665C>T (p.P222L) inherited from his mother, and c.637T>C (p.C213R) was a novel mutation;25142429 In a Polish family, the homozygous p.Pro222Leu mutation segregated with autosomal-recessive, early-onset generalized dystonia and slight parkinsonism;22842711 describes the clinical features of three original cases with homozygous PRKRA variants - the patients presented with either a pure generalised dystonia or with a dystonia-parkinsonism that was relatively unresponsive to L-dopa;18243799;25142429;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/;18420150;p.H89fsX20 was reported in a proband with early childhood-onset leg dystonia (though testing in the parents was not mentioned).;24142417;25737287 Compound het variants (c.G230C (p.Cys77Ser), and in exon 7, c.G638T (p.Cys213Phe)) identified in the two affected siblings reported with dystonia without parkinsonism, unaffected family members were heterozygous;PMID: 26990861 - c.665C>T homozygous variant was identified in 3 affected siblings with Early-Onset Generalized Dystonia-Parkinsonism (and was heterozygous in the unaffected patients and an unaffected sibling). It was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and had a frequency of 0.01% in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, predicted to be deleterious by 2 of 6 in silico tools. They showed it was within a founder haplotype shared by all previoulsy reported cases. The Authors state Screening of PRKRA is warranted in all patients with early-onset generalized dystonia, or dystonia parkinsonism compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance;18243799 - two unrelated families with members with an apparent autosomal recessive, novel, young-onset, generalised form of dystonia parkinsonism. A region of homozygosity was found in all affected individuals, and narrowed down to the homozygous variant c.665C>T (P222L);25737287; to: Review and rating submitted by Nick Beauchamp (Sheffield Diagnostic genetics Service), on behalf of Yorkshire and North East GLH for GMS Neurology specialist test group. Created: 23 Jul 2019, 3:51 p.m. | Last Modified: 23 Jul 2019, 3:51 p.m. Panel Version: 1.74 Edit your comment Delete comment Review and rating submitted byJames Polke (North Bristol NHS Trust), unless specified in the review comment, on behalf of London North GLH for GMS Neurology specialist test group. Created: 23 Apr 2019, 5:35 p.m. |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.80 | PRKRA | Louise Daugherty commented on gene: PRKRA: 18420150 - a novel heterozygous variant c.266_267delAT;25914261;26990861;22842711;24142417 - Compound heterozygous variants were reported in a patient with early onset dystonia c.665C>T (p.P222L) inherited from his mother, and c.637T>C (p.C213R) was a novel mutation;25142429 In a Polish family, the homozygous p.Pro222Leu mutation segregated with autosomal-recessive, early-onset generalized dystonia and slight parkinsonism;22842711 describes the clinical features of three original cases with homozygous PRKRA variants - the patients presented with either a pure generalised dystonia or with a dystonia-parkinsonism that was relatively unresponsive to L-dopa;18243799;25142429;http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/;18420150;p.H89fsX20 was reported in a proband with early childhood-onset leg dystonia (though testing in the parents was not mentioned).;24142417;25737287 Compound het variants (c.G230C (p.Cys77Ser), and in exon 7, c.G638T (p.Cys213Phe)) identified in the two affected siblings reported with dystonia without parkinsonism, unaffected family members were heterozygous;PMID: 26990861 - c.665C>T homozygous variant was identified in 3 affected siblings with Early-Onset Generalized Dystonia-Parkinsonism (and was heterozygous in the unaffected patients and an unaffected sibling). It was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and had a frequency of 0.01% in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, predicted to be deleterious by 2 of 6 in silico tools. They showed it was within a founder haplotype shared by all previoulsy reported cases. The Authors state Screening of PRKRA is warranted in all patients with early-onset generalized dystonia, or dystonia parkinsonism compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance;18243799 - two unrelated families with members with an apparent autosomal recessive, novel, young-onset, generalised form of dystonia parkinsonism. A region of homozygosity was found in all affected individuals, and narrowed down to the homozygous variant c.665C>T (P222L);25737287 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.75 | HTT_CAG | Louise Daugherty commented on STR: HTT_CAG: Green rating for STR submitted on behalf of Nick Beauchamp (Sheffield Diagnostic genetics Service), on behalf of Yorkshire and North East GLH for GMS Neurology specialist test group. Indicated that variants are reported as part of the current diagnostic practice. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.75 | HTT_CAG | Louise Daugherty Source Yorkshire and North East GLH was added to STR: HTT_CAG. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.74 | HTT | Louise Daugherty reviewed gene: HTT: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.72 | HTT | Nick Beauchamp reviewed gene: HTT: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Huntington disease 143100, Huntingtons disease (HD); Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.69 | HTT | Louise Daugherty Source NHS GMS was added to HTT. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.67 | HTT | Louise Daugherty Source Yorkshire and North East GLH was added to HTT. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.59 | HTT_CAG | Louise Daugherty Source NHS GMS was added to STR: HTT_CAG. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.57 | HTT_CAG | Louise Daugherty Source London North GLH was added to STR: HTT_CAG. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.55 | C9orf72 | Louise Daugherty Publications for gene: C9orf72 were set to 27059391; 25638642; PMID: 21944778; 23597494; 21944779; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326098; 25326098 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v1.13 | HTT_CAG | Louise Daugherty edited their review of STR: HTT_CAG: Added comment: Green rating for STR submitted on behalf of James Polke (North Bristol NHS Trust), also indicated that variants are reported as part of the current diagnostic practice, on behalf of London North GLH for GMS Neurology specialist test group.; Set current diagnostic: yes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.60 | HTT_CAG | Louise Daugherty Classified STR: HTT_CAG as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.60 | HTT_CAG | Louise Daugherty Str: htt_cag has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.60 | HTT_CAG | Louise Daugherty Classified STR: HTT_CAG as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.60 | HTT_CAG | Louise Daugherty Str: htt_cag has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.59 | HTT_CAG |
Louise Daugherty STR: HTT_CAG was added STR: HTT_CAG was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert list STR tags were added to STR: HTT_CAG. Mode of inheritance for STR: HTT_CAG was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for STR: HTT_CAG were set to Huntington disease 143100 Review for STR: HTT_CAG was set to GREEN Added comment: Source PanelApp panels : Hereditary spastic paraplegia v1.143, Parkinson Disease and Complex Parkinsonism v1.64, Early onset dementia (encompassing fronto-temporal dementia and prion disease) v1.46, Hereditary ataxia v1.150 Sources: Expert list |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | HTT |
Rebecca Foulger Tag nucleotide-repeat-expansion tag was added to gene: HTT. Tag currently-ngs-unreportable tag was added to gene: HTT. |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | TOR1A |
Rebecca Foulger gene: TOR1A was added gene: TOR1A was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: TOR1A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: TOR1A were set to 17503336; 16537570; 11523564; 9288096; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 20301665 Phenotypes for gene: TOR1A were set to Dystonia-1, torsion, 128100; Autosomal dominant or sporadic dystonia (DYT1); Early-Onset Primary Dystonia |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | THAP1 |
Rebecca Foulger gene: THAP1 was added gene: THAP1 was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: THAP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: THAP1 were set to 21793105; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/ Phenotypes for gene: THAP1 were set to Dystonia; Dystonia 6, torsion, 602629 |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | TH |
Rebecca Foulger gene: TH was added gene: TH was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: TH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TH were set to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/ Phenotypes for gene: TH were set to infantile parkinsonism; Segawa syndrome, recessive, 605407; paediatric form of dopa responsive dystonia |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | TAF1 |
Rebecca Foulger gene: TAF1 was added gene: TAF1 was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Amber Mode of inheritance for gene: TAF1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) Publications for gene: TAF1 were set to PMID: 12928496; PMID: 26637982; 17273961; PMID: 26879577; PMID: 17273961; 12928496; PMID: 26769797; 17668393; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 20301662; 26637982; PMID: 23184149; PMID: 2368812 Phenotypes for gene: TAF1 were set to SVA retrotransposon insertion Dystonia-Parkinsonism, X-linked, 314250; Dystonia-Parkinsonism, X-linked, 314250 |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | SPR |
Rebecca Foulger gene: SPR was added gene: SPR was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: SPR was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SPR were set to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 22522443 Phenotypes for gene: SPR were set to Dystonia, dopa-responsive, due to sepiapterin reductase deficiency, 612716; paediatric form of dopa responsive dystonia; Dopa-Responsive Dystonia |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | SGCE |
Rebecca Foulger gene: SGCE was added gene: SGCE was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: SGCE was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, maternally imprinted (paternal allele expressed) Publications for gene: SGCE were set to 11528394; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 12325078 Phenotypes for gene: SGCE were set to Myoclonus dystonia syndrome; Myoclonus-Dystonia; maternally imprinted Dystonia-11, myoclonic, 159900 |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | PRRT2 |
Rebecca Foulger gene: PRRT2 was added gene: PRRT2 was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: PRRT2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: PRRT2 were set to 22120146; 22399141; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 22101681; 22744660 Phenotypes for gene: PRRT2 were set to Paroxysmal kinesigenic choreoathetosis (PKD1) and infantile convulsions; Episodic kinesigenic dyskinesia 1, 128200 |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | PRKRA |
Rebecca Foulger gene: PRKRA was added gene: PRKRA was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKRA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PRKRA were set to 18420150 - a novel heterozygous variant c.266_267delAT; 25914261; 26990861; 22842711; 24142417 - Compound heterozygous variants were reported in a patient with early onset dystonia c.665C>T (p.P222L) inherited from his mother, and c.637T>C (p.C213R) was a novel mutation; 25142429 In a Polish family, the homozygous p.Pro222Leu mutation segregated with autosomal-recessive, early-onset generalized dystonia and slight parkinsonism; 22842711 describes the clinical features of three original cases with homozygous PRKRA variants - the patients presented with either a pure generalised dystonia or with a dystonia-parkinsonism that was relatively unresponsive to L-dopa; 18243799; 25142429; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 18420150; p.H89fsX20 was reported in a proband with early childhood-onset leg dystonia (though testing in the parents was not mentioned).; 24142417; 25737287 Compound het variants (c.G230C (p.Cys77Ser), and in exon 7, c.G638T (p.Cys213Phe)) identified in the two affected siblings reported with dystonia without parkinsonism, unaffected family members were heterozygous; PMID: 26990861 - c.665C>T homozygous variant was identified in 3 affected siblings with Early-Onset Generalized Dystonia-Parkinsonism (and was heterozygous in the unaffected patients and an unaffected sibling). It was confirmed by Sanger sequencing and had a frequency of 0.01% in the Exome Aggregation Consortium database, predicted to be deleterious by 2 of 6 in silico tools. They showed it was within a founder haplotype shared by all previoulsy reported cases. The Authors state Screening of PRKRA is warranted in all patients with early-onset generalized dystonia, or dystonia parkinsonism compatible with autosomal recessive inheritance; 18243799 - two unrelated families with members with an apparent autosomal recessive, novel, young-onset, generalised form of dystonia parkinsonism. A region of homozygosity was found in all affected individuals, and narrowed down to the homozygous variant c.665C>T (P222L); 25737287 Phenotypes for gene: PRKRA were set to Dystonia 16; early-onset generalized dystonia-parkinsonism (DYT16), non-responsive to levo-dopa; Early-Onset Generalized Dystonia-Parkinsonism; Early Onset Complex Disease |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | PNKD |
Rebecca Foulger gene: PNKD was added gene: PNKD was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: PNKD was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: PNKD were set to 15262732; 15496428; 15824259; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/ Phenotypes for gene: PNKD were set to PAROXYSMAL NONKINESIGENIC DYSKINESIA 1 |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | HTT | Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes Huntingtons disease (HD) for gene: HTT | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | HTT |
Rebecca Foulger gene: HTT was added gene: HTT was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Red Mode of inheritance for gene: HTT was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: HTT were set to Huntington disease 143100 |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | GNAL |
Rebecca Foulger gene: GNAL was added gene: GNAL was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Amber Mode of inheritance for gene: GNAL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: GNAL were set to 25847575; 24729450; 24535567; 24408567; 26365774; 26810727; 27093447; 27123488; 23222958; 26506956; 27222887; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 23449625; 23759320; 25382112; 24151159; 26725140 Phenotypes for gene: GNAL were set to Dystonia 25, 615073 |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | GCH1 |
Rebecca Foulger gene: GCH1 was added gene: GCH1 was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: GCH1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: GCH1 were set to 24509643; 21935284; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/ Phenotypes for gene: GCH1 were set to Hyperphenylalaninemia, BH4-deficient, B, 233910; Dystonia, DOPA-responsive, with or without hyperphenylalaninemia, 128230; Dopa-Responsive Dystonia (DRD) |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | FTL |
Rebecca Foulger gene: FTL was added gene: FTL was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: FTL was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: FTL were set to 24209436; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24209436 Phenotypes for gene: FTL were set to Neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation 3; movement disorder |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | DRD2 |
Rebecca Foulger gene: DRD2 was added gene: DRD2 was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Red Mode of inheritance for gene: DRD2 was set to Unknown Publications for gene: DRD2 were set to http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1414/ Phenotypes for gene: DRD2 were set to Dystonia, myoclonic, 159900 |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | C9orf72 |
Rebecca Foulger gene: C9orf72 was added gene: C9orf72 was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Red Mode of inheritance for gene: C9orf72 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: C9orf72 were set to 27059391; 25638642; PMID: 21944778; 23597494; 21944779; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326098; 25326098 Phenotypes for gene: C9orf72 were set to clinical presentation suggestive of cortico-basal/PSP syndrome; complex parkinsonism; (Hexanucleotideexpansion) |
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| Neurodegenerative disorders, adult onset v0.2 | ATP1A3 |
Rebecca Foulger gene: ATP1A3 was added gene: ATP1A3 was added to Neurodegenerative disorders - adult onset. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ATP1A3 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: ATP1A3 were set to 22850527; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK1155/; 22842232 Phenotypes for gene: ATP1A3 were set to Dystonia-12, 128235; Rapid-Onset Dystonia-Parkinsonism |
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