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| Monogenic diabetes v3.21 | MAFA |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Added comment: Comment on list classification: As reviewed by Kevin Colclough, there are three unrelated families reported in published literature with heterozygous variants in MAFA gene (two families with p.Ser64Phe variant and one family with p.Thr57Arg variant) and with insulinomatosis and diabetes. There is functional evidence available from experimental studies including heterozygous MAFA p.Ser64Phe mouse model in support of the disease association. This gene can therefore be promoted to green rating in the next GMS update. |
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| Monogenic diabetes v3.20 | MAFA | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: This gene has been associated with 'Insulinomatosis and diabetes mellitus' phenotype in OMIM (last accessed 29 April 2026). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v3.20 | MAFA | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: MAFA were changed from Diabetes; Insulinomatosis; Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia to Insulinomatosis and diabetes mellitus, OMIM:147630; islet cell adenomatosis, MONDO:0007834 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v3.18 | MAFA | Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: MAFA: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 17682063, 29339498, 34644565, 35406570; Phenotypes: Insulinomatosis and diabetes mellitus, OMIM:147630, islet cell adenomatosis, MONDO:0007834; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v3.18 | ISCA-37432-Loss | Ida Ertmanska commented on Region: ISCA-37432-Loss: Comment on list classification: 17q12 deletions affecting the gene HNF1B are a well established cause of Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome. Diabetes is often a presenting symptom in affected individuals. ClinGen Haploinsufficiency score is 3, suggesting dosage sensitivity. Hence, region ISCA-37432-Loss should be promoted to Green on Monogenic diabetes. The change is also tagged for expert review, in order to determine if there are any technical limitations that would prevent 17q12 deletions from being detected in this test. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v3.10 | MAFA |
Kevin Colclough gene: MAFA was added gene: MAFA was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: MAFA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: MAFA were set to PMID: 29339498; 34644565; 35406570; 17682063 Phenotypes for gene: MAFA were set to Diabetes; Insulinomatosis; Hyperinsulinaemic Hypoglycaemia Penetrance for gene: MAFA were set to Incomplete Review for gene: MAFA was set to GREEN gene: MAFA was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Two large White European families with extensive family history of insulinomatosis and diabetes underwent whole exome sequencing (PMID: 29339498). The missense variant p.Ser64Phe in the MAFA gene co-segregated with both phenotypes in both families. A total of 17 individuals with diabetes and 10 individuals with insulinomatosis were heterozygous for the variant and there was almost complete penetrance for both phenotypes (90%). Most patients diagnosed with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose were males (male-to-female ratio was 3:1), and the mean age at diagnosis was 38.4 ± 16.5 y. They were not obese (mean BMI was 25). There were no other clinical features of insulin resistance, no history of diabetic ketoacidosis, and islet autoantibodies were negative, configuring a phenotype resembling maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY). Diabetes was managed with diet or oral medications (i.e., metformin and/or sulphonylureas) in most cases, with current HbA1c levels ranging between 37 and 74 mmol/mol (5.5–8.9%). A third unrelated and unpublished individual referred to the Exeter Genomics Laboratory for MODY testing (diagnosed aged 28 years, slim, not insulin treated, parent with diabetes) was found to be heterozygous for MAFA p.Ser64Phe. The family also had an extensive family history of diabetes and hyperinsulinism in ten additional family members (5 with DM, 5 with HI). Five have been tested to date and all confirmed to be heterozygous for the variant (1 DM, 4 HI). MAFA is a strong candidate gene as it plays a pivotal role in the regulation of insulin secretion in vivo. The β-cell–enriched MAFA transcription factor is required for postnatal function of murine β-cells, acting as transactivator of insulin and several genes involved with glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Functional analysis demonstrated that the p.Ser64Phe mutation significantly increased the stability of MAFA, whose levels were unaffected by variable glucose concentrations in β-cell lines, but also enhanced its transactivation activity (PMID: 29339498). The lack of up-regulation of MAFA in response to hyperglycaemia is expected to impair glucose-stimulated insulin secretion, and this mechanism presumably underlies the diabetes phenotype. A heterozygous MAFA p.Ser64Phe mouse model has also been created. Males display impaired glucose tolerance, while females are slightly hypoglycaemic with improved blood glucose clearance (PMID: 34644565). A second MAFA missense variant has also been published in a large with insulinomatosis and diabetes (PMID: 35406570). The p.Thr57Arg is located in in MAFA’s highly conserved transactivation domain. in vitro expression studies replacing Thr57 have been performed, demonstrating a phosphorylation defect with the impairment of transactivation activity and degradation (PMID: 17682063) Mild hyperglycaemia was observed in six additional, heterozygous family members. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Monogenic diabetes v3.10 | WFS1 | Ida Ertmanska Phenotypes for gene: WFS1 were changed from Wolfram-like syndrome, autosomal dominant, OMIM:614296; Wolfram syndrome 1, OMIM:222300; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, association with}, OMIM:125853 to Wolfram syndrome 1, OMIM:222300; Wolfram syndrome 1, MONDO:0009101; Wolfram-like syndrome, MONDO:0013673; autosomal dominant nonsyndromic hearing loss, MONDO:0019587 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v3.8 | WFS1 |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: PMID: 40779032 Sriram et al., 2025 Cohort of 2,571 unrelated individuals of European ancestry with clinically suspected MODY. Genes assessed: APPL1 NM_012096.3, HNF1A NM_000545.8, NEUROD1 NM_002500.5, PDX1 NM_000209.4, RFX6 NM_173560.4, and WFS1 NM_006005.3. "Frequency and co-segregation analysis examined specific, previously published variants and did not assess if other rare variants in these genes cause MODY." - MODY cohort showed no enrichment for protein-truncating variants or damaging missense variants in WFS1 (p > 0.05). Other genes (NEUROD1 and PDX1) showed enrichment in the MODY cohort. - Study identified a WFS1 p.Trp314Arg carrier: diagnosed with diabetes at age 33, BMI 22.9, no family history of diabetes, no known other pathogenic variant. PMID: 39221226 Wu et al., 2024 Whole exome seq in 165 early-onset diabetes patients. Detected WFS1 compound heterozygous variants in two patients with Wolfram Syndrome-Like disorders. WFS1 heterozygous variants were identified in patients P3-P5: c.1289C>T, p.S430L; c.1552A>G, p.M518V; c.676C>T, p.Q226*. All variants in this study affect exons 6 or 8 of WFS1. Heterozygous patients all had family history of diabetes, and were all diagnosed at 25 years old. Diagnosed with MODY rather than Wolfram Syndrome. P1: female, diagnosed with diabetes at age 25years, compound het for WFS1 c.639_640dupGG, p.A214fs*74/c.985T>A, p.F329I; mother and father heterozygous for a variant each (both diagnosed with diabetes over age 35 years). Some affected family members were carriers of either variant, some had neither. Proband did not present with ketoacidosis, optic atrophy, deafness, or diabetes insipidus. P2: female, diagnosed with diabetes at 13yo, compound het for WFS1 c.1280T>G, p.I427S/c.911T>C, p.I304T; no neurological, psychiatric, or high-frequency hearing issues, or optic nerve atrophy; brother, mother and father were heterozygous for a WFS1 variant each, not affected. Functional analysis verified the impaired function of the WFS1 compound heterozygous variants: p.A214fs*74 and p.I427S significantly reduced wolframin levels (absent/near absent); p.I427S and the compound heterozygous p.I427S/p.I304T variants significantly activated the ERSE reporter, indicating high ER stress PMID: 29207974 Bansal et al., 2017 Sequenced 22 diabetes related genes in almost 7000 individuals. Identified an individual with early onset diabetes (onset at 14 years old; no additional phenotypes associated with Wolfram syndrome), homozygous for WFS1: c.1672C > T; p.R558C. PMID: 28271591 Morikawa et al. 2017 Japanese female patient with a de novo heterozygous WFS1 c.973_984del12, p.Asn325_Ile328del variant (not in gnomAD v4.1.0. She presented with impaired growth, bilateral congenital cataracts, severe hypermetropia, severe bilateral hearing loss, delayed development, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus - diagnosed with Wolfram Syndrome. In vitro testing showed that the WFS1 variant has a dominant negative effect, increasing ER stress. PMID: 23903355 Bonnycastle et al., 2013 Large Finnish pedigree with AD diabetes, WFS1 p.Trp314Arg variant co-segregated completely with disease. Seq method: exome/Sanger. Age of diabetes onset ranged from 18 to 51 years. No history of ketoacidosis, 7/8 affected individuals treated with insulin. Functionally p.Trp314Arg appears to reduce the ability of WFS1 to protect against ER stress (study in HEK293T cells). WFS1 is associated with AR Wolfram syndrome 1, OMIM:222300 (OMIM accessed 27th Feb 2026). The gene-disease associations between WFS1 and AR Wolfram syndrome & WFS1 and AD Wolfram-like syndrome are both classified as Definitive in ClinGen - diabetes being a feature of both.; to: PMID: 40779032 Sriram et al., 2025 Cohort of 2,571 unrelated individuals of European ancestry with clinically suspected MODY. Genes assessed: APPL1 NM_012096.3, HNF1A NM_000545.8, NEUROD1 NM_002500.5, PDX1 NM_000209.4, RFX6 NM_173560.4, and WFS1 NM_006005.3. "Frequency and co-segregation analysis examined specific, previously published variants and did not assess if other rare variants in these genes cause MODY." - MODY cohort showed no enrichment for protein-truncating variants or damaging missense variants in WFS1 (p > 0.05). Other genes (NEUROD1 and PDX1) showed enrichment in the MODY cohort. - Study identified a WFS1 p.Trp314Arg carrier: diagnosed with diabetes at age 33, BMI 22.9, no family history of diabetes, no known other pathogenic variant. PMID: 39221226 Wu et al., 2024 Whole exome seq in 165 early-onset diabetes patients. Detected WFS1 compound heterozygous variants in two patients with Wolfram Syndrome-Like disorders. WFS1 heterozygous variants were identified in patients P3-P5: c.1289C>T, p.S430L; c.1552A>G, p.M518V; c.676C>T, p.Q226*. All variants in this study affect exons 6 or 8 of WFS1. Heterozygous patients all had family history of diabetes, and were all diagnosed at 25 years old. Diagnosed with MODY rather than Wolfram Syndrome. P1: female, diagnosed with diabetes at age 25years, compound het for WFS1 c.639_640dupGG, p.A214fs*74/c.985T>A, p.F329I; mother and father heterozygous for a variant each (both diagnosed with diabetes over age 35 years). Some affected family members were carriers of either variant, some had neither. Proband did not present with ketoacidosis, optic atrophy, deafness, or diabetes insipidus. P2: female, diagnosed with diabetes at 13yo, compound het for WFS1 c.1280T>G, p.I427S/c.911T>C, p.I304T; no neurological, psychiatric, or high-frequency hearing issues, or optic nerve atrophy; brother, mother and father were heterozygous for a WFS1 variant each, not affected. Functional analysis verified the impaired function of the WFS1 compound heterozygous variants: p.A214fs*74 and p.I427S significantly reduced wolframin levels (absent/near absent); p.I427S and the compound heterozygous p.I427S/p.I304T variants significantly activated the ERSE reporter, indicating high ER stress PMID: 29207974 Bansal et al., 2017 Sequenced 22 diabetes related genes in almost 7000 individuals. Identified an individual with early onset diabetes (onset at 14 years old; no additional phenotypes associated with Wolfram syndrome), homozygous for WFS1: c.1672C > T; p.R558C. PMID: 28271591 Morikawa et al. 2017 Japanese female patient with a de novo heterozygous WFS1 c.973_984del12, p.Asn325_Ile328del variant (not in gnomAD v4.1.0. She presented with impaired growth, bilateral congenital cataracts, severe hypermetropia, severe bilateral hearing loss, delayed development, insulin dependent diabetes mellitus - diagnosed with Wolfram Syndrome. In vitro testing showed that the WFS1 variant has a dominant negative effect, increasing ER stress. PMID: 23903355 Bonnycastle et al., 2013 Large Finnish pedigree with AD diabetes, WFS1 p.Trp314Arg variant co-segregated completely with disease. Seq method: exome/Sanger. Age of diabetes onset ranged from 18 to 51 years. No history of ketoacidosis, 7/8 affected individuals treated with insulin. Functionally p.Trp314Arg appears to reduce the ability of WFS1 to protect against ER stress (study in HEK293T cells). WFS1 is associated with AR Wolfram syndrome 1, OMIM:222300 (OMIM accessed 27th Feb 2026). The gene-disease associations between WFS1 and AR Wolfram syndrome, AD Wolfram-like syndrome, and AD Nonsyndromic hearing loss are all classified as Definitive in ClinGen. |
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| Monogenic diabetes v3.8 | APPL1 |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: PMID: 40779032 Sriram et al., 2025 Cohort of 2,571 unrelated individuals of European ancestry with clinically suspected MODY. Genes assessed: APPL1 NM_012096.3, HNF1A NM_000545.8, NEUROD1 NM_002500.5, PDX1 NM_000209.4, RFX6 NM_173560.4, and WFS1 NM_006005.3. Frequency and co-segregation analysis examined specific, previously published variants and did not assess if other rare variants in these genes cause MODY. Conflicting evidence: - 8/23 individuals originally reported in PMID: 26073777 did not have diabetes, despite carrying the variant and being over age 25 (potentially reduced penetrance/have not yet developed the disease) - Authors claim LOF variants seem generally common in gnomAD - too common to cause MODY (however, pLI score for APPL1 is 0.88 - likely to be a dosage sensitive gene) - MODY cohort showed no enrichment for protein-truncating variants or damaging missense variants in APPL1. Other genes (NEUROD1 and PDX1) showed enrichment in the MODY cohort. PMID: 38464380 Shi et al., 2024 A total of five novel APPL1 mutations were identified in patients with diabetes (onset at ages 8, 12, 13, 21, and 39 years), including four missense mutations (Asp632Tyr, Arg633His, Arg532Gln, and Ile642Met) and one intronic mutation (1153-16A>T). Seq method: WES. Of these 5, 2 variants were classed as pathogenic after analysis: APPL1 c.1894G>T (p.Asp632Tyr) and c.1595G>A (p.Arg532Gln). These variants have 2 and 13 heterozygotes reported in gnomAD v4.1.0, respectively. Incomplete pentrance noted - P3 and his grandfather had diabetes, but his father did not (also het for APPL1 p.Arg532Gln). Patient 1 had an affected father and grandmother, but genotyping was not done. Patients 2, 4, and 5 were concluded to carry non-pathogenic APPL1 variants, and were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes instead. Functional assessment: HEK293 cells transfected with mutated plasmids; the mRNA expression level of APPL1 Asp632Tyr variant decreased by 98% (P = 0.001) compared with WT-APPL1, resulting in no protein expression; mRNA expression of Arg532Gln variant decreased by 14%; protein expression of the p.Arg532Gln variant was significantly reduced compared with WT APPL1. PMID: 32854233 Ivanoshchuk et al., 2020 Cohort of 151 Russian patients with early-onset MODY/Type 2 diabetes diagnosis, sequenced using WES or targeted sequencing. APPL1 polymorphism rs11544593 was flagged as a risk factor, but no pathogenic APPL1 variants detected. PMID: 26073777 Prudente et al., 2015 Report of 2 large families with high prevalence of diabetes. Variants identified: c.1655T>A, p.Leu552* (not in gnomAD v4.1.0) and c.280G>A, p.Asp94Asn (5 heterozygous individuals reported in gnomAD v4.1.0). Seq method: WES. F1: Italian family, APPL1 c.1655T>A, p.Leu552* detected; individuals diagnosed with diabetes aged 20-50. F2: US family, APPl1 c.280G>A, p.Asp94Asn detected; individuals diagnosed with diabetes aged 10-48. Lack of mutations in the six most common MODY genes (HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, PDX1, HNF1B, and NEUROD1) was a prerequisite for this study and confirmed in the two families. Functional evidence: the p.Leu552∗ alteration abolishes APPL1 protein expression in HepG2 transfected cells; p.Asp94Asn alteration causes significant reduction in the enhancement of the insulin-stimulated AKT2 and GSK3β phosphorylation that is observed after wild-type APPL1 transfection. APPL1 has a key regulatory role in glucose metabolism. The gene was reclassified from Moderate to Refuted by ClinGen in Feb 2026 (Monogenic diabetes panel), on the basis of evidence presented in PMID: 40779032.; to: EVIDENCE AGAINST ASSOCIATION: PMID: 40779032 Sriram et al., 2025 Cohort of 2,571 unrelated individuals of European ancestry with clinically suspected MODY. Genes assessed: APPL1 NM_012096.3, HNF1A NM_000545.8, NEUROD1 NM_002500.5, PDX1 NM_000209.4, RFX6 NM_173560.4, and WFS1 NM_006005.3. Frequency and co-segregation analysis examined specific, previously published variants and did not assess if other rare variants in these genes cause MODY. Conflicting evidence: - 8/23 individuals originally reported in PMID: 26073777 did not have diabetes, despite carrying the variant and being over age 25 (potentially reduced penetrance/have not yet developed the disease) - Authors claim LOF variants seem generally common in gnomAD - too common to cause MODY (however, pLI score for APPL1 is 0.88 - likely to be a dosage sensitive gene) - MODY cohort showed no enrichment for protein-truncating variants or damaging missense variants in APPL1. Other genes (NEUROD1 and PDX1) showed enrichment in the MODY cohort. PMID: 32854233 Ivanoshchuk et al., 2020 Cohort of 151 Russian patients with early-onset MODY/Type 2 diabetes diagnosis, sequenced using WES or targeted sequencing. APPL1 polymorphism rs11544593 was flagged as a risk factor, but no pathogenic APPL1 variants detected. The gene was reclassified from Moderate to Refuted by ClinGen in Feb 2026 (Monogenic diabetes panel), on the basis of evidence presented in PMID: 40779032. EVIDENCE SUPPORTING ASSOCIATION: PMID: 38464380 Shi et al., 2024 A total of five novel APPL1 mutations were identified in patients with diabetes (onset at ages 8, 12, 13, 21, and 39 years), including four missense mutations (Asp632Tyr, Arg633His, Arg532Gln, and Ile642Met) and one intronic mutation (1153-16A>T). Seq method: WES. Of these 5, 2 variants were classed as pathogenic after analysis: APPL1 c.1894G>T (p.Asp632Tyr) and c.1595G>A (p.Arg532Gln). These variants have 2 and 13 heterozygotes reported in gnomAD v4.1.0, respectively. Incomplete pentrance noted - P3 and his grandfather had diabetes, but his father did not (also het for APPL1 p.Arg532Gln). Patient 1 had an affected father and grandmother, but genotyping was not done. Patients 2, 4, and 5 were concluded to carry non-pathogenic APPL1 variants, and were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes instead. Functional assessment: HEK293 cells transfected with mutated plasmids; the mRNA expression level of APPL1 Asp632Tyr variant decreased by 98% (P = 0.001) compared with WT-APPL1, resulting in no protein expression; mRNA expression of Arg532Gln variant decreased by 14%; protein expression of the p.Arg532Gln variant was significantly reduced compared with WT APPL1. PMID: 26073777 Prudente et al., 2015 Report of 2 large families with high prevalence of diabetes. Variants identified: c.1655T>A, p.Leu552* (not in gnomAD v4.1.0) and c.280G>A, p.Asp94Asn (5 heterozygous individuals reported in gnomAD v4.1.0). Seq method: WES. F1: Italian family, APPL1 c.1655T>A, p.Leu552* detected; individuals diagnosed with diabetes aged 20-50. F2: US family, APPl1 c.280G>A, p.Asp94Asn detected; individuals diagnosed with diabetes aged 10-48. Lack of mutations in the six most common MODY genes (HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, PDX1, HNF1B, and NEUROD1) was a prerequisite for this study and confirmed in the two families. Functional evidence: the p.Leu552∗ alteration abolishes APPL1 protein expression in HepG2 transfected cells; p.Asp94Asn alteration causes significant reduction in the enhancement of the insulin-stimulated AKT2 and GSK3β phosphorylation that is observed after wild-type APPL1 transfection. APPL1 has a key regulatory role in glucose metabolism. |
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| Monogenic diabetes v3.8 | APPL1 |
Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: PMID: 40779032 Sriram et al., 2025 Cohort of 2,571 unrelated individuals of European ancestry with clinically suspected MODY. Genes assessed: APPL1 NM_012096.3, HNF1A NM_000545.8, NEUROD1 NM_002500.5, PDX1 NM_000209.4, RFX6 NM_173560.4, and WFS1 NM_006005.3. Frequency and co-segregation analysis examined specific, previously published variants and did not assess if other rare variants in these genes cause MODY. Conflicting evidence: - 8/23 individuals originally reported in PMID: 26073777 did not have diabetes, despite carrying the variant and being over age 25 (potentially reduced penetrance/have not yet developed the disease) - Authors claim LOF variants seem generally common in gnomAD - too common to cause MODY (however, pLI score for APPL1 is 0.88 - likely to be a dosage sensitive gene) - MODY cohort showed no enrichment for protein-truncating variants or damaging missense variants in APPL1. Other genes (NEUROD1 and PDX1) showed enrichment in the MODY cohort. PMID: 38464380 Shi et al., 2024 A total of five novel APPL1 mutations were identified in patients with diabetes (onset at ages 8, 12, 13, 21, and 39 years), including four missense mutations (Asp632Tyr, Arg633His, Arg532Gln, and Ile642Met) and one intronic mutation (1153-16A>T). Seq method: WES. Of these 5, 2 variants were classed as pathogenic after analysis: APPL1 c.1894G>T (p.Asp632Tyr) and c.1595G>A (p.Arg532Gln). These variants have 2 and 13 heterozygotes reported in gnomAD v4.1.0, respectively. Incomplete pentrance noted - P3 and his grandfather had diabetes, but his father did not (also het for APPL1 p.Arg532Gln). Patient 1 had an affected father and grandmother, but genotyping was not done. Patients 2, 4, and 5 were concluded to carry non-pathogenic APPL1 variants, and were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes instead. Functional assessment: HEK293 cells transfected with mutated plasmids; the mRNA expression level of APPL1 Asp632Tyr variant decreased by 98% (P = 0.001) compared with WT-APPL1, resulting in no protein expression; mRNA expression of Arg532Gln variant decreased by 14%; protein expression of the p.Arg532Gln variant was significantly reduced compared with WT APPL1. PMID: 32854233 Ivanoshchuk et al., 2020 Cohort of 151 Russian patients with early-onset MODY/Type 2 diabetes diagnosis, sequenced using WES or targeted sequencing. APPL1 polymorphism rs11544593 was flagged as a risk factor, but no pathogenic APPL1 variants detected. PMID: 26073777 Prudente et al., 2015 Report of 2 large families with high prevalence of diabetes. Variants identified: c.1655T>A, p.Leu552* (not in gnomAD v4.1.0) and c.280G>A, p.Asp94Asn (5 heterozygous individuals reported in gnomAD v4.1.0). Seq method: WES. F1: Italian family, APPL1 c.1655T>A, p.Leu552* detected; individuals diagnosed with diabetes aged 20-50. F2: US family, APPl1 c.280G>A, p.Asp94Asn detected; individuals diagnosed with diabetes aged 10-48. Lack of mutations in the six most common MODY genes (HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, PDX1, HNF1B, and NEUROD1) was a prerequisite for this study and confirmed in the two families. Functional evidence: the p.Leu552∗ alteration abolishes APPL1 protein expression in HepG2 transfected cells; p.Asp94Asn alteration causes significant reduction in the enhancement of the insulin-stimulated AKT2 and GSK3β phosphorylation that is observed after wild-type APPL1 transfection. APPL1 has a key regulatory role in glucose metabolism. The gene was reclassified from Moderate to Refuted by ClinGen in Feb 2026 (Monogenic diabetes panel), on the basis of evidence presented in PMID: 40779032.; to: PMID: 40779032 Sriram et al., 2025 Cohort of 2,571 unrelated individuals of European ancestry with clinically suspected MODY. Genes assessed: APPL1 NM_012096.3, HNF1A NM_000545.8, NEUROD1 NM_002500.5, PDX1 NM_000209.4, RFX6 NM_173560.4, and WFS1 NM_006005.3. Frequency and co-segregation analysis examined specific, previously published variants and did not assess if other rare variants in these genes cause MODY. Conflicting evidence: - 8/23 individuals originally reported in PMID: 26073777 did not have diabetes, despite carrying the variant and being over age 25 (potentially reduced penetrance/have not yet developed the disease) - Authors claim LOF variants seem generally common in gnomAD - too common to cause MODY (however, pLI score for APPL1 is 0.88 - likely to be a dosage sensitive gene) - MODY cohort showed no enrichment for protein-truncating variants or damaging missense variants in APPL1. Other genes (NEUROD1 and PDX1) showed enrichment in the MODY cohort. PMID: 38464380 Shi et al., 2024 A total of five novel APPL1 mutations were identified in patients with diabetes (onset at ages 8, 12, 13, 21, and 39 years), including four missense mutations (Asp632Tyr, Arg633His, Arg532Gln, and Ile642Met) and one intronic mutation (1153-16A>T). Seq method: WES. Of these 5, 2 variants were classed as pathogenic after analysis: APPL1 c.1894G>T (p.Asp632Tyr) and c.1595G>A (p.Arg532Gln). These variants have 2 and 13 heterozygotes reported in gnomAD v4.1.0, respectively. Incomplete pentrance noted - P3 and his grandfather had diabetes, but his father did not (also het for APPL1 p.Arg532Gln). Patient 1 had an affected father and grandmother, but genotyping was not done. Patients 2, 4, and 5 were concluded to carry non-pathogenic APPL1 variants, and were diagnosed with type 2 diabetes instead. Functional assessment: HEK293 cells transfected with mutated plasmids; the mRNA expression level of APPL1 Asp632Tyr variant decreased by 98% (P = 0.001) compared with WT-APPL1, resulting in no protein expression; mRNA expression of Arg532Gln variant decreased by 14%; protein expression of the p.Arg532Gln variant was significantly reduced compared with WT APPL1. PMID: 32854233 Ivanoshchuk et al., 2020 Cohort of 151 Russian patients with early-onset MODY/Type 2 diabetes diagnosis, sequenced using WES or targeted sequencing. APPL1 polymorphism rs11544593 was flagged as a risk factor, but no pathogenic APPL1 variants detected. PMID: 26073777 Prudente et al., 2015 Report of 2 large families with high prevalence of diabetes. Variants identified: c.1655T>A, p.Leu552* (not in gnomAD v4.1.0) and c.280G>A, p.Asp94Asn (5 heterozygous individuals reported in gnomAD v4.1.0). Seq method: WES. F1: Italian family, APPL1 c.1655T>A, p.Leu552* detected; individuals diagnosed with diabetes aged 20-50. F2: US family, APPl1 c.280G>A, p.Asp94Asn detected; individuals diagnosed with diabetes aged 10-48. Lack of mutations in the six most common MODY genes (HNF4A, GCK, HNF1A, PDX1, HNF1B, and NEUROD1) was a prerequisite for this study and confirmed in the two families. Functional evidence: the p.Leu552∗ alteration abolishes APPL1 protein expression in HepG2 transfected cells; p.Asp94Asn alteration causes significant reduction in the enhancement of the insulin-stimulated AKT2 and GSK3β phosphorylation that is observed after wild-type APPL1 transfection. APPL1 has a key regulatory role in glucose metabolism. The gene was reclassified from Moderate to Refuted by ClinGen in Feb 2026 (Monogenic diabetes panel), on the basis of evidence presented in PMID: 40779032. |
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| Monogenic diabetes v3.7 | KBTBD2 |
Arina Puzriakova Added comment: Comment on list classification: Adding to this panel as Amber as despite there being 3 unrelated cases, a specific description of the phenotype is not provided in one case (GDX6) making it challenging to make genotype-phenotype correlations. There is only one reported case with diabetes, although it is possible that the other individuals may develop diabetes later in life. It is worth noting that this association is supported by the mouse model where insulin resistance and severe diabetes is observed. However, based on the current evidence additional support is needed before this gene can be added to a diagnostic panel. |
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| Monogenic diabetes v3.6 | KBTBD2 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: KBTBD2 was added gene: KBTBD2 was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: KBTBD2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KBTBD2 were set to 39313616 Phenotypes for gene: KBTBD2 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092 Review for gene: KBTBD2 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 39313616 (2024) - 3 unrelated cases with biallelic variants in this gene. Variants were LOF/missense compound het in 2 cases and homozygous LOF in the other case. Phenotypes include growth retardation (3/3), hyperglycemia and diabetes in an adolescent individual (1/3 - others thought to be too young to have developed diabetes), microcephaly (2/2), motor developmental delay. One individual had cardiomyopathy but also harboured an additional variant in MYH7 which could be contributing this phenotype. Knock down in mice resulted in elevated expression of p85α and a phenotype involving lipodystrophy, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, severe diabetes and growth retardation, which recapitulates some of the features observed in human cases. Sources: Literature |
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| Monogenic diabetes v3.4 | FICD |
Arina Puzriakova gene: FICD was added gene: FICD was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Literature Q3_25_promote_green tags were added to gene: FICD. Mode of inheritance for gene: FICD was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FICD were set to 36704923; 36136088; 40062579 Phenotypes for gene: FICD were set to Spastic paraplegia 92, autosomal recessive, OMIM:620911; diabetes mellitus, MONDO:0005015; Neonatal insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, HP:0000857 Review for gene: FICD was set to GREEN Added comment: - PMID: 36704923 (2022) - infantile diabetes and neurodevelopmental delay associated with a single variant p.Arg371Ser, in three consanguineous families, two of which shared a common haplotype - PMID: 36136088 (2022) - four unrelated families from different ethnic backgrounds, all harboured the same p.Arg374His variant, which was homozygous in all but one case where the variant was present in a compound heterozygous state with a frameshift variant, p.Gly370GlufsTer53. Haplotype analysis did indicate that there is a shared haplotype in all patients with the p.Arg374His variant, strongly suggesting a founder effect. Affected individuals presented with severe motor neuron disease and one patient from this cohort also had diabetes mellitus. - PMID: 40062579 (2025) - an additional four individuals from two families with variants affecting the Arg374 residue, who presented with complicated HSP and diabetes mellitus, merging these two previously distinct presentations. The report describes one Serbian family, comprising 2 sibs with cHSP (age of onset: 5 and 6) and diabetes mellitus (age of diagnosis: 25 and 27). The sibs had the recurrent homozygous variant p.Arg374His - however, the haplotype identified in the previous report was not found in this family, suggesting that this is an independent event. The second was a consanguineous family from Saudi Arabia with 2 sibs affected by progressive HSP and diabetes (one prediabetic) - age of onset unclear but paediatric. This family harboured a novel homozygous variant, p.Arg374Cys. No cognitive deficits were reported in either family. The coexistence of motor neuron disease and diabetes suggests a broader range of neurological and metabolic effects of FICD dysfunction which does warrant further investigation. It is possible that these presentations may be more related than initially thought - individuals diagnosed with infancy-onset diabetes mellitus may develop spasticity later in life, and vice versa. Sources: Literature |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.57 | SMPD4 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Added comment: Comment on list classification: As reviewed by Dmitrijs Rots, there are five individuals from three unrelated families with biallelic loss-of-function SMPD4 variants. They developed insulin-dependent diabetes, besides presenting with a severe neurodevelopmental disorder and microcephaly. In addition, review of past reports showed 27% of patients had insulin-dependent diabetes. This gene can therefore be promoted to green rating in the next GMS review. |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.53 | SMPD4 |
Dmitrijs Rots gene: SMPD4 was added gene: SMPD4 was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: SMPD4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SMPD4 were set to PMID: 36732302 Phenotypes for gene: SMPD4 were set to NDD, microcephaly and diabetes Penetrance for gene: SMPD4 were set to Complete Review for gene: SMPD4 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID: 36732302 reported three independent families with multiple affected individuals with biallelic SMPD4 variants with severe NDD and insulin-dependent diabetes. Given the syndromic presentation - not sure about the relevancy for the panel. Sources: Literature |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.51 | HNF1A | Arina Puzriakova Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: Homozygous loss-of-function germline variants are thought to be embryonically lethal, however one family including three insulin-treated family members diagnosed with diabetes before 20 years of age was identified by Misra et al. 2020 (PMID: 32001615) with a homozygous hypomorphic variant in the HNF1A gene. This is not yet sufficient to update the MOI but should be noted if further recessive cases are reported in the future. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.38 | WFS1 |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: diabetes insipidus or optic atrophy;Wolfram-like syndrome, autosomal dominant, 614296;Deafness, autosomal dominant 6/14/38, 600965;{Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent,association with};Deafness,autosomal dominant 6/14/38, 600965;Wolfram syndrome, 222300;{Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, association with}, 125853;?Cataract 41,116400 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.38 | WFS1 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: WFS1 were changed from diabetes insipidus or optic atrophy; Wolfram-like syndrome, autosomal dominant, 614296; Deafness, autosomal dominant 6/14/38, 600965; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent,association with}; Deafness,autosomal dominant 6/14/38, 600965; Wolfram syndrome, 222300; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, association with}, 125853; ?Cataract 41,116400 to Wolfram-like syndrome, autosomal dominant, OMIM:614296; Wolfram syndrome 1, OMIM:222300; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, association with}, OMIM:125853 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.36 | SLC29A3 |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: Pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes (PHID) syndrome;H syndrome (hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hepatosplenomegaly, heart anomalies, hearing loss, hypogonadism, low height, and hyperglycaemia) and PHID syndrome (pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin dependent diabetes);Histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome,602782 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.36 | SLC29A3 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: SLC29A3 were changed from Pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes (PHID) syndrome; H syndrome (hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hepatosplenomegaly, heart anomalies, hearing loss, hypogonadism, low height, and hyperglycaemia) and PHID syndrome (pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin dependent diabetes); Histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome,602782 to Histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome, OMIM:602782 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.33 | PPARG |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3, 604367;FPLD3;{Diabetes, type 2}, 125853;[Obesity, resistance to];Obesity, severe, 601665;Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3;Insulin resistance, severe, digenic;Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin-Dependent, with Acanthosis Nigricans and Hypertension;Insulin resistance, severe, digenic 604367;Insulin resistance, severe, digenic, 604367;LIPODYSTROPHY, FAMILIAL PARTIAL, TYPE 3;Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3 604367;Carotid intimal medial thickness 1, 609338 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.33 | PPARG | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: PPARG were changed from Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3, 604367; FPLD3; {Diabetes, type 2}, 125853; [Obesity, resistance to]; Obesity, severe, 601665; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3; Insulin resistance, severe, digenic; Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin-Dependent, with Acanthosis Nigricans and Hypertension; Insulin resistance, severe, digenic 604367; Insulin resistance, severe, digenic, 604367; LIPODYSTROPHY, FAMILIAL PARTIAL, TYPE 3; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3 604367; Carotid intimal medial thickness 1, 609338 to Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3, OMIM:604367; Insulin resistance, severe, digenic, OMIM:604367; Obesity, severe, OMIM:601665; {Diabetes, type 2}, OMIM:125853 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.32 | PLIN1 |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: partial lipodystrophy, severe dyslipidemia, and insulin-resistant diabetes;Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 4, 613877;Severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy and diabetes |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.32 | PLIN1 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: PLIN1 were changed from partial lipodystrophy, severe dyslipidemia, and insulin-resistant diabetes; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 4, 613877; Severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy and diabetes to Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 4, OMIM:613877 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.25 | NEUROD1 |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 6, 606394;MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 6;{Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853;Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young;MODY6;Permanent neonatal diabetes and cerebellar agenesis;Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.25 | NEUROD1 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: NEUROD1 were changed from Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 6, 606394; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 6; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; MODY6; Permanent neonatal diabetes and cerebellar agenesis; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young to Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 6, OMIM:606394; {Type 2 diabetes mellitus, susceptibility to}, OMIM:125853 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.23 | LMNA |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: FPLD2;LIPODYSTROPHY, FAMILIAL PARTIAL, TYPE 2;Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 2, 151660;Lipoatrophy with Diabetes, Hepatic Steatosis, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, and Leukomelanodermic Papules;Severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy and diabetes |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.23 | LMNA | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: LMNA were changed from FPLD2; LIPODYSTROPHY, FAMILIAL PARTIAL, TYPE 2; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 2, 151660; Lipoatrophy with Diabetes, Hepatic Steatosis, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, and Leukomelanodermic Papules; Severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy and diabetes to Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 2, OMIM:151660; Severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy and diabetes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.22 | KCNJ11 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ11 were changed from Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3, OMIM:610582; Diabetes, permanent neonatal 2, with or without neurologic features, OMIM:618856; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2, OMIM:601820 to Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3, OMIM:610582; Diabetes, permanent neonatal 2, with or without neurologic features, OMIM:618856; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2, OMIM:601820; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 13, OMIM:616329 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.21 | KCNJ11 |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: Transient Neonatal diabetes mellitus (Dominant);Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant;Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3, 610582;Diabetes Mellitus, Permanent Neonatal diabetes mellitus (Dominant and recessive);Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2, 601820Diabetes, permanent neonatal, 606176Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, with neurologic features, 606176{Diabetes mellitus, type 2, susceptibility to}, 125853Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3, 610582;Diabetes, permanent neonatal, 606176;Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, with neurologic features, 606176;Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young;{Diabetes mellitus, type 2, susceptibility to}, 125853;Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2, 601820;Transient Neonatal, 3;Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant);Diabetes Mellitus, Permanent Neonatal;Diabetes mellitus, trans;Diabetes Mellitus, Transient Neonatal, 3 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.21 | KCNJ11 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ11 were changed from Transient Neonatal diabetes mellitus (Dominant); Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant; Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3, 610582; Diabetes Mellitus, Permanent Neonatal diabetes mellitus (Dominant and recessive); Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2, 601820Diabetes, permanent neonatal, 606176Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, with neurologic features, 606176{Diabetes mellitus, type 2, susceptibility to}, 125853Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3, 610582; Diabetes, permanent neonatal, 606176; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, with neurologic features, 606176; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young; {Diabetes mellitus, type 2, susceptibility to}, 125853; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2, 601820; Transient Neonatal, 3; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant); Diabetes Mellitus, Permanent Neonatal; Diabetes mellitus, trans; Diabetes Mellitus, Transient Neonatal, 3 to Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3, OMIM:610582; Diabetes, permanent neonatal 2, with or without neurologic features, OMIM:618856; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2, OMIM:601820 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.20 | INSR |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: Leprechaunism, 246200;Diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans, 610549;Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, 262190;Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistant, with Acanthosis Nigricans;OMIM 610549;Pineal Hyperplasia,Insulin- Resistant Diabetes Mellitus, and Somatic Abnormalities;Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Resistant, With Acanthosis Nigricans;Pineal Hyperplasia, Insulin-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus, And Somatic Abnormalities;Diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans;Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 5, 609968;DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN-RESISTANT, WITH ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.20 | INSR | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: INSR were changed from Leprechaunism, 246200; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans, 610549; Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, 262190; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistant, with Acanthosis Nigricans; OMIM 610549; Pineal Hyperplasia,Insulin- Resistant Diabetes Mellitus, and Somatic Abnormalities; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Resistant, With Acanthosis Nigricans; Pineal Hyperplasia, Insulin-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus, And Somatic Abnormalities; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 5, 609968; DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN-RESISTANT, WITH ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS to Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistant, with Acanthosis Nigricans, OMIM:610549; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 5, OMIM:609968; Leprechaunism, OMIM:246200; Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, OMIM:262190 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.19 | INS |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: MODY10;Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 10, 613370;Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant/Recessive;Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 606176;Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 2, 125852;MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 10;Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young;Permanent Neonatal diabetes mellitus;Hyperproinsulinemia, familial, with or without diabetes;Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant);Diabetes mellitus, type 1, 125852 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.19 | INS | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: INS were changed from MODY10; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 10, 613370; Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant/Recessive; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 606176; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 2, 125852; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 10; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young; Permanent Neonatal diabetes mellitus; Hyperproinsulinemia, familial, with or without diabetes; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant); Diabetes mellitus, type 1, 125852 to Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 10, OMIM:613370; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal 4, OMIM:618858; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 2, OMIM:125852; Hyperproinsulinemia, OMIM:616214 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.18 | HNF4A | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: HNF4A were changed from {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young, Type 1; MODY1, 125850; Fanconi renotubular syndrome 4, with maturity-onset diabetes of the young 616026 to {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, OMIM:125853; MODY, type I , OMIM:125850; Fanconi renotubular syndrome 4, with maturity-onset diabetes of the young, OMIM:616026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.17 | HNF1B |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: Transient neonatal diabetes;Renal Cysts and Diabetes Syndrome;Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 125853;Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young;RCAD;renal malformation;{Renal cell carcinoma}, 144700;Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome, 137920;RENAL CYSTS AND DIABETES SYNDROME |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.17 | HNF1B | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: HNF1B were changed from Transient neonatal diabetes; Renal Cysts and Diabetes Syndrome; Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; RCAD; renal malformation; {Renal cell carcinoma}, 144700; Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome, 137920; RENAL CYSTS AND DIABETES SYNDROME to transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (disease), MONDO:0020525; Type 2 diabetes mellitus, OMIM:125853; maturity-onset diabetes of the young (disease), MONDO:0018911 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.16 | GCK |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Recessive;MODY2;Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 606176;Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young;Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3, 602485;Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset, 125853;Permanent neonatal diabetes;MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 2;Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (recessive);Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY);Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus;Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant);Diabetes mellitus, gestational, 125851;MODY, type II, 125851;Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young;Neonatal diabetes;Fasting hyperglycaemia |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.16 | GCK | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: GCK were changed from Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Recessive; MODY2; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 606176; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3, 602485; Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset, 125853; Permanent neonatal diabetes; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 2; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (recessive); Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant); Diabetes mellitus, gestational, 125851; MODY, type II, 125851; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young; Neonatal diabetes; Fasting hyperglycaemia to Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3, OMIM:602485; Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset, OMIM:125853; MODY, type II, OMIM:125851; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal 1, OMIM:606176 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.15 | HNF1A |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Phenotypes were previous: Hepatic adenoma, somatic, 142330;Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young;{Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent}, 222100;Renal cell carcinoma, 144700;MODY, type III, 600496{Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 2}, 125853{Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent}, 222100Hepatic adenoma, somatic, 142330Renal cell carcinoma, 144700Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 20, 612520;Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 20, 612520;MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 3;MODY3;Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY);{Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 2}, 125853;MODY, type III, 600496;Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.15 | HNF1A | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: HNF1A were changed from Hepatic adenoma, somatic, 142330; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; {Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent}, 222100; Renal cell carcinoma, 144700; MODY, type III, 600496{Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 2}, 125853{Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent}, 222100Hepatic adenoma, somatic, 142330Renal cell carcinoma, 144700Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 20, 612520; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 20, 612520; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 3; MODY3; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 2}, 125853; MODY, type III, 600496; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young to Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 20, OMIM:612520; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 2}, OMIM:125853; MODY, type III, OMIM:600496 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.5 | ABCC8 |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Previous phenotypes: Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 6;Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant;transient neonatal diabetes (Dominant);Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 125853;DIABETES MELLITUS, NONINSULIN-DEPENDENT;Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal 2, 610374;Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 1, 256450;Hypoglycemia of infancy, leucine-sensitive, 240800;Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus;Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (recessive);Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 1, 256450Hypoglycemia of infancy, leucine-sensitive, 240800Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal 2, 610374Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 125853Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 6;Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus |
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| Monogenic diabetes v2.5 | ABCC8 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: ABCC8 were changed from Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 6; Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant; transient neonatal diabetes (Dominant); Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 125853; DIABETES MELLITUS, NONINSULIN-DEPENDENT; Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal 2, 610374; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 1, 256450; Hypoglycemia of infancy, leucine-sensitive, 240800; Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (recessive); Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 1, 256450Hypoglycemia of infancy, leucine-sensitive, 240800Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal 2, 610374Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 125853Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 6; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus to Transient Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus, MONDO:0020525 (dominant); Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, OMIM:125853; Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal 2, OMIM:610374; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 1, OMIM:256450; Hypoglycemia of infancy, leucine-sensitive, OMIM:240800; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus, MONDO:0100164(recessive) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v2.4 | AKT2 | Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: AKT2 were changed from Diabetes mellitus, type II, 125853; Severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy and diabetes to Diabetes mellitus, type II, OMIM:125853; Type 2 diabetes mellitus, MONDO:0005148 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v1.36 | SLC29A3 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: SLC29A3 were changed from Pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes (PHID) syndrome to Pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes (PHID) syndrome; H syndrome (hyperpigmentation, hypertrichosis, hepatosplenomegaly, heart anomalies, hearing loss, hypogonadism, low height, and hyperglycaemia) and PHID syndrome (pigmented hypertrichosis with insulin dependent diabetes); Histiocytosis-lymphadenopathy plus syndrome,602782 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v1.32 | PLIN1 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: PLIN1 were changed from partial lipodystrophy, severe dyslipidemia, and insulin-resistant diabetes; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 4, 613877 to partial lipodystrophy, severe dyslipidemia, and insulin-resistant diabetes; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 4, 613877; Severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy and diabetes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v1.26 | LMNA | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: LMNA were changed from FPLD2; LIPODYSTROPHY, FAMILIAL PARTIAL, TYPE 2; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 2, 151660; Lipoatrophy with Diabetes, Hepatic Steatosis, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, and Leukomelanodermic Papules to FPLD2; LIPODYSTROPHY, FAMILIAL PARTIAL, TYPE 2; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, 2, 151660; Lipoatrophy with Diabetes, Hepatic Steatosis, Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy, and Leukomelanodermic Papules; Severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy and diabetes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v1.25 | HNF4A | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: HNF4A were changed from {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 1; MODY1; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); MODY, type I, 125850; OMIM 616026; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young to {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young, Type 1; MODY1, 125850; Fanconi renotubular syndrome 4, with maturity-onset diabetes of the young 616026 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v1.24 | HNF4A | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: HNF4A were changed from {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 1; MODY1; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); MODY, type I, 125850; OMIM 616026; #616026; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young to {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 1; MODY1; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); MODY, type I, 125850; OMIM 616026; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v1.23 | GCK | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: GCK were changed from Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Recessive; MODY2; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 606176; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3, 602485; Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset, 125853; Permanent neonatal diabetes; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 2; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (recessive); Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant); Diabetes mellitus, gestational, 125851; MODY, type II, 125851; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young to Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Recessive; MODY2; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 606176; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3, 602485; Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset, 125853; Permanent neonatal diabetes; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 2; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (recessive); Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant); Diabetes mellitus, gestational, 125851; MODY, type II, 125851; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young; Neonatal diabetes; Fasting hyperglycaemia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v1.15 | AKT2 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: AKT2 were changed from Diabetes mellitus, type II, 125853 to Diabetes mellitus, type II, 125853; Severe insulin resistance, partial lipodystrophy and diabetes | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v1.5 | INSR | Ivone Leong Publications for gene: INSR were set to PMID: 8288049 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.8 | INSR | Ivone Leong reviewed gene: INSR: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.8 | INS | Ivone Leong reviewed gene: INS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.7 | INSR | Ivone Leong Source NHS GMS was added to INSR. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.7 | INS | Ivone Leong Source NHS GMS was added to INS. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | NSMCE2 |
Ellen McDonagh gene: NSMCE2 was added gene: NSMCE2 was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Red Mode of inheritance for gene: NSMCE2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NSMCE2 were set to 25105364 Phenotypes for gene: NSMCE2 were set to Dwarfism with extreme insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | PLIN1 | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes partial lipodystrophy, severe dyslipidemia, and insulin-resistant diabetes for gene: PLIN1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | PLIN1 |
Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes partial lipodystrophy, severe dyslipidemia, and insulin-resistant diabetes for gene: PLIN1 Publications for gene PLIN1 were changed from 21345103; 25114292 to 21345103 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | KCNJ11 | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Transient Neonatal diabetes mellitus (Dominant); Transient Neonatal, 3; Diabetes Mellitus, Transient Neonatal, 3; Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant; Diabetes Mellitus, Permanent Neonatal diabetes mellitus (Dominant and recessive); Diabetes, permanent neonatal, 606176; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, with neurologic features, 606176; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2, 601820; {Diabetes mellitus, type 2, susceptibility to}, 125853; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant); Diabetes Mellitus, Permanent Neonatal; Diabetes mellitus, trans; Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3, 610582 for gene: KCNJ11 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | KCNJ11 |
Ellen McDonagh gene: KCNJ11 was added gene: KCNJ11 was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ11 were set to Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 2, 601820Diabetes, permanent neonatal, 606176Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, with neurologic features, 606176{Diabetes mellitus, type 2, susceptibility to}, 125853Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal, 3, 610582; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young Mode of pathogenicity for gene: KCNJ11 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | HNF4A |
Ellen McDonagh gene: HNF4A was added gene: HNF4A was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: HNF4A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: HNF4A were set to {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 1; MODY1; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); MODY, type I, 125850; #616026; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | HNF1B | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Transient neonatal diabetes; Renal Cysts and Diabetes Syndrome; Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; RCAD; renal malformation; {Renal cell carcinoma}, 144700; Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome, 137920; RENAL CYSTS AND DIABETES SYNDROME for gene: HNF1B | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | HNF1A | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Hepatic adenoma, somatic, 142330; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; {Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent}, 222100; Renal cell carcinoma, 144700; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 20, 612520; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 3; MODY3; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 2}, 125853; MODY, type III, 600496; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young for gene: HNF1A | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | HNF1A |
Ellen McDonagh gene: HNF1A was added gene: HNF1A was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: HNF1A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: HNF1A were set to MODY, type III, 600496{Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 2}, 125853{Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent}, 222100Hepatic adenoma, somatic, 142330Renal cell carcinoma, 144700Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 20, 612520; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | PPARG | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Insulin resistance, severe, digenic; Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin-Dependent, with Acanthosis Nigricans and Hypertension; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3 for gene: PPARG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | PPARG | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Insulin resistance, severe, digenic 604367; Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3 604367 for gene: PPARG | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | PPARG |
Ellen McDonagh gene: PPARG was added gene: PPARG was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: PPARG was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: PPARG were set to Lipodystrophy, familial partial, type 3, 604367; FPLD3; {Diabetes, type 2}, 125853; Obesity, severe, 601665; Diabetes Mellitus, Noninsulin-Dependent, with Acanthosis Nigricans and Hypertension; Insulin resistance, severe, digenic, 604367; LIPODYSTROPHY, FAMILIAL PARTIAL, TYPE 3; [Obesity, resistance to]; Carotid intimal medial thickness 1, 609338 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | WFS1 | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes diabetes insipidus or optic atrophy; Wolfram-like syndrome, autosomal dominant, 614296; Deafness, autosomal dominant 6/14/38, 600965; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent,association with}; Deafness,autosomal dominant 6/14/38, 600965; Wolfram syndrome, 222300; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, association with}, 125853; ?Cataract 41,116400 for gene: WFS1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | NEUROD1 | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young for gene: NEUROD1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | NEUROD1 |
Ellen McDonagh gene: NEUROD1 was added gene: NEUROD1 was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: NEUROD1 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NEUROD1 were set to 26773576; 10545951; 26669242; 20573748 Phenotypes for gene: NEUROD1 were set to Maturity-onset diabetes of the young 6, 606394; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 6; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; MODY6; Permanent neonatal diabetes and cerebellar agenesis; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | INSR | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans, 610549; Leprechaunism, 246200; Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, 262190 for gene: INSR | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | INSR |
Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans; OMIM 610549 for gene: INSR Publications for gene INSR were changed from 8288049 to PMID: 8288049 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | INSR |
Ellen McDonagh gene: INSR was added gene: INSR was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: INSR was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: INSR were set to 8288049 Phenotypes for gene: INSR were set to Leprechaunism, 246200; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans, 610549; Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome, 262190; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Resistant, with Acanthosis Nigricans; OMIM 610549; Pineal Hyperplasia,Insulin- Resistant Diabetes Mellitus, and Somatic Abnormalities; Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin-Resistant, With Acanthosis Nigricans; Pineal Hyperplasia, Insulin-Resistant Diabetes Mellitus, And Somatic Abnormalities; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-resistant, with acanthosis nigricans; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 5, 609968; DIABETES MELLITUS, INSULIN-RESISTANT, WITH ACANTHOSIS NIGRICANS |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | INS | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant/Recessive; Hyperproinsulinemia, familial, with or without diabetes; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (Dominant); Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young for gene: INS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | INS |
Ellen McDonagh gene: INS was added gene: INS was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: INS was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: INS were set to MODY10; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 10, 613370; Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant/Recessive; Diabetes mellitus, insulin-dependent, 2, 125852; Permanent Neonatal diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus, type 1, 125852; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 10; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 606176; Hyperproinsulinemia, familial, with or without diabetes; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | ABCC8 | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 6; Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant; transient neonatal diabetes (Dominant); Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 125853; DIABETES MELLITUS, NONINSULIN-DEPENDENT; Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal 2, 610374; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 1, 256450; Hypoglycemia of infancy, leucine-sensitive, 240800; Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus for gene: ABCC8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | ABCC8 |
Ellen McDonagh gene: ABCC8 was added gene: ABCC8 was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCC8 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: ABCC8 were set to Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 1, 256450Hypoglycemia of infancy, leucine-sensitive, 240800Diabetes mellitus, transient neonatal 2, 610374Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, 125853Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 6; Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Dominant; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus (recessive) Mode of pathogenicity for gene: ABCC8 was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | GCK | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Transient Neonatal Diabetes, Recessive; MODY2; Maturity-Onset Diabetes Of The Young; Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent, late onset, 125853; Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY); Permanent neonatal diabetes; MATURITY-ONSET DIABETES OF THE YOUNG, TYPE 2; Diabetes mellitus, permanent neonatal, 606176; Permanent Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus; Hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia, familial, 3, 602485; Diabetes mellitus, gestational, 125851; MODY, type II, 125851; Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young for gene: GCK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | SLC2A2 |
Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}; Fanconi-Bickel syndrome for gene: SLC2A2 Publications for gene SLC2A2 were changed from 22831748; 23456528; 22660720 to 22831748; PMID: 23456528; 22660720 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | SLC2A2 |
Ellen McDonagh gene: SLC2A2 was added gene: SLC2A2 was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC2A2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC2A2 were set to 22831748; 23456528; 22660720 Phenotypes for gene: SLC2A2 were set to {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}; Fanconi-Bickel syndrome; Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, 227810 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | SLC29A3 | Ellen McDonagh Added phenotypes Pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes (PHID) syndrome for gene: SLC29A3 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | SLC29A3 |
Ellen McDonagh gene: SLC29A3 was added gene: SLC29A3 was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC29A3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SLC29A3 were set to 19336477 Phenotypes for gene: SLC29A3 were set to Pigmented hypertrichotic dermatosis with insulin-dependent diabetes (PHID) syndrome |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | LIPC |
Ellen McDonagh gene: LIPC was added gene: LIPC was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Red Mode of inheritance for gene: LIPC was set to Unknown Phenotypes for gene: LIPC were set to Hepatic lipase deficiency, 614025; [High density lipoprotein cholesterol level QTL 12], 612797; {Diabetes mellitus, noninsulin-dependent}, 125853 |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | ENPP1 |
Ellen McDonagh gene: ENPP1 was added gene: ENPP1 was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Red Mode of inheritance for gene: ENPP1 was set to Unknown Phenotypes for gene: ENPP1 were set to Ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of spine, 602475{Diabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependent, susceptibility to}, 125853{Obesity, susceptibility to}, 601665Arterial calcification, generalized, of infancy, 1, 208000Hypophos |
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| Monogenic diabetes v0.2 | PPP1R3A |
Ellen McDonagh gene: PPP1R3A was added gene: PPP1R3A was added to Monogenic diabetes. Sources: Expert Review Red Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP1R3A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R3A were set to Insulin resistance, severe, digenic |
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