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Fetal anomalies v6.152 MMP9 Arina Puzriakova Added phenotypes Metaphyseal anadysplasia 2, OMIM:613073 for gene: MMP9
Fetal anomalies v6.151 ZNF865 Ida Ertmanska gene: ZNF865 was added
gene: ZNF865 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF865 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ZNF865 were set to 40936200
Phenotypes for gene: ZNF865 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092
Review for gene: ZNF865 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 40936200 Bradbrook et al., 2025 Report of 18 unrelated individuals (Caucasian / Latino ethnicity) with developmental delay and shared dysmorphic features, harbouring heterozygous variants in ZNF865. Method: WGS / WES. Majority described as severely delayed, with speech delay and moderate to severe learning difficulties; avg age of walking = 24 months, 9/18 patients presented with hypotonia, 1 patient diagnosed with epilepsy, 9/15 had digit anomalies. On MRI, 8/14 patients had brain abnormalities, including hypoplasia of corpus callosum and ventriculomegaly - may be detected prenatally?. Shared dysmorphic features: broad nasal bridge, hypertelorism, low-set ears. 14 unique variants (nonsense of frameshift) were detected, mostly towards the C-terminus. Variants were confirmed as de novo in 15 individuals.
This gene is not yet linked to any phenotype in OMIM (accessed 30th Dec 2025).
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v6.147 MMP9 Natalie Chandler reviewed gene: MMP9: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 34407464, 28342220, 36035187; Phenotypes: Metaphyseal anadysplasia 2, OMIM:613073; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.142 FSD1L Ida Ertmanska gene: FSD1L was added
gene: FSD1L was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Q1_26_promote_green tags were added to gene: FSD1L.
Mode of inheritance for gene: FSD1L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FSD1L were set to 41720098; 41720099
Phenotypes for gene: FSD1L were set to neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092
Review for gene: FSD1L was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 41720098 Serpieri et al., 2026
Report of eleven individuals (including five fetuses) from six unrelated families harbouring biallelic FSD1L variants. Seq method: exome sequencing. Consanguinity was confirmed in 4/6 families, and suspected in the fifth.
Phenotype spectrum: severe intellectual disability (5/5 assessed from 3 families), epilepsy (5 individuals from 3 families), severe hydrocephalus (3 families), vision deficit due to optic nerve hypoplasia/atrophy (3 families), spastic tetraparesis (2 families) corpus callosum hypoplasia/agenesis on MRI (5/5 families assessed),

Variants detected - largely nonsense type:
Family A - homozygous c.409T>G (p.Leu137Val);
Family B - 3 affected fetuses homozygous for c.1411C>T (p.Gln471Ter);
Family C - sibs compound het for c.1228T>G (p.Phe410Val) and c.1251_1252insTAA (p.Thr418Ter);
Family D - affected individuals (1 fetal case) homozygous for c.1366G>C (p.Asp456His) - shown to impact splicing (r.406_442del), resulting in predicted p.Ser136LeufsTer19 change;
Family E - affected child with homozygous c.835C>T (p.Arg279Ter) change;
Family F - fetus homozygous for c.1260G>A (p.Trp420Ter);

Functional evidence: Fsd1l depletion in mouse embryos recapitulated the ventricular dilation observed in affected fetuses.

PMID 41720099 Lin et al., 2026
Report of 6 affected individuals from 4 families with retinitis pigmentosa. One individual underwent a full neurological evaluation, including brain neuroimaging, which revealed no evidence of central nervous system involvement.
FSD1L variants detected:
Family A: 2 sibs compound het for c.1049G>A (p.Arg350Gln) and c.1428del (p.Phe476Leufs∗22)
Family B: individual comp het for c.488G>A (p.Arg163His), c.488G>A & c.745C>T (p.Arg249∗)
Family C: 2 sibs compound het for c.488G>A (p.Arg163His) & c.226_227del (p.Ser77Argfs∗4)
Family D: individual compound het for c.1037_1038delinsT (p.Pro346Leufs∗8) and c.1025+624_1025+649del
Sibs from family A had mild neurological involvement (mild ID, spastic diplegia in one sibling).
Authors note that "specific combination and functional severity of the two alleles likely determines the clinical outcome", with non-LoF variants causing a milder effect (e.g., isolated retinal phenotype).

FSD1L is not yet associated with a phenotype in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v6.112 DISP1 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1. Among fetal cases, there are only 2 biallelic cases with DISP1 variants alone. Other individuals harboured biallelic variants in DISP1, as well as potentially pathogenic variants in other genes. Digenic inheritance appears to be common for this condition.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).; to: PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.112 DISP1 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: MOI should be set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal. There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).; to: There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1. Among fetal cases, there are only 2 biallelic cases with DISP1 variants alone. Other individuals harboured biallelic variants in DISP1, as well as potentially pathogenic variants in other genes. Digenic inheritance appears to be common for this condition.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.105 PTBP1 Arina Puzriakova changed review comment from: Comment on list classification: There is sufficient evidence to promote this gene to Green at the next GMS panel update based on 27 individuals from 25 families identified in PMID: 40965981 with start-loss (89%) or missense (11%) variants, confirmed de novo in 23/27 (plus 2 sibs with variant inherited from symptomatic mother, and segregation data unavailable in 2 others).

Skeletal anomalies were seen in 24 (89%), with the most prominent abnormalities comprising shortening and dysplasia of long bones and phalanges. Radiographic features included brachymetacarpia, brachymetatarsia, brachydactyly, brachytelephalangy, brachymesophalangy, and rhizomelia. Advanced bone maturation, cone-shaped epiphyses, and other features such as vertebral dysplasia were also observed.; to: Comment on list classification: There is sufficient evidence to promote this gene to Green at the next GMS panel update based on 27 individuals from 25 families identified in PMID: 40965981 with start-loss (89%) or missense (11%) variants, confirmed de novo in 23/27 (plus 2 sibs with variant inherited from symptomatic mother, and segregation data unavailable in 2 others).

Prenatal ultrasound was abnormal in thirteen (48%), revealing short femora (5/13, 38%), IUGR (31%), hydramnios (2/13, 15%), increased nuchal translucency (15%), asymmetry of heart cavities (1/13, 8%), and bilateral hydronephrosis (8%). It led to the diagnosis of skeletal dysplasia in two.
Fetal anomalies v6.101 DISP1 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: MOI should be set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal. There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).; to: MOI should be set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal. There are at least 10 individuals with holoprosencephaly with monoallelic variants in DISP1, and at least 10 with biallelic / compound heterozygous variants in DISP1.

PMID: 38529886 Lavillaureix et al., 2024
25 individuals with midline craniofacial defects, harbouring 23 DISP1 variants identified in heterozygous, compound heterozygous or homozygous states. Sequencing method: WES. The patients presented with holoprosencephaly of variable severity: microform (14/25), lobar (2/25), semi-alobar (2/25), and alobar (7/25). 9/25 individuals were fetuses with antenatal signs of failure of the prosencephalon to divide. As 5/9 patients with severe (alobar or semi-lobar) HPE had DISP1 variants as well as variants in other known HPE-linked genes from the SHH pathway (eg, SIX3, SHH, and PTCH1), the authors suggest oligogenic inheritance. Milder presentations (microform and lobar generally seem to arise either from monoallelic truncating variants, or biallelic missense variants in DISP1.

This gene is associated with AR/AD Holoprosencephaly 10, 621143 in OMIM (accessed 17th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.94 SIK3 Eleanor Williams Phenotypes for gene: SIK3 were changed from Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Krakow type, 618162 to ?Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Krakow type, OMIM:618162; spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Krakow type, MONDO:0032571
Fetal anomalies v6.90 EMX2 Ida Ertmanska commented on gene: EMX2: Comment on list classification: There are at least 4 unrelated families where individuals harbouring de novo variants in EMX2 have schizencephaly - a rare severe brain malformation, leading to neurologic deficits and developmental delay (PMIDs: 8528262, 9153481, 9359037). However, the 1996-1997 studies are limited by their sequencing method (targeted gene sequencing). Subsequent studies of 3 different schizencephaly patient cohorts showed that none of the 175 affected individuals carried pathogenic EMX2 mutations (PMIDs: 17506092, 18409201, 20157829).
No other schizencephaly cases with EMX2 variants were published in literature since 1997. Other genes, such as SIX3 and SHH, have been putatively linked to schizencephaly (PMID: 20157829). Furthermore, schizencephaly may stem from non-genetic causes, such as in utero viral infections, teratogen exposure, maternal trauma, and more (PMID: 18409201). Due to outdated / conflicting evidence, this gene should be downgraded to Amber for Fetal anomalies.
Fetal anomalies v6.85 CTGF Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: CTGF were changed from kyphomelic dysplasia, MONDO:0008881; spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, MONDO:0100510 to Kyphomelic dysplasia, OMIM:211350; kyphomelic dysplasia, MONDO:0008881; spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, MONDO:0100510
Fetal anomalies v6.46 EXOC6B Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: EXOC6B were changed from Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, type 3 to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, type 3, OMIM:618395
Fetal anomalies v6.35 CTGF Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: CTGF were changed from Kyphomelic dysplasia to kyphomelic dysplasia, MONDO:0008881; spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, MONDO:0100510
Fetal anomalies v6.29 MET Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: MET: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance:
Fetal anomalies v6.28 MET Stephanie Allen commented on gene: MET: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings in June & July 2025. The meetings included representatives of the North Thames and Central & South R21 testing GLHs and from the R21 Clinical Oversight Group. Clinical review and curation was performed by Natalie Chandler & Elizabeth Scotchman (North Thames GLH), Natalie Bibb, Stephanie Allen & Sarah Graham (Central & South GLH) and Alice Gardham, Esther Kinning, Vicki Harrison, Anna DeBurca, Natalie Canham, Elizabeth Wall, Sunayna Best, Soo-Mi Park & Sahar Mansour (R21 Clinical Oversight Group).
Fetal anomalies v6.24 MET Stephanie Allen reviewed gene: MET: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 30777867, 38429387; Phenotypes: ?Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v6.24 EXOC6B Natalie Bibb reviewed gene: EXOC6B: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 30284759, 26669664, 36150098; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, type 3; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.21 MET Arina Puzriakova gene: MET was added
gene: MET was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Red
Mode of inheritance for gene: MET was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: MET were set to 30777867; 38429387
Phenotypes for gene: MET were set to ?Arthrogryposis, distal, type 1
Fetal anomalies v6.21 EXOC6B Arina Puzriakova gene: EXOC6B was added
gene: EXOC6B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: EXOC6B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: EXOC6B were set to 30284759; 36150098; 26669664
Phenotypes for gene: EXOC6B were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity, type 3
Fetal anomalies v6.17 ACO2 Arina Puzriakova Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: Updated from 'BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal' to 'BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal' as isolated optic atrophy caused by heterozygous variants in this gene is not relevant to the fetal panel. Extraocular features are rare in dominant cases (11%) and would also not be relevant to this panel (e.g. hearing loss, ataxia, nystagmus, metabolic dysfunction) (PMID: 34056600)
Fetal anomalies v5.75 DDRGK1 Elizabeth Wall reviewed gene: DDRGK1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 35377455, 28263186, 35670300, 36243336; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Shohat type, MIM#602557; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.75 CYB5R3 Elizabeth Wall reviewed gene: CYB5R3: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 34467556; Phenotypes: Methemoglobinemia, type II, MIM#250800; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.70 TTC25 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: TTC25 were changed from Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 35, OMIM:617092; Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Left-Right Body Asymmetry Randomization to Ciliary dyskinesia, primary, 35, OMIM:617092
Fetal anomalies v5.54 RSPRY1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: RSPRY1 were changed from PROGRESSIVE SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA; Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Faden-Alkuraya type, OMIM:616723 to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Faden-Alkuraya type, OMIM:616723
Fetal anomalies v5.33 FN1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: FN1 were changed from Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, corner fracture type, OMIM:184255; Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia with Corner Fractures to Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, corner fracture type, OMIM:184255
Fetal anomalies v5.15 UFSP2 Sarah Graham reviewed gene: UFSP2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 32755715, 33473208, 28892125, 26428751; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Di Rocco type, MIM#617974, Beukes Hip Dysplasia, MIM#142669; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v5.15 TONSL Sarah Graham reviewed gene: TONSL: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 32959051, 30773277, 30773278; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, sponastrime type, MIM#271510; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.15 SGMS2 Stephanie Allen reviewed gene: SGMS2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 30779713, 32028018; Phenotypes: Calvarial doughnut lesions with bone fragility with or without spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, MIM#126550; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v5.15 RSPRY1 Soo-Mi Park reviewed gene: RSPRY1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 30063090, 38562122, 26365341; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Faden-Alkuraya type, MIM#616723; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.15 RPL13 Soo-Mi Park reviewed gene: RPL13: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 31630789; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Isidor-Toutain type, MIM#618728; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Fetal anomalies v5.15 PRKG2 Sarah Graham reviewed gene: PRKG2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 34680883, 33106379, 34782440; Phenotypes: Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Pagnamenta type, MIM#619638, Acromesomelic dysplasia 4, MIM#619636; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.15 LRRK1 Sahar Mansour reviewed gene: LRRK1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 32119750, 27055475, 31571209, 27829680; Phenotypes: Osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia (OSMD), MIM#615198; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.15 FN1 Anna de Burca reviewed gene: FN1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 32200603; Phenotypes: Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, corner fracture type, MIM#184255; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Fetal anomalies v5.15 FGF16 Sarah Graham reviewed gene: FGF16: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 24706454, 23709756, 25333065; Phenotypes: Metacarpal 4-5 fusion, MIM#309630; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Fetal anomalies v5.15 ERI1 Natalie Chandler reviewed gene: ERI1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 37352860, 36208065, 33942433, 28488351; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Guo-Campeau type, MIM#620663, Hoxha-Aliu syndrome, MIM#620662; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.15 DDRGK1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: DDRGK1: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 36243336, 35670300, 35377455, 28263186; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Shohat type, MIM#602557; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.15 CYB5R3 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: CYB5R3: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 34467556; Phenotypes: Methemoglobinemia, type II, MIM#250800; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.15 AXIN1 Alice Gardham reviewed gene: AXIN1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 37582359; Phenotypes: Craniometadiaphyseal osteosclerosis with hip dysplasia, MIM#620558; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.15 ABCD4 Alice Gardham reviewed gene: ABCD4: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 33729671; Phenotypes: Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblJ type, MIM#614857; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.13 UFSP2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: UFSP2 was added
gene: UFSP2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: UFSP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: UFSP2 were set to 28892125; 32755715; 33473208; 26428751
Phenotypes for gene: UFSP2 were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Di Rocco type, OMIM:617974; ?Hip dysplasia, Beukes type, OMIM:142669
Fetal anomalies v5.13 TONSL Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: TONSL was added
gene: TONSL was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: TONSL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TONSL were set to 32959051; 30773278; 30773277
Phenotypes for gene: TONSL were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, sponastrime type OMIM:271510
Fetal anomalies v5.13 SGMS2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: SGMS2 was added
gene: SGMS2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Red
Mode of inheritance for gene: SGMS2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: SGMS2 were set to 32028018; 30779713
Phenotypes for gene: SGMS2 were set to Calvarial doughnut lesions with bone fragility with or without spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, OMIM:126550
Fetal anomalies v5.13 RSPRY1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source NHS GMS was added to RSPRY1.
Added phenotypes Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Faden-Alkuraya type, OMIM:616723 for gene: RSPRY1
Publications for gene: RSPRY1 were updated from to 26365341; 38562122; 30063090
Fetal anomalies v5.13 RPL13 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: RPL13 was added
gene: RPL13 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL13 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: RPL13 were set to 31630789
Phenotypes for gene: RPL13 were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Isidor-Toutain type, OMIM:618728
Fetal anomalies v5.13 PRKG2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: PRKG2 was added
gene: PRKG2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRKG2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PRKG2 were set to 33106379; 34680883; 34782440
Phenotypes for gene: PRKG2 were set to Acromesomelic dysplasia 4, OMIM:619636; Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Pagnamenta type, OMIM:619638
Fetal anomalies v5.13 LRRK1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: LRRK1 was added
gene: LRRK1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: LRRK1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: LRRK1 were set to 32119750; 27829680; 27055475; 31571209
Phenotypes for gene: LRRK1 were set to Osteosclerotic metaphyseal dysplasia, OMIM:615198
Fetal anomalies v5.13 FN1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source NHS GMS was added to FN1.
Added phenotypes Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, corner fracture type, OMIM:184255 for gene: FN1
Publications for gene: FN1 were updated from to 32200603
Fetal anomalies v5.13 FGF16 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: FGF16 was added
gene: FGF16 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: FGF16 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Publications for gene: FGF16 were set to 25333065; 24706454; 23709756
Phenotypes for gene: FGF16 were set to Metacarpal 4-5 fusion, OMIM:309630
Fetal anomalies v5.13 ERI1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: ERI1 was added
gene: ERI1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: ERI1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ERI1 were set to 36208065; 37352860; 28488351; 33942433
Phenotypes for gene: ERI1 were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Guo-Campeau type, OMIM:620663; Hoxha-Aliu syndrome, OMIM:620662
Fetal anomalies v5.13 DDRGK1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: DDRGK1 was added
gene: DDRGK1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: DDRGK1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: DDRGK1 were set to 35670300; 35377455; 28263186; 36243336
Phenotypes for gene: DDRGK1 were set to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Shohat type, OMIM:602557
Fetal anomalies v5.13 CYB5R3 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source NHS GMS was added to CYB5R3.
Added phenotypes Methemoglobinemia, type II, OMIM:250800 for gene: CYB5R3
Publications for gene: CYB5R3 were updated from to 34467556
Fetal anomalies v5.13 AXIN1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: AXIN1 was added
gene: AXIN1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: AXIN1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: AXIN1 were set to 37582359
Phenotypes for gene: AXIN1 were set to Craniometadiaphyseal osteosclerosis with hip dysplasia, OMIM:620558
Fetal anomalies v5.11 ABCD4 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: ABCD4 were changed from METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA AND HOMOCYSTINURIA, CBLJ TYPE to Methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria, cblJ type, OMIM:614857
Fetal anomalies v4.160 SLC25A26 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A26 were changed from INTRA-MITOCHONDRIAL METHYLATION DEFICIENCY; Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 28, OMIM:616794 to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 28, OMIM:616794
Fetal anomalies v4.127 DNAJC19 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: DNAJC19 were changed from 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type V 610198 to 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type V, OMIM:610198
Fetal anomalies v4.59 GPX4 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: GPX4 were changed from SPONDYLOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, SEDAGHATIAN TYPE to Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Sedaghatian type, OMIM:250220
Fetal anomalies v4.35 PAM16 Natalie Chandler reviewed gene: PAM16: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 27354339, 24786642; Phenotypes: Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Megarbane-Dagher-Melike type, OMIM:613320; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.35 GPX4 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: GPX4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 24706940, 32827718; Phenotypes: Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Sedaghatian type MIM#250220; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.35 DNAJC19 Stephanie Allen reviewed gene: DNAJC19: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 17244376, 22797137, 16055927; Phenotypes: 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type V, OMIM:610198; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.34 PAM16 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: PAM16 was added
gene: PAM16 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: PAM16 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PAM16 were set to 27354339; 24786642
Phenotypes for gene: PAM16 were set to Spondylometaphyseal dysplasia, Megarbane-Dagher-Melike type, OMIM:613320
Fetal anomalies v3.154 ADA Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: ADA were changed from Combined B and T cell defect; Adenosine deaminase deficiency (Disorders of purine metabolism); SCID; Infantile enterocolitis & monogenic inflammatory bowel disease to Severe combined immunodeficiency due to ADA deficiency, OMIM:102700; Adenosine deaminase deficiency, partial, OMIM:102700
Fetal anomalies v3.153 ADA Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: ADA were changed from ADENOSINE DEAMINASE DEFICIENCY to Combined B and T cell defect; Adenosine deaminase deficiency (Disorders of purine metabolism); SCID; Infantile enterocolitis & monogenic inflammatory bowel disease
Fetal anomalies v3.8 SUCLA2 Stephanie Allen reviewed gene: SUCLA2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 17287286; Phenotypes: Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 5 (encephalomyopathic with or without methylmalonic aciduria), OMIM:612073; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v3.7 SUCLA2 Arina Puzriakova gene: SUCLA2 was added
gene: SUCLA2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: SUCLA2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: SUCLA2 were set to Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 5 (encephalomyopathic with or without methylmalonic aciduria), OMIM:612073
Fetal anomalies v2.8 TUBB2B Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: TUBB2B were changed from POLYMICROGYRIA ASYMMETRIC to Cortical dysplasia, complex, with other brain malformations 7, OMIM:610031
Fetal anomalies v1.981 ADAR Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: ADAR were changed from DYSCHROMATOSIS SYMMETRICA HEREDITARIA 1; AICARDI-GOUTIERES SYNDROME ASSOCIATED WITH A TYPE I INTERFERON SIGNATURE to Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 6, OMIM:615010; Dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria, OMIM:127400
Fetal anomalies v1.916 C1QBP Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: C1QBP were changed from Severe Neonatal-, Childhood-, or Later-Onset Cardiomyopathy Associated with Combined Respiratory-Chain Deficiencies to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 33, OMIM:617713; Cardiomyopathy; Myopathy; Metabolic acidosis; Ologohydramnios
Fetal anomalies v1.900 MRPS16 Rhiannon Mellis gene: MRPS16 was added
gene: MRPS16 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review,Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: MRPS16 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: MRPS16 were set to PMID: 28749478
Phenotypes for gene: MRPS16 were set to Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 2
Review for gene: MRPS16 was set to AMBER
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during a meeting on 21st October 2021 between representatives of the North Thames and Central & South R21 testing GLHs.

Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Alison Male, Rowenna Roberts, Rhiannon Mellis (North Thames GLH) and Stephanie Allen, Denise Williams and Esther Kinning (Central & South GLH).

Outcome of review: May be fetally relevant but currently limited evidence, support adding to the Fetal anomalies panel as Amber gene.

Details of review:
Amber on mitochondrial/inborn errors of metabolism etc. Not Green on any panel. One previous case reported with "agenesis of the corpus callosum, dysmorphism, and fatal neonatal lactic acidosis. The patient was small at birth, with dysmorphic facies, low-set ears, nonpitting edema of the limbs, brachydactyly, and redundant skin over the neck. She died of intractable metabolic acidosis at age 3 days." PMID:15505824 (2004).

One further fetal case reported by Shamseldin et al. 2018 (PMID: 28749478) with hydrops, very short long bones, and partial ACC
Sources: Expert Review, Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.900 ASXL3 Rhiannon Mellis edited their review of gene: ASXL3: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during a meeting on 21st October 2021 between representatives of the North Thames and Central & South R21 testing GLHs.

Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Alison Male, Rowenna Roberts, Rhiannon Mellis (North Thames GLH) and Stephanie Allen, Denise Williams and Esther Kinning (Central & South GLH).

Outcome of review: May be fetally relevant but still limited evidence, support keeping as Amber gene for now.

Details of review:
Previously reviewed as Amber as 2 fetal cases in literature: one from PMID: 32565546 with short CC and metopic synostosis, one from PMID: 29316359 with distal arthrogryposis and cerebellar vermian hypoplasia. Now there is one more fetal case reported with arthrogryposis - PMID: 33820833; Changed publications to: PMID: 33820833; Changed phenotypes to: Arthrogryposis
Fetal anomalies v1.900 C1QBP Rhiannon Mellis reviewed gene: C1QBP: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 32304219; Phenotypes: Combined oxidative phosphorylation deficiency 33, Cardiomyopathy, Myopathy, Metabolic acidosis, Ologohydramnios; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v1.810 CLPB Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: CLPB were changed from 3-METHYLGLUTACONIC ACIDURIA, TYPE VII, WITH CATARACTS, NEUROLOGIC INVOLVEMENT AND NEUTROPENIA to 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type VII, with cataracts, neurologic involvement and neutropenia, OMIM:616271
Fetal anomalies v1.802 CNBP_CCTG Arina Puzriakova STR: CNBP_CCTG was added
STR: CNBP_CCTG was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review
STR, NGS Not Validated tags were added to STR: CNBP_CCTG.
Mode of inheritance for STR: CNBP_CCTG was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes for STR: CNBP_CCTG were set to Myotonic dystrophy 2, OMIM:602668
Added comment: The mutation is a CCTG repeat expansion in intron 1 of the CNBP (ZNF9) gene. The range of expanded allele sizes is 75 to 11,000 CCTG repeats, whereas normal is up to 30.

The CCTG repeat tract in normal alleles typically contains one or more tetranucleotide interruptions. The sequence interruptions that are routinely found within the CCTG tracts of normal alleles are not found in sequenced pathogenic CCTG expansions of CNBP alleles. On transmission to the next generation, CNBP repeat length sometimes diminishes dramatically, without significant differences determined by the gender of the transmitting parent.
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Copied from Rhiannon Mellis (GOSH) review of gene CNBP on Fetal anomalies panel:

This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.
Sources: Expert Review
Fetal anomalies v1.749 CSF1R Rhiannon Mellis gene: CSF1R was added
gene: CSF1R was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review
Mode of inheritance for gene: CSF1R was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CSF1R were set to PMID: 30982608
Phenotypes for gene: CSF1R were set to Brain abnormalities, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis (BANDDOS)
Review for gene: CSF1R was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during a meeting on 21st October 2021 between representatives of the North Thames and Central & South R21 testing GLHs.

Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Alison Male, Rowenna Roberts, Rhiannon Mellis (North Thames GLH) and Stephanie Allen, Denise Williams and Esther Kinning (Central & South GLH).

Outcome of review: Confirmed that the phenotype is fetally relevant, support adding to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.

Details of review:
Homozygous variants cause Brain abnormalities, neurodegeneration, and dysosteosclerosis (BANDDOS). Skeletal phenotype is osteopetrosis, dysosteosclerosis, platyspondyly, widened metaphyses. Brain anomalies include ACC and Dandy walker. At least one reported case of prenatal presentation with multiple brain anomalies - PubMed: 30982608

NB Bilallelic LOF variants cause this condition with fetally relevant phenotype but Monoallelic variants with dominant-negative effect cause an adult-onset neurodegenerative disease. Only for fetal reporting in BIALLELIC form
Sources: Expert Review
Fetal anomalies v1.749 ACAN Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: ACAN: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, aggrecan type, MIM# 612813; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v1.720 WNT9B Zornitza Stark gene: WNT9B was added
gene: WNT9B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: WNT9B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: WNT9B were set to 34145744
Phenotypes for gene: WNT9B were set to Renal agenesis/hypoplasia/dysplasia
Review for gene: WNT9B was set to AMBER
Added comment: WNT9B plays a key role in the development of the mammalian urogenital system. It is essential for the induction of mesonephric and metanephric tubules, the regulation of renal tubule morphogenesis, and the regulation of renal progenitor cell expansion and differentiation. WNT9B−/− mice have renal agenesis/hypoplasia and reproductive tract abnormalities.

Lemire et al. (2021) report 4 individuals from 2 unrelated consanguineous families with bilateral renal agenesis/hypoplasia/dysplasia and homozygous variants in WNT9B. The proband from Family 1 had bilateral renal cystic dysplasia and chronic kidney disease, with 2 deceased siblings with bilateral renal hypoplasia/agenesis. The 3 affected family members were homozygous for a Gly317Arg missense variant in WNT9B. Proband from Family 2 had renal hypoplasia/dysplasia, chronic kidney disease, and was homozygous for a Pro5Alafs*52 nonsense variant in WNT9B. The proband's unaffected brother is also homozygous for the nonsense variant in WNT9B, suggesting nonpenetrance.

I wasn't sure which panel this is more pertinent to: we have added this gene to our CAKUT panel.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.446 MAP3K7 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: MAP3K7 were changed from Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome; FRONTOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA to Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome, OMIM:157800; Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome, MONDO:0008005; Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2, OMIM:617137; Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2, MONDO:0014935
Fetal anomalies v1.229 AMACR Rhiannon Mellis gene: AMACR was added
gene: AMACR was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: AMACR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: AMACR were set to Alpha-methylacyl-CoA racemase deficiency, 614307
Review for gene: AMACR was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.

Green on related panel(s): Peroxisomal disorders
Sources: Expert list
Fetal anomalies v1.214 IDH1 Rhiannon Mellis gene: IDH1 was added
gene: IDH1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: IDH1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Publications for gene: IDH1 were set to 22025298; 22057236; 22057234; 24049096
Phenotypes for gene: IDH1 were set to Metaphyseal chondromatosis with D-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria 614875; Maffucci syndrome 614569; Ollier disease/ Dyschondroplasia 166000
Review for gene: IDH1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.

Green on related panel(s): Skeletal dysplasia

Copied from skeletal dysplasias panel: Lysosomal storage diseases with skeletal involvement (dysostosis multiplex gp of SD), disorganized development of skeletal components gp of SD - Somatic mosaicism seen in at least 3 cases with enchondromatosis (various types)/ metaphyseal chondromatosis. amber/green -Somatic mosaic missense variants in enchondromas. Listed in Bonafe (MetaphysealchondromatosiswithD-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria).
Sources: Expert list
Fetal anomalies v1.214 MAP3K7 Rhiannon Mellis reviewed gene: MAP3K7: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Frontometaphyseal dysplasia 2, Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Fetal anomalies v1.185 TBC1D32 Rhiannon Mellis gene: TBC1D32 was added
gene: TBC1D32 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TBC1D32 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: TBC1D32 were set to PMID: 32573025; 31130284; 32060556
Phenotypes for gene: TBC1D32 were set to OFD IX
Review for gene: TBC1D32 was set to GREEN
Added comment: Now 5 families reported:

The same group who reported the first individual with a ciliopathy phenotype (Adly et al 2014) now report two further unrelated fetal cases (Alsahan 2020, Monies et al 2019) with OFD/ciliopathy phenotype:

- One had polyhydramnios, hydrocephaly with enlarged biparietal diameter and dilated lateral ventricles, single nostril, anophthalmia, short long bones and echogenic lungs
- The other had holoprosencephaly, cyclops, cleft lip, ventricular septal defect, agenesis of corpus callosum, and club feet

- There are also two sib pairs (one Finnish, one Pakistani) reported by Hietamaki et al 2020 with TBC1D32 variants and a variable phenotype of pituitary hypoplasia +/- other midline defects, hydrocephalus, short limbs, polydactyly
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.185 TRMT10A Rhiannon Mellis gene: TRMT10A was added
gene: TRMT10A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRMT10A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TRMT10A were set to Microcephaly, short stature, and impaired glucose metabolism 1
Review for gene: TRMT10A was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel (Severe microcephaly). Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.111 MAPRE2 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: MAPRE2 were changed from Circumferential Skin Creases Kunze Type to Symmetric circumferential skin creases, congenital, 2, 616734
Fetal anomalies v1.95 AHCY Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: AHCY: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 31957987; Phenotypes: Hypermethioninemia with deficiency of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, 613752; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v1.74 AMBRA1 Zornitza Stark gene: AMBRA1 was added
gene: AMBRA1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: AMBRA1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: AMBRA1 were set to 17589504; 32333458
Phenotypes for gene: AMBRA1 were set to Neural tube defects
Review for gene: AMBRA1 was set to GREEN
gene: AMBRA1 was marked as current diagnostic
Added comment: 5 rare missense variants were identified in 6 cases from a neural tube defect cohort, and 4 (p.Thr80Met, p.Leu274Phe, p.Ser743Phe, and p.Met884Val) of them were functionally validated to affect autophagy regulation in vitro or zebrafish embryo development in vivo. There is also null mouse model with neural tube defects.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.46 AHCY Rebecca Foulger Phenotypes for gene: AHCY were changed from S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency; Hypermethioninemia with deficiency of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, 613752 to Fetal hydrops; S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency; Hypermethioninemia with deficiency of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, 613752
Fetal anomalies v1.44 AHCY Rebecca Foulger Phenotypes for gene: AHCY were changed from S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency to S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase deficiency; Hypermethioninemia with deficiency of S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase, 613752
Fetal anomalies v0.367 BICD2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: BICD2: PMID:28635954 (Storbeck et al., 2017) describe 3 individuals of independent families with severe severe arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), respiratory insufficiency, and early lethality caused by three BICD2 variants (p.Arg694Cys, p.Gln194Arg and p.Cys542Trp, 2 of which are proven to be de novo). They also describe an asymptomatic women with subclinical findings with the previously described p.(Thr703Met) variant.
Fetal anomalies v0.351 SIK3 Rebecca Foulger Phenotypes for gene: SIK3 were changed from ?Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Krakow type, 618162 to Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Krakow type, 618162
Fetal anomalies v0.349 SIK3 Rebecca Foulger gene: SIK3 was added
gene: SIK3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Other
Mode of inheritance for gene: SIK3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SIK3 were set to 30232230; 22318228
Phenotypes for gene: SIK3 were set to ?Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, Krakow type, 618162
Added comment: Added to panel as suggested by Rhinannon Mellis. One pair of siblings with spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia reported in PMID:30232230 (Csukasi et al., 2018) plus one clinical case of suspected skeletal dysplasia prenatally.
Sources: Other
Fetal anomalies v0.311 ABCD4 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: ABCD4: This gene was re-reviewed in a consistency check by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team), and at a Fetal Working Group call on July 19th 2019 by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Richard Scott, Rhiannon Mellis, Rebecca Foulger and Ellen McDonagh. Outcome of review: Rate as Green all genes associated with cobalamin metabolism which have a perinatal phenotype listed in PMID:20301503 (Table 4). Although ABCD4 (CblJ complementation group) is associated with congenital heart disease in PMID:20301503, the Disease confidence rating in Gene2Phenotype is 'probable' with two compound het cases listed in OMIM. Therefore kept rating as Amber awaiting further evidence.
Fetal anomalies v0.311 MMACHC Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: MMACHC: Added comment: This gene was re-reviewed in a consistency check by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team), and at a Fetal Working Group call on July 19th 2019 by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Richard Scott, Rhiannon Mellis, Rebecca Foulger and Ellen McDonagh. Outcome of review: Rate as Green all genes associated with cobalamin metabolism which have a perinatal phenotype listed in PMID:20301503 (Table 4).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 20301503
Fetal anomalies v0.311 LMBRD1 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: LMBRD1: Added comment: This gene was re-reviewed in a consistency check by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team), and at a Fetal Working Group call on July 19th 2019 by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Richard Scott, Rhiannon Mellis, Rebecca Foulger and Ellen McDonagh. Outcome of review: Rate as Green all genes associated with cobalamin metabolism which have a perinatal phenotype listed in PMID:20301503 (Table 4). Plus Anna de Burca notes that in PMID:19136951: 4/12 cases had congenital heart disease.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 20301503, 19136951
Fetal anomalies v0.311 MMADHC Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: MMADHC: Added comment: This gene was re-reviewed in a consistency check by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team), and at a Fetal Working Group call on July 19th 2019 by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Richard Scott, Rhiannon Mellis, Rebecca Foulger and Ellen McDonagh. Outcome of review: Rate as Green all genes associated with cobalamin metabolism which have a perinatal phenotype listed in PMID:20301503 (Hydrocephalus- Table 4).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 20301503
Fetal anomalies v0.311 HCFC1 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: HCFC1: Added comment: This gene was re-reviewed in a consistency check by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team), and at a Fetal Working Group call on July 19th 2019 by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Richard Scott, Rhiannon Mellis, Rebecca Foulger and Ellen McDonagh. Outcome of review: Rate as Green all genes associated with cobalamin metabolism which have a perinatal phenotype listed in PMID:20301503 (Table 4).; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed publications: 20301503
Fetal anomalies v0.311 GALC Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: GALC: Added comment: This gene was re-reviewed in a consistency check by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team). GALC falls into the early onset leukodystrophy category and should be included as Green on the basis of the possibility that something which could present at 3 months could conceivably present at -3 months.; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.311 GCDH Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: GCDH: Added comment: This gene was re-reviewed in a consistency check by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team). Outcome of review: Phenotypes include macrocephaly, structural brain- usually present with metabolic crises. Therefore upgrade from Red to Green.; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.311 FH Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: FH: Added comment: This gene was re-reviewed in a consistency check by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team), and at a Fetal Working Group call on July 19th 2019 by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Richard Scott, Rhiannon Mellis, Rebecca Foulger and Ellen McDonagh. Discussions and outcome of review: FH is biallelic for 'Fumarase deficiency', and monoallelic for 'Leiomyomatosis and renal cell cancer'. Fumarase deficiency can sometimes have prenatal onset: polyhydramnios & brain malformations. Include for biallelic inheritance only to avoid risk of incidental cancer finding. Therefore FH was upgraded from Red to Green.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v0.278 H19 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: H19: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in Spring 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Epigenetic. Action taken: Demoted H19 gene rating from Green to Red. Additional notes from clinical review: Relevant variants are in the upstream methylation region rather than the coding region, and therefore won't be detected on the exome.
Fetal anomalies v0.222 BGN Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: BGN: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March and April 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Originally rated Amber based on DDG2P Disease confidence of 'both DD and IF' for at least one disorder. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: include on the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene. Additional notes from clinical review: Review of BGN as Amber by Anna was before group review of the panel began. Following group review, it was decided that BGN should be included for the skeletal phenotype (Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia) with X-linked RECESSIVE inheritance.; Changed rating: GREEN; Changed mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Fetal anomalies v0.153 PCCB Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: PCCB: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Phenotype is not fetally-relevant. Additional notes from clinical review: Probably all features are secondary to the metabolite accumulation postnatally. Action taken: Demoted PCCB gene rating from Green to Red.; Changed rating: RED
Fetal anomalies v0.153 PCCA Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: PCCA: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Phenotype is not fetally-relevant. Additional notes from clinical review: Probably all features are secondary to the metabolite accumulation postnatally. Action taken: Demoted PCCA gene rating from Green to Red.; Changed rating: RED
Fetal anomalies v0.153 OTC Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: OTC: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Phenotype is not fetally-relevant. Additional notes from clinical review: Phenotypes are not structural- entirely metabolic and only presents when feeding begins. Action taken: Demoted OTC gene rating from Green to Red.; Changed rating: RED
Fetal anomalies v0.142 ALDH18A1 Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: Mode of inheritance in original PAGE file was Monoallelic for 'CUTIS LAXA, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 3' and 'SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA 9, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT', and Biallelic for 'MENTAL RETARDATION-JOINT HYPERMOBILITY-SKIN LAXITY WITH OR WITHOUT METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES'. Clinical review confirmed that ALDH18A1 should be on the panel with both monoallelic and biallelic inheritance.
Fetal anomalies v0.126 FARS2 Rebecca Foulger gene: FARS2 was added
gene: FARS2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Green
Mode of inheritance for gene: FARS2 was set to
Publications for gene: FARS2 were set to 29326872; 28043061; 27095821; 29126765; 27549011
Phenotypes for gene: FARS2 were set to Neurometabolic disorder due to FARS2 deficiency
Fetal anomalies v0.84 EMG1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: EMG1: Communication from Deirdre Cilliers, Oxford University Hospitals (via email, February 2019): Yes [EMG1 should be on the Fetal anomalies panel]. There are structural findings that will be identified on ultrasound scan, namely IUGR, microcephaly, cleft lip and hypospadias (even rocker bottom feet can sometimes be identified on ultrasound scan, although testing would not be offered for this in isolation). These findings are less frequent in the condition, but will be ascertained prenatally. Poor outcome also and this would be useful information for parents to consider in pregnancy – although it is a rare condition.
Fetal anomalies v0.48 BGN Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: MOI listed in OMIM as XL for Meester-Loeys syndrome, and XLR for Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, X-linked.
Fetal anomalies v0.47 BGN Rebecca Foulger Phenotypes for gene: BGN were changed from Severe syndromic form of thoracic aortic aneurysm & dissection; X-Linked Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia to Severe syndromic form of thoracic aortic aneurysm & dissection; X-Linked Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia; Meester-Loeys syndrome, 300989; Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, X-linked, 300106
Fetal anomalies v0.41 BGN Anna de Burca reviewed gene: BGN: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 27236923, 27632686; Phenotypes: Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia, X-linked, Meester-Loeys syndrome; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v0.22 HAAO Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on list classification: Updated rating from Amber to Green: Rated Green on relevant V1 panel(s) PLUS phenotype (MIM:617660) appropriate for fetal panel, as noted by Helen Brittain and Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical team). The literature evidence amounts to 2 unrelated patients, each born of consanguineous parents, with vertebral, cardiac, renal, and limb defects syndrome-1 (MIM:617660) and homozygous truncating variants in HAAO (Shi et al. 2017, PMID:28792876). However, the comment on the 'VACTERL-like phenotypes', 'Undiagnosed metabolic disorders' and 'CAKUT' panels states "Confirmed with the clinical team that this gene has enough evidence to be green".
Fetal anomalies v0.9 TUBB2B Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: TUBB2B: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for POLYMICROGYRIA ASYMMETRIC
Fetal anomalies v0.9 TRPV4 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: TRPV4: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SPONDYLOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, KOZLOWSKI TYPE and Confirmed for METATROPIC DYSPLASIA.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 SLC39A13 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: SLC39A13: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA WITH ABNORMAL DENTITION and Confirmed for EHLERS-DANLOS SYNDROME-LIKE SPONDYLOCHEIRODYSPLASIA.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 PTH1R Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: PTH1R: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for PRIMARY FAILURE OF TOOTH ERUPTION, Confirmed for JANSEN METAPHYSEAL CHONDRODYSPLASIA, Confirmed for EIKEN SKELETAL DYSPLASIA, and Confirmed for CHONDRODYSPLASIA BLOMSTRAND TYPE.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 MMP13 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: MMP13: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA MISSOURI TYPE and Confirmed for METAPHYSEAL ANADYSPLASIA TYPE 1.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 MAP3K7 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: MAP3K7: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for Cardiospondylocarpofacial syndrome and Probable for FRONTOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 LIAS Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: LIAS: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for Neonatal-onset epilepsy, defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, and glycine elevation
Fetal anomalies v0.9 KIF22 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: KIF22: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA WITH JOINT LAXITY, TYPE 2
Fetal anomalies v0.9 HSD17B10 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: HSD17B10: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for 2-METHYL-3-HYDROXYBUTYRYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY and Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED TYPE 10.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 HMGCS2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: HMGCS2: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COA SYNTHASE 2 DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.9 FN1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: FN1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia with Corner Fractures
Fetal anomalies v0.9 FLNA Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: FLNA: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for OTOPALATODIGITAL SYNDROME TYPE 1, Confirmed for EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY, Confirmed for TERMINAL OSSEOUS DYSPLASIA, Confirmed for MELNICK-NEEDLES SYNDROME, Confirmed for X-LINKED CONGENITAL IDIOPATHIC INTESTINAL PSEUDOOBSTRUCTION, Confirmed for OTOPALATODIGITAL SYNDROME TYPE 2, Confirmed for FRONTOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, Confirmed for FG SYNDROME TYPE 2 and Confirmed for PERIVENTRICULAR NODULAR HETEROTOPIA TYPE 1.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 DDR2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: DDR2: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA SHORT LIMB-HAND TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.9 COL2A1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: COL2A1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for KNIEST DYSPLASIA, Confirmed for ACHONDROGENESIS TYPE 2, Confirmed for PLATYSPONDYLIC LETHAL SKELETAL DYSPLASIA TORRANCE TYPE, Confirmed for STICKLER SYNDROME TYPE 1 NON-SYNDROMIC OCULAR, Confirmed for SPONDYLOPERIPHERAL DYSPLASIA, Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA STRUDWICK TYPE, Confirmed for RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT and Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA CONGENITA.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 COL10A1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: COL10A1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SCHMID TYPE METAPHYSEAL CHONDRODYSPLASIA
Fetal anomalies v0.9 C21orf2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: C21orf2: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for Axial Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia
Fetal anomalies v0.9 ANKH Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: ANKH: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for CRANIOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA JACKSON TYPE and Confirmed for CHONDROCALCINOSIS 2.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 ALDH18A1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: ALDH18A1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA 9, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION-JOINT HYPERMOBILITY-SKIN LAXITY WITH OR WITHOUT METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES, and Confirmed for CUTIS LAXA, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 3.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 ACAN Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: ACAN: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA TYPE KIMBERLEY and Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA AGGRECAN TYPE.
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TUBB2B Rebecca Foulger gene: TUBB2B was added
gene: TUBB2B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBB2B was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: TUBB2B were set to POLYMICROGYRIA ASYMMETRIC
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TTC25 Rebecca Foulger gene: TTC25 was added
gene: TTC25 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC25 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TTC25 were set to Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia with Left-Right Body Asymmetry Randomization
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TRPV4 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes METATROPIC DYSPLASIA for gene: TRPV4
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TRPV4 Rebecca Foulger gene: TRPV4 was added
gene: TRPV4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRPV4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: TRPV4 were set to SPONDYLOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, KOZLOWSKI TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TANGO2 Rebecca Foulger gene: TANGO2 was added
gene: TANGO2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TANGO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TANGO2 were set to Infancy-Onset Recurrent Metabolic Crises with Encephalocardiomyopathy
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SLC39A13 Rebecca Foulger gene: SLC39A13 was added
gene: SLC39A13 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC39A13 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: SLC39A13 were set to SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA WITH ABNORMAL DENTITION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SLC25A26 Rebecca Foulger gene: SLC25A26 was added
gene: SLC25A26 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC25A26 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: SLC25A26 were set to INTRA-MITOCHONDRIAL METHYLATION DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SLC19A3 Rebecca Foulger gene: SLC19A3 was added
gene: SLC19A3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC19A3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: SLC19A3 were set to THIAMINE METABOLISM DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME 2
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SECISBP2 Rebecca Foulger gene: SECISBP2 was added
gene: SECISBP2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: SECISBP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: SECISBP2 were set to THYROID HORMONE METABOLISM, ABNORMAL
Fetal anomalies v0.1 RSPRY1 Rebecca Foulger gene: RSPRY1 was added
gene: RSPRY1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: RSPRY1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: RSPRY1 were set to PROGRESSIVE SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PTH1R Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes JANSEN METAPHYSEAL CHONDRODYSPLASIA for gene: PTH1R
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PIEZO2 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes Ataxia, dysmetria, contractures & scoliosis with normal cognition but loss of discriminative touch perception for gene: PIEZO2
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PCYT1A Rebecca Foulger gene: PCYT1A was added
gene: PCYT1A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PCYT1A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PCYT1A were set to SPONDYLOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA WITH CONE-ROD DYSTROPHY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PAPSS2 Rebecca Foulger gene: PAPSS2 was added
gene: PAPSS2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PAPSS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PAPSS2 were set to SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA PAKISTANI TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 NKX3-2 Rebecca Foulger gene: NKX3-2 was added
gene: NKX3-2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: NKX3-2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: NKX3-2 were set to SPONDYLO-MEGAEPIPHYSEAL-METAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA
Fetal anomalies v0.1 NAXE Rebecca Foulger gene: NAXE was added
gene: NAXE was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: NAXE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: NAXE were set to Lethal Neurometabolic Disorder of Early Childhood
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MUT Rebecca Foulger gene: MUT was added
gene: MUT was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MUT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MUT were set to METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA TYPE MUT
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MTR Rebecca Foulger gene: MTR was added
gene: MTR was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MTR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MTR were set to METHYLCOBALAMIN DEFICIENCY TYPE G
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MTHFR Rebecca Foulger gene: MTHFR was added
gene: MTHFR was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MTHFR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MTHFR were set to METHYLENETETRAHYDROFOLATE REDUCTASE DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MMP13 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes METAPHYSEAL ANADYSPLASIA TYPE 1 for gene: MMP13
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MMP13 Rebecca Foulger gene: MMP13 was added
gene: MMP13 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MMP13 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MMP13 were set to SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA MISSOURI TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MMADHC Rebecca Foulger gene: MMADHC was added
gene: MMADHC was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MMADHC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MMADHC were set to METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA AND HOMOCYSTINURIA TYPE CBLD
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MMACHC Rebecca Foulger gene: MMACHC was added
gene: MMACHC was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MMACHC was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MMACHC were set to METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA AND HOMOCYSTINURIA, CBLC TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MMAB Rebecca Foulger gene: MMAB was added
gene: MMAB was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MMAB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MMAB were set to METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA TYPE CBLB
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MMAA Rebecca Foulger gene: MMAA was added
gene: MMAA was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MMAA was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MMAA were set to METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA TYPE CBLA
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MCEE Rebecca Foulger gene: MCEE was added
gene: MCEE was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCEE was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MCEE were set to METHYLMALONYL-COA EPIMERASE DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MCCC2 Rebecca Foulger gene: MCCC2 was added
gene: MCCC2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCCC2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MCCC2 were set to 3-METHYLCROTONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE 2 DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MCCC1 Rebecca Foulger gene: MCCC1 was added
gene: MCCC1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MCCC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MCCC1 were set to 3-METHYLCROTONYL-COA CARBOXYLASE DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MAT1A Rebecca Foulger gene: MAT1A was added
gene: MAT1A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAT1A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MAT1A were set to METHIONINE ADENOSYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MAP3K7 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes FRONTOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA for gene: MAP3K7
Fetal anomalies v0.1 LMBRD1 Rebecca Foulger gene: LMBRD1 was added
gene: LMBRD1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: LMBRD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: LMBRD1 were set to METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA AND HOMOCYSTINURIA TYPE CBLF
Fetal anomalies v0.1 LIAS Rebecca Foulger gene: LIAS was added
gene: LIAS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: LIAS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: LIAS were set to Neonatal-onset epilepsy, defective mitochondrial energy metabolism, and glycine elevation
Fetal anomalies v0.1 KIF22 Rebecca Foulger gene: KIF22 was added
gene: KIF22 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF22 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: KIF22 were set to SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA WITH JOINT LAXITY, TYPE 2
Fetal anomalies v0.1 HSD17B10 Rebecca Foulger gene: HSD17B10 was added
gene: HSD17B10 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: HSD17B10 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: HSD17B10 were set to 2-METHYL-3-HYDROXYBUTYRYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 HMGCS2 Rebecca Foulger gene: HMGCS2 was added
gene: HMGCS2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: HMGCS2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: HMGCS2 were set to 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COA SYNTHASE 2 DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 HMGCL Rebecca Foulger gene: HMGCL was added
gene: HMGCL was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: HMGCL was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: HMGCL were set to 3-HYDROXY-3-METHYLGLUTARYL-COENZYME A LYASE DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 GPX4 Rebecca Foulger gene: GPX4 was added
gene: GPX4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: GPX4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: GPX4 were set to SPONDYLOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA, SEDAGHATIAN TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 GAMT Rebecca Foulger gene: GAMT was added
gene: GAMT was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: GAMT was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: GAMT were set to GUANIDINOACETATE METHYLTRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FN1 Rebecca Foulger gene: FN1 was added
gene: FN1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: FN1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: FN1 were set to Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia with Corner Fractures
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FLNA Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes FRONTOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA for gene: FLNA
Fetal anomalies v0.1 DSG1 Rebecca Foulger gene: DSG1 was added
gene: DSG1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: DSG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: DSG1 were set to SEVERE DERMATITIS, MULTIPLE ALLERGIES AND METABOLIC WASTING
Fetal anomalies v0.1 DNAJC19 Rebecca Foulger gene: DNAJC19 was added
gene: DNAJC19 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE Additional Gene List,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: DNAJC19 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: DNAJC19 were set to 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type V 610198
Fetal anomalies v0.1 DDR2 Rebecca Foulger gene: DDR2 was added
gene: DDR2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: DDR2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: DDR2 were set to SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA SHORT LIMB-HAND TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CYB5R3 Rebecca Foulger gene: CYB5R3 was added
gene: CYB5R3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: CYB5R3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CYB5R3 were set to METHEMOGLOBINEMIA DUE TO DEFICIENCY OF METHEMOGLOBIN REDUCTASE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 COL2A1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA STRUDWICK TYPE for gene: COL2A1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 COL10A1 Rebecca Foulger gene: COL10A1 was added
gene: COL10A1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: COL10A1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: COL10A1 were set to SCHMID TYPE METAPHYSEAL CHONDRODYSPLASIA
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CLPB Rebecca Foulger gene: CLPB was added
gene: CLPB was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CLPB was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CLPB were set to 3-METHYLGLUTACONIC ACIDURIA, TYPE VII, WITH CATARACTS, NEUROLOGIC INVOLVEMENT AND NEUTROPENIA
Fetal anomalies v0.1 C21orf2 Rebecca Foulger gene: C21orf2 was added
gene: C21orf2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: C21orf2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: C21orf2 were set to Axial Spondylometaphyseal Dysplasia
Fetal anomalies v0.1 BGN Rebecca Foulger gene: BGN was added
gene: BGN was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: BGN was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: BGN were set to X-Linked Spondyloepimetaphyseal Dysplasia
Fetal anomalies v0.1 B3GALT6 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA WITH JOINT LAXITY TYPE 1 for gene: B3GALT6
Fetal anomalies v0.1 AUH Rebecca Foulger gene: AUH was added
gene: AUH was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: AUH was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: AUH were set to 3-METHYLGLUTACONIC ACIDURIA TYPE 1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ANKH Rebecca Foulger gene: ANKH was added
gene: ANKH was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: ANKH was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: ANKH were set to CRANIOMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA JACKSON TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ALDH18A1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION-JOINT HYPERMOBILITY-SKIN LAXITY WITH OR WITHOUT METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES for gene: ALDH18A1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ADAR Rebecca Foulger gene: ADAR was added
gene: ADAR was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: ADAR was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: ADAR were set to DYSCHROMATOSIS SYMMETRICA HEREDITARIA 1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ACAT1 Rebecca Foulger gene: ACAT1 was added
gene: ACAT1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: ACAT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: ACAT1 were set to ALPHA-METHYLACETOACETIC ACIDURIA
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ACAN Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA AGGRECAN TYPE for gene: ACAN
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ABCD4 Rebecca Foulger gene: ABCD4 was added
gene: ABCD4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: ABCD4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: ABCD4 were set to METHYLMALONIC ACIDURIA AND HOMOCYSTINURIA, CBLJ TYPE