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Fetal anomalies v6.196 ITCH Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: As reviewed by Ludmila Volozonoka, the single patient from PMID:36338154 is the only reported case presenting prenatally with intrauterine growth retardation. Hence, this gene can only be rated red on Fetal anomalies panel. This gene is rated with red rating on the fetal panel from PanelApp Australia.

This gene has already been rated green or proposed for green rating on panels relevant for this multi-system phenotype such as R15 Primary immunodeficiency or monogenic inflammatory bowel disease, R413 Autoinflammatory disorders and R27 Paediatric disorders (via DDG2P panel).; to: As reviewed by Ludmila Volozonoka, the single patient from PMID:36338154 is the only reported case presenting prenatally with intrauterine growth retardation. Hence, this gene can only be rated red on Fetal anomalies panel. This gene is rated with red rating on the fetal panel from PanelApp Australia.

This gene has been associated with 'Autoimmune disease, multisystem, with facial dysmorphism' phenotype (MIM #613385) in OMIM (last accessed 29 April 2026).

This gene has already been rated green or proposed for green rating on panels relevant for this multi-system phenotype such as R15 Primary immunodeficiency or monogenic inflammatory bowel disease, R413 Autoinflammatory disorders and R27 Paediatric disorders (via DDG2P panel).
Fetal anomalies v6.194 ITCH Achchuthan Shanmugasundram edited their review of gene: ITCH: Added comment: As reviewed by Ludmila Volozonoka, the single patient from PMID:36338154 is the only reported case presenting prenatally with intrauterine growth retardation. Hence, this gene can only be rated red on Fetal anomalies panel. This gene is rated with red rating on the fetal panel from PanelApp Australia.

This gene has already been rated green or proposed for green rating on panels relevant for this multi-system phenotype such as R15 Primary immunodeficiency or monogenic inflammatory bowel disease, R413 Autoinflammatory disorders and R27 Paediatric disorders (via DDG2P panel).; Changed rating: RED; Changed publications to: 36338154; Changed phenotypes to: Autoimmune disease, multisystem, with facial dysmorphism, OMIM:613385, syndromic multisystem autoimmune disease due to ITCH deficiency, MONDO:0013245; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.188 WDHD1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: WDHD1 was added
gene: WDHD1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Q2_26_promote_green tags were added to gene: WDHD1.
Mode of inheritance for gene: WDHD1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: WDHD1 were set to 41962535
Phenotypes for gene: WDHD1 were set to microcephalic osteodysplastic primordial dwarfism, MONDO:0000060; Intrauterine growth retardation, HP:0001511
Review for gene: WDHD1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID:41962535 (2026) reported the identification of biallelic hypomorphic variants in WDHD1 gene in 17 patients from 14 families with microcephalic primordial dwarfism (MPD) and a broad spectrum of additional abnormalities including acute liver failure. IUGR and/ or other foetal abnormalities such as microcephaly and oligohydramnios were reported in all cases. Four cases from three families had prenatal death or termination of pregnancy. There is also functional evidence available from patient-derived fibroblasts which supports the disease association.

This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes either in OMIM or in Gene2Phenotype (records last accessed 14 April 2026).
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v6.183 FGFR1 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: PMID: 27055092 Mazen et al., 2016
Male patient with congenital heart disease (CHD) and ambiguous genitalia, referred at 15 months. Consanguineous parents, positive family history for CHD. Trio WES revealed a homozygous FGFR1 c.1418G>A variant (hg38: c.1424G>A, p.Arg475Gln - rs747333248, 34 total alleles in gnomAD v4.1.0, no homozygotes). Patient also homozygous for a STARD3 p.Ala247Val mutation, no disease association reported for this gene. Ambiguous genitalia highlighted as unusual presentation in FGFR1-related disease.

PMID: 25394172 Villanueva et al., 2015
7 individuals with Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), 3/7 with anosmia, and 7/7 with split hand/foot malformation. The patients harboured FGFR1 variants - 6 heterozygous and 1 homozygous.
P1: male, homozygous for c.1286T>A, p.V429E. Heterozygous sister and parents. Sister has hyposmia, otherwise no phenotype reported in heterozygous family members.
In the 6 heterozygous pedigrees, CHH was an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance.

PMID: 23812909 Simonis et al., 2013
6 patients with Hartsfield syndrome and 1 female fetus with similar symptoms. FGFR1 variants were detected in the extracellular binding domain (two patients with homozygous mutations) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain (four heterozygous de novo variants). Patients presented with holoprosencephaly 7/7 (lobar, alobar, or semilobar), corpus callosum agenesis 5/7 (full or partial), ectrodactyly 7/7 (hands and/or feet affected), growth retardation 6/6, genital anomalies 3/6 (micropenis, cryptorchidism), DD/ID 6/6 (mild to severe). P1 was homozygous for L165S, heterozygous parents unaffected. P2 was homozygous for L191S, parents not available for testing.

PMID: 23154428 Jarzabek et al., 2012
5 Kallmann syndrome (KS) patients who carry FGFR1 mutations (Gly270Asp, Gly97Ser, Met161Thr, Ser685Phe and Ala167Ser/Ala167Ser). Patients 1-4 harboured de novo heterozygous FGFR1 mutations, while P5 was homozygous for the c.499G>T, p.Ala167Ser variant - his parents are sister are heterozygous and unaffected. All 5 patients had absent puberty, as well as hyposmia or anosmia. 3/5 patients presented with skeletal abnormalities and lip/palate malformations.
P5 (previously described in PMID: 12627230) had KS, cleft palate, corpus callosum agenesis, vertebral anomalies, unilateral fusion of fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, and bilateral oligodactyly of feet (four digits).

FGFR1 is associated with multiple dominant conditions in OMIM, including AD Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 2 with or without anosmia, OMIM:147950 and AD Hartsfield syndrome, OMIM:615465 (accessed 27th Feb 2026).; to: PMID: 27055092 Mazen et al., 2016
Male patient with congenital heart disease (CHD) and ambiguous genitalia, referred at 15 months. Consanguineous parents, positive family history for CHD. Trio WES revealed a homozygous FGFR1 c.1418G>A variant (hg38: c.1424G>A, p.Arg475Gln - rs747333248, 34 total alleles in gnomAD v4.1.0, no homozygotes). Patient also homozygous for a STARD3 p.Ala247Val mutation, no disease association reported for this gene. Ambiguous genitalia highlighted as unusual presentation in FGFR1-related disease.

PMID: 25394172 Villanueva et al., 2015
7 individuals with Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH), 3/7 with anosmia, and 7/7 with split hand/foot malformation. The patients harboured FGFR1 variants - 6 heterozygous and 1 homozygous.
P1: male, homozygous for c.1286T>A, p.V429E. Heterozygous sister and parents. Sister has hyposmia, otherwise no phenotype reported in heterozygous family members.
In the 6 heterozygous pedigrees, CHH was an autosomal dominant trait with incomplete penetrance.

PMID: 23812909 Simonis et al., 2013
6 patients with Hartsfield syndrome and 1 female fetus with similar symptoms. FGFR1 variants were detected in the extracellular binding domain (two patients with homozygous mutations) or the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain (four heterozygous de novo variants). Patients presented with holoprosencephaly 7/7 (lobar, alobar, or semilobar), corpus callosum agenesis 5/7 (full or partial), ectrodactyly 7/7 (hands and/or feet affected), growth retardation 6/6, genital anomalies 3/6 (micropenis, cryptorchidism), DD/ID 6/6 (mild to severe). Fetal case (patient 7) had no FGFR1 mutation detected.


PMID: 23154428 Jarzabek et al., 2012
5 Kallmann syndrome (KS) patients who carry FGFR1 mutations (Gly270Asp, Gly97Ser, Met161Thr, Ser685Phe and Ala167Ser/Ala167Ser). Patients 1-4 harboured de novo heterozygous FGFR1 mutations, while P5 was homozygous for the c.499G>T, p.Ala167Ser variant - his parents are sister are heterozygous and unaffected. All 5 patients had absent puberty, as well as hyposmia or anosmia. 3/5 patients presented with skeletal abnormalities and lip/palate malformations.
P5 (previously described in PMID: 12627230) had KS, cleft palate, corpus callosum agenesis, vertebral anomalies, unilateral fusion of fourth and fifth metacarpal bones, and bilateral oligodactyly of feet (four digits).

FGFR1 is associated with multiple dominant conditions in OMIM, including AD Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism 2 with or without anosmia, OMIM:147950 and AD Hartsfield syndrome, OMIM:615465 (accessed 27th Feb 2026).
Fetal anomalies v6.167 SHROOM4 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: SHROOM4 were changed from Abnormal corpus callosum; congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and the anorectal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems; Stocco dos Santos X-linked mental retardation syndrome, 300434 to Abnormal corpus callosum; congenital anomalies of the urinary tract and the anorectal, cardiovascular and central nervous systems
Fetal anomalies v6.153 CLCNKB Arina Puzriakova commented on gene: CLCNKB: Digenic CLCNKA and CLCNKB variants are associated with Bartter syndrome, type 4b, digenic (OMIM:613090). The literature indicates that CLCNKB variants in patients are typically biallelic. While the Genomics England bioinformatics pipeline does not currently support the interpretation of digenic events, this panel is delivered by a specialised service with the capability to assess and report on these variants. Therefore, this gene has been included on the Fetal anomalies panel.
Fetal anomalies v6.152 CLCNKA Arina Puzriakova changed review comment from: Digenic CLCNKA and CLCNKB variants are associated with Bartter syndrome, type 4b, digenic (OMIM:613090). While the Genomics England bioinformatics pipeline does not currently support the interpretation of digenic events, this panel is delivered by a specialised service with the capability to assess and report on these variants. Therefore, this gene has been included on the Fetal anomalies panel.; to: Digenic CLCNKA and CLCNKB variants are associated with Bartter syndrome, type 4b, digenic (OMIM:613090). The literature indicates that CLCNKA variants in patients are typically biallelic. While the Genomics England bioinformatics pipeline does not currently support the interpretation of digenic events, this panel is delivered by a specialised service with the capability to assess and report on these variants. Therefore, this gene has been included on the Fetal anomalies panel.
Fetal anomalies v6.152 CLCNKA Arina Puzriakova commented on gene: CLCNKA: Digenic CLCNKA and CLCNKB variants are associated with Bartter syndrome, type 4b, digenic (OMIM:613090). While the Genomics England bioinformatics pipeline does not currently support the interpretation of digenic events, this panel is delivered by a specialised service with the capability to assess and report on these variants. Therefore, this gene has been included on the Fetal anomalies panel.
Fetal anomalies v6.152 CEP76 Arina Puzriakova Added phenotypes Joubert syndrome; Bardet-Biedl syndrome; retinitis pigmentosa; complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038 for gene: CEP76
Fetal anomalies v6.152 LRRC32 Arina Puzriakova Added phenotypes Cleft palate, proliferative retinopathy, and developmental delay, OMIM:619047 for gene: LRRC32
Fetal anomalies v6.147 LRRC32 Alice Gardham reviewed gene: LRRC32: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 30976112, 40721351, 35656379; Phenotypes: Cleft palate, proliferative retinopathy, and developmental delay, OMIM:619047; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.147 CEP76 Natalie Chandler reviewed gene: CEP76: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 41105778; Phenotypes: retinitis pigmentosa, Joubert syndrome, complex neurodevelopmental disorder MONDO:0100038, Bardet-Biedl syndrome; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.142 FSD1L Ida Ertmanska gene: FSD1L was added
gene: FSD1L was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Q1_26_promote_green tags were added to gene: FSD1L.
Mode of inheritance for gene: FSD1L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FSD1L were set to 41720098; 41720099
Phenotypes for gene: FSD1L were set to neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092
Review for gene: FSD1L was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID: 41720098 Serpieri et al., 2026
Report of eleven individuals (including five fetuses) from six unrelated families harbouring biallelic FSD1L variants. Seq method: exome sequencing. Consanguinity was confirmed in 4/6 families, and suspected in the fifth.
Phenotype spectrum: severe intellectual disability (5/5 assessed from 3 families), epilepsy (5 individuals from 3 families), severe hydrocephalus (3 families), vision deficit due to optic nerve hypoplasia/atrophy (3 families), spastic tetraparesis (2 families) corpus callosum hypoplasia/agenesis on MRI (5/5 families assessed),

Variants detected - largely nonsense type:
Family A - homozygous c.409T>G (p.Leu137Val);
Family B - 3 affected fetuses homozygous for c.1411C>T (p.Gln471Ter);
Family C - sibs compound het for c.1228T>G (p.Phe410Val) and c.1251_1252insTAA (p.Thr418Ter);
Family D - affected individuals (1 fetal case) homozygous for c.1366G>C (p.Asp456His) - shown to impact splicing (r.406_442del), resulting in predicted p.Ser136LeufsTer19 change;
Family E - affected child with homozygous c.835C>T (p.Arg279Ter) change;
Family F - fetus homozygous for c.1260G>A (p.Trp420Ter);

Functional evidence: Fsd1l depletion in mouse embryos recapitulated the ventricular dilation observed in affected fetuses.

PMID 41720099 Lin et al., 2026
Report of 6 affected individuals from 4 families with retinitis pigmentosa. One individual underwent a full neurological evaluation, including brain neuroimaging, which revealed no evidence of central nervous system involvement.
FSD1L variants detected:
Family A: 2 sibs compound het for c.1049G>A (p.Arg350Gln) and c.1428del (p.Phe476Leufs∗22)
Family B: individual comp het for c.488G>A (p.Arg163His), c.488G>A & c.745C>T (p.Arg249∗)
Family C: 2 sibs compound het for c.488G>A (p.Arg163His) & c.226_227del (p.Ser77Argfs∗4)
Family D: individual compound het for c.1037_1038delinsT (p.Pro346Leufs∗8) and c.1025+624_1025+649del
Sibs from family A had mild neurological involvement (mild ID, spastic diplegia in one sibling).
Authors note that "specific combination and functional severity of the two alleles likely determines the clinical outcome", with non-LoF variants causing a milder effect (e.g., isolated retinal phenotype).

FSD1L is not yet associated with a phenotype in OMIM or Gene2Phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v6.133 SNAPIN Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: SNAPIN was added
gene: SNAPIN was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SNAPIN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SNAPIN were set to 40930097
Phenotypes for gene: SNAPIN were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with structural brain abnormalities and craniofacial abnormalities, OMIM:621393
Review for gene: SNAPIN was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID:40930097 (2025) reported six patients from five unrelated families presenting with neuroanatomical, craniofacial, and skeletal anomalies and were identified with homozygous variants in SNAPIN gene. This included four foetuses from three unrelated families (had nonsense or splice site variants - c.91G>T/ p.Glu31Ter, c.144−1G>A & c.112C>T/ p.Gln38Ter) and two unrelated patients aged eight years old and one year old (had missense variants - c.147G>C/ p.Glu49Asp & c.163C>T/ p.Arg55Trp). One of the foetuses had intrauterine demise at 26 weeks' gestation, and the other 3 pregnancies ended in termination.

Brain abnormalities in the patients included ventriculomegaly (5/6), cerebellar hypoplasia/ atrophy (5/6) and corpus callosum agenesis (4/6). The other phenotypes included clubfeet (4/6), flexion contractures (4/6), microcephaly (3/6) and micrognathia/retrognathia (4/6).

Functional evidence is also available from zebrafish gene ablation models, which recapitulated human-relevant disease phenotypes.

This gene has been associated with relevant phenotype in OMIM (MIM #621393, last accessed on 02 January 2026), but not yet in Gene2Phenotype or ClinGen.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v6.131 WSB2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: WSB2 was added
gene: WSB2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: WSB2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: WSB2 were set to 40374945
Phenotypes for gene: WSB2 were set to neurodevelopmental disorder, MONDO:0700092
Review for gene: WSB2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID:40374945 reported five patients from four unrelated families with developmental delays, brain anomalies, and dysmorphic features with or without intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and hypotonia. They were all identified with homozygous predicted loss-of-function (pLoF) or missense variants in WSB2 gene (c.128G>A/ p.Trp43Ter, p.Gln134ArgfsTer14, c.1121G>A/ p.Arg374Gln & c.1187_1188delAA/ p.Lys396ArgfsTer19) inherited from asymptomatic consanguineous parents.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) was reported in two unrelated patients and Oligohydramnios was reported in a different unrelated patient.

There is also functional evidence available from Wsb2-mutant mice, which exhibited several neurological findings that included hyperactivity, altered exploration, and hyper alertness. They also weighed less, had a lower heart rate, and presented an abnormal retinal blood vessel morphology and vasculature pattern along with decreased total thickness of the retina.

This gene has not been associated with relevant phenotypes either in OMIM, Gene2Phenotype or ClinGen.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v6.101 PLD1 Arina Puzriakova edited their review of gene: PLD1: Added comment: Additional cases reported (not reviewed previously):

- PMID: 38171566 - based on the abstract (translated from Chinese, full-text not available) a fetus with generalized edema, complex cardiac malformation, abdominal effusion, and enhanced intestinal and renal parenchymal echoes was identified with compound heterozygous variants (c.1460G>A (p.W487*); c.2977C>T (p.R993*)) in the PLD1 gene. No functional studies mentioned.

- PMID: 39553471 - a fetus with compound heterozygous variants (c.1937G>C (p.G646A); c.1062-59A>G) was found with congenital heart disease including pulmonary atresia, regurgitation and tricuspid valve dysplasia. In silico analysis of c.1062-59A>G indicated the variant affected splicing, and subsequent RT-PCR and TA clone sequencing revealed a 76-bp intron retention and skipping of exon 11, causing a frameshift and premature stop codon in PLD1. Both variants were classified as VUS according to ACMG guidelines.

- PMID: 39681445 - title 'A case of cardiac valvular dysplasia combined with dilated cardiomyopathy caused by a homozygous nonsense variant in PLD1' indicates there is another case of cardiomyopathy linked to this gene. However, the article and abstract are in Chinese and therefore cannot be curated further.; Changed publications to: 27799408, 33142350, 33645542, 35380090, 36923242, 37770978, 38171566, 39553471, 39681445; Changed phenotypes to: Cardiac valvular dysplasia 1, OMIM:212093; Changed mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.97 LINC01082 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common.

Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele. According to PMID:36157490 Szafranski et al., 2022, 50 reported de novo CNV deletions arose on the maternal chromosome 16 and only 3 de novo CNV deletions arose on the paternal chromosome 16.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

Genomic positions reference (GRh37/hg19):
FOXF1 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).; to: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype.

There are at least 3 reported unrelated individuals with Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, where LINC01081 (either part or whole gene) has been deleted (PMID: 27071622, 23034409) - with LINC01082 and FOXF1 being intact. At least 10 other patients harboured a deletion that affected the wider FOXF1 upstream enhancer region, but not FOXF1 itself (PMIDs: 19500772; 23034409; 24842713; 27071622).
Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele. According to PMID:36157490 Szafranski et al., 2022, 50 reported de novo CNV deletions arose on the maternal chromosome 16 and only 3 de novo CNV deletions arose on the paternal chromosome 16.

PMID: 40869921 Fumini et al., 2025
Review of nine prenatal cases with a 16q24.1 deletion, all involving the FOXF1 gene or its enhancer region. The main ultrasound findings included increased nuchal translucency and cystic hygroma during the first trimester, and cardiac, renal, and intestinal malformations from 20 weeks of gestation onward.

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.97 LINC01081 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).; to: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. There are at least 3 reported unrelated individuals with Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, where LINC01081 (either part or whole gene) has been deleted (PMID: 27071622, 23034409). At least 10 other patients harboured a deletion that affected the FOXF1 upstream enhancer region, but not FOXF1 itself (PMIDs: 19500772; 23034409; 24842713; 27071622). Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 40869921 Fumini et al., 2025
Review of nine prenatal cases with a 16q24.1 deletion, all involving the FOXF1 gene or its enhancer region. The main ultrasound findings included increased nuchal translucency and cystic hygroma during the first trimester, and cardiac, renal, and intestinal malformations from 20 weeks of gestation onward.

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.97 LINC01081 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).; to: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.97 LINC01081 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV). Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).; to: As reviewed by Hannah Robinson, LINC01081 and LINC01082 are long non-coding RNA genes within a known upstream enhancer region of FOXF1. Like FOXF1, genes in the enhancer region have been implicated in Alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins (ACDMPV) - which may present with a severe neonatal phenotype. Aside from ACDMPV, cardiac, gastrointestinal and genitourinary phenotypes are also common. Most CNVs are de novo, arising on the maternal allele - suspected imprinting of paternal allele.

PMID: 27071622 Szafranski et al., 2016
22 new unrelated families (20 postnatal and two prenatal) with clinically diagnosed ACDMPV. In seven cases (patients 117.3, 119.3, 122.3, 126.3, 127.3, 136.3, and 139.3) the deletion CNVs affected only the upstream enhancer, leaving FOXF1 intact.

FOXF1 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000262426.6_4) - chr16:86,544,133-86,549,028.
LINC01081 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806422.1_2) - chr16:86,255,967-86,338,313
LINC01082 GRh37/hg19 (ENST00000806580.1_1) - chr16:86,184,957-86,192,637

Enhancer only deletions, from supplementary information:
P122.3: 4.1 kb deletion (86,216,561-86,220,676), mapping ~ 9.1 kb upstream to LINC01082 (intergenic) - paternal origin
P117.3: 233kb deletion (86,055,159/200-86,288,226/267) - both genes affected
P119.3: 153kb deletion (86,148,250- 86,301,591) + Insertion at the break point: GCACGCA - both genes affected
p126.3: 1511kb deletion (84,875,483/490-86,386,861/868) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted; additional phenotypes: balanced AVSD, Intestinal malrotation, Uterus didelphys, Mildly dilated right ureter
P127.3: 92kb deletion (86,209,157/194-86,301,558/595) - LINC01081 only; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus and patent foramen ovale
P136.3: 1250kb deletion (~85,146,556-86,393,283) - both genes affected, multiple other genes deleted
P139.3: 405KB deletion (~85,877,026-86,282,104)- both genes affected, IRF8 also deleted.

PMID: 19500772 Stankiewicz et al. (2009)
P28.7 (D10): 145kb deletion ~86,140,499-86,285,499 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: Patent ductus arteriosus
P47.4 (D9): 524kb deletion 85,867,768-86,392,161 - both genes deleted, as well as IRF8; additional phenotypes: Suspected intestinal malrotation, imperforate anus; Bicornuate uterus with cervical duplication; Multiple butterfly vertebrae.

PMID: 23034409 Szafranski et al. (2013a)
Further 7 cases with enhancer deletions (5 where both genes are affected, 2 cases with only LINC01081 deleted).
P77.3: deletion of chr16:86,212,041/067-86,448,132/158 - only LINC01081 deleted
P81.3: deletion of chr16:86,194,972/195,808 - 86,354,712/355,161 - only LINC01081 deleted

PMID: 24842713 Szafranski et al. (2014)
P99.3: deletion of chr16:84,764,628/647 - 86,238,601/620 - only LINC01082 affected (and additional genes deleted upstream)
P111.3: deletion of chr16:86,077,955/958 - 86,271,915/918 - both genes affected; additional cardiac phenotype: PDA, dilated right ventricle with depressed function

This gene is not yet linked to any disease in OMIM (accessed 15th Oct 2025).
Fetal anomalies v6.74 SLC35A3 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: SLC35A3 were changed from Arthrogryposis, mental retardation, and seizures, OMIM:615553 to Arthrogryposis, impaired intellectual development, and seizures, OMIM:615553
Fetal anomalies v6.34 ARL2BP Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: ARL2BP were changed from Situs Inversus to Retinitis pigmentosa 82 with or without situs inversus, OMIM:615434; Situs Inversus
Fetal anomalies v6.24 SLC35A3 Sunayna Best reviewed gene: SLC35A3: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 28777481, 24031089, 28328131, 33416188; Phenotypes: Arthrogryposis, mental retardation, and seizures, OMIM:615553; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.24 KDM1A Esther Kinning reviewed gene: KDM1A: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 26656649, 24838796, 27094131; Phenotypes: Cleft palate, psychomotor retardation, and distinctive facial features; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v6.24 ACO2 Natalie Chandler reviewed gene: ACO2: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 39891418; Phenotypes: Infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v6.21 SLC35A3 Arina Puzriakova gene: SLC35A3 was added
gene: SLC35A3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC35A3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SLC35A3 were set to 28328131; 28777481; 24031089; 33416188
Phenotypes for gene: SLC35A3 were set to Arthrogryposis, mental retardation, and seizures, OMIM:615553
Fetal anomalies v6.21 KDM1A Arina Puzriakova Added phenotypes Cleft palate, psychomotor retardation, and distinctive facial features for gene: KDM1A
Publications for gene: KDM1A were updated from 27094131; 24838796; 26656649 to 27094131; 24838796; 26656649
Fetal anomalies v6.21 ACO2 Arina Puzriakova Added phenotypes Infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration for gene: ACO2
Publications for gene: ACO2 were updated from 34056600 to 34056600; 39891418
Fetal anomalies v6.16 ACO2 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: ACO2 were changed from INFANTILE CEREBELLAR-RETINAL DEGENERATION to Infantile cerebellar-retinal degeneration, OMIM:614559
Fetal anomalies v6.14 PDE12 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram changed review comment from: PMID:39567835 (2025) reported five cases (three live-borns and two foetuses) from three unrelated families presenting with severe early-onset mitochondrial disease. They showed wide-ranging clinical presentations in utero and within the neonatal period, with muscle and brain involvement leading to marked cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency in muscle and severe lactic acidosis.

In family 1, one of the two patients died at 3 months of age, while patient from family 2 died at day 2. Increased nuchal translucency, severe intra-uterine growth retardation, hydrops and cystic hygroma was noted in one of the two foetuses by prenatal ultrasound and the pregnancy ended spontaneously at 22 gestational weeks. Nuchal translucency and absence of foetal movements were observed in the other foetus, which was terminated at 19 weeks.

All three families harboured a different homozygous variant in PDE12 gene (p.Tyr155Cys, p.Gly372Glu & p.Arg41Pro) as identified by whole-exome sequencing. Based on the gnomAD database, all three missense variants were reported to be rare in general population.

Functional evidence from patient fibroblast studies showed reduced PDE12 protein and accumulation of abnormally polyadenylated mitochondrial tRNAs/rRNAs, causing disrupted mitochondrial RNA processing. In addition, in silico modeling of the variants also suggested loss of function.

This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes either in OMIM or in Gene2Phenotype.
Sources: Literature; to: PMID:39567835 (2025) reported five cases (three live-borns and two foetuses) from three unrelated families presenting with severe early-onset mitochondrial disease. They showed wide-ranging clinical presentations in utero and within the neonatal period, with muscle and brain involvement leading to marked cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency in muscle and severe lactic acidosis.

Of these, the patient from family 2 (died on day 2 after birth), and the two foetuses from family 3 had foetal anomalies detected via prenatal ultrasound. The patient from family 2 had brain anomalies. Increased nuchal translucency, severe intra-uterine growth retardation, hydrops and cystic hygroma was noted in one of the two foetuses from family 3 and the pregnancy ended spontaneously at 22 gestational weeks. Nuchal translucency and absence of foetal movements were observed in the other foetus, which was terminated at 19 weeks.

All three families harboured a different homozygous variant in PDE12 gene (p.Tyr155Cys, p.Gly372Glu & p.Arg41Pro) as identified by whole-exome sequencing. Based on the gnomAD database, all three missense variants were reported to be rare in general population.

Functional evidence from patient fibroblast studies showed reduced PDE12 protein and accumulation of abnormally polyadenylated mitochondrial tRNAs/rRNAs, causing disrupted mitochondrial RNA processing. In addition, in silico modeling of the variants also suggested loss of function.

This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes either in OMIM or in Gene2Phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v6.14 PDE12 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: PDE12 was added
gene: PDE12 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Q3_25_promote_green tags were added to gene: PDE12.
Mode of inheritance for gene: PDE12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PDE12 were set to 39567835
Phenotypes for gene: PDE12 were set to mitochondrial disease, MONDO:0044970
Review for gene: PDE12 was set to GREEN
Added comment: PMID:39567835 (2025) reported five cases (three live-borns and two foetuses) from three unrelated families presenting with severe early-onset mitochondrial disease. They showed wide-ranging clinical presentations in utero and within the neonatal period, with muscle and brain involvement leading to marked cytochrome c oxidase (COX) deficiency in muscle and severe lactic acidosis.

In family 1, one of the two patients died at 3 months of age, while patient from family 2 died at day 2. Increased nuchal translucency, severe intra-uterine growth retardation, hydrops and cystic hygroma was noted in one of the two foetuses by prenatal ultrasound and the pregnancy ended spontaneously at 22 gestational weeks. Nuchal translucency and absence of foetal movements were observed in the other foetus, which was terminated at 19 weeks.

All three families harboured a different homozygous variant in PDE12 gene (p.Tyr155Cys, p.Gly372Glu & p.Arg41Pro) as identified by whole-exome sequencing. Based on the gnomAD database, all three missense variants were reported to be rare in general population.

Functional evidence from patient fibroblast studies showed reduced PDE12 protein and accumulation of abnormally polyadenylated mitochondrial tRNAs/rRNAs, causing disrupted mitochondrial RNA processing. In addition, in silico modeling of the variants also suggested loss of function.

This gene has not yet been associated with relevant phenotypes either in OMIM or in Gene2Phenotype.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v6.9 FLVCR1 Eleanor Williams Phenotypes for gene: FLVCR1 were changed from ATAXIA, POSTERIOR COLUMN, WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, absent speech, and hypotonia, OMIM:621060; neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, absent speech, and hypotonia, MONDO:0976126
Fetal anomalies v6.5 SYNGAP1 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: SYNGAP1 were changed from EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TYPE 5 to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 5, OMIM:612621
Fetal anomalies v5.34 FTO Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: FTO were changed from Growth retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism; Growth retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, OMIM: 612938 to Growth retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, OMIM: 612938
Fetal anomalies v5.23 CD151 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: CD151 were changed from Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 7, with nephropathy and deafness, OMIM:609057; NEPHROPATHY WITH PRETIBIAL EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA AND DEAFNESS to Epidermolysis bullosa simplex 7, with nephropathy and deafness, OMIM:609057
Fetal anomalies v5.22 CAMTA1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: CAMTA1 were changed from Cerebellar dysfunction with variable cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, OMIM:614756; CEREBELLAR ATAXIA, NONPROGRESSIVE, WITH MENTAL RETARDATION to Cerebellar dysfunction with variable cognitive and behavioral abnormalities, OMIM:614756
Fetal anomalies v5.15 ROBO2 Soo-Mi Park reviewed gene: ROBO2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 34059960, 24429398, 17357069, 26026792, 19350278, 18235093, 29194579; Phenotypes: Vesicoureteral reflux 2, MIM#610878; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v5.15 FTO Natalie Bibb reviewed gene: FTO: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 19559399, 19234441, 26697951, 26378117, 26740239; Phenotypes: Growth retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, MIM#612938; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v5.13 ROBO2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: ROBO2 was added
gene: ROBO2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: NHS GMS,Expert Review Red
Mode of inheritance for gene: ROBO2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Publications for gene: ROBO2 were set to 19350278; 17357069; 26026792; 29194579; 34059960; 18235093; 24429398
Phenotypes for gene: ROBO2 were set to Vesicoureteral reflux 2, OMIM:610878
Fetal anomalies v5.13 FTO Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source NHS GMS was added to FTO.
Added phenotypes Growth retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism, OMIM: 612938 for gene: FTO
Publications for gene: FTO were updated from 19559399; 26378117; 31130284 to 19234441; 26697951; 26378117; 19559399; 26740239; 31130284
Fetal anomalies v4.187 TTI2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: TTI2 were changed from Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 39, OMIM:615541; Microcephaly; AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 39, OMIM:615541; Microcephaly
Fetal anomalies v4.180 DEAF1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: DEAF1 were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 24; Vulto-van Silfout-de Vries syndrome, OMIM:615828; Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, impaired expressive language, and with or without seizures, OMIM:617171; Autism, intellectual disability, basal ganglia dysfunction and epilepsy to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hypotonia, impaired expressive language, and with or without seizures, OMIM:617171; Vulto-van Silfout-de Vries syndrome, OMIM:615828
Fetal anomalies v4.173 ACSL4 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: ACSL4 were changed from Mental retardation, X-linked 63 , OMIM:300387; ALPORT SYNDROME WITH MENTAL RETARDATION MIDFACE HYPOPLASIA AND ELLIPTOCYTOSIS; MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 63 to Mental retardation, X-linked 63 , OMIM:300387
Fetal anomalies v4.170 YAP1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: YAP1 were changed from Coloboma, ocular, with or without hearing impairment, cleft lip/palate, and/or mental retardation, OMIM:120433; COLOBOMA, OCULAR, WITH OR WITHOUT HEARING IMPAIRMENT, CLEFT LIP/PALATE, AND/OR MENTAL RETARDATION to Coloboma, ocular, with or without hearing impairment, cleft lip/palate, and/or mental retardation, OMIM:120433
Fetal anomalies v4.136 KDM1A Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: KDM1A were changed from Cleft palate, psychomotor retardation, and distinctive facial features, OMIM:616728; Developmental delay and distinctive facial features to Cleft palate, psychomotor retardation, and distinctive facial features, OMIM:616728
Fetal anomalies v4.130 EMC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: EMC1 were changed from Global Developmental Delay, Hypotonia, Scoliosis, and Cerebellar Atrophy.; Cerebellar atrophy, visual impairment, and psychomotor retardation, OMIM:616875 to Cerebellar atrophy, visual impairment, and psychomotor retardation, OMIM:616875
Fetal anomalies v4.100 THOC2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram edited their review of gene: THOC2: Changed phenotypes to: Mental retardation, X-linked 12/35, MIM #300957
Fetal anomalies v4.100 THOC2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: THOC2 were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 12 to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 12, OMIM:300957
Fetal anomalies v4.98 SPINT2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: SPINT2 were changed from congenital secretory sodium diarrhea 3, MONDO:0010036; Diarrhea 3, secretory sodium, congenital, syndromic, OMIM:270420 to Diarrhea 3, secretory sodium, congenital, syndromic, OMIM:270420; congenital secretory sodium diarrhea 3, MONDO:0010036
Fetal anomalies v4.97 SOX11 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: SOX11 were changed from Intellectual developmental disorder with microcephaly and with or without ocular malformations or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, OMIM:615866; MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, 27 to Intellectual developmental disorder with microcephaly and with or without ocular malformations or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, OMIM:615866
Fetal anomalies v4.67 IRX5 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: IRX5 were changed from HYPERTELORISM, SEVERE, WITH MIDFACE PROMINENCE, MYOPIA, MENTAL RETARDATION, AND BONE FRAGILITY to Hamamy syndrome, OMIM:611174
Fetal anomalies v4.35 YAP1 Natalie Canham reviewed gene: YAP1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 24462371, 28801591, 27267789; Phenotypes: Coloboma, ocular, with or without hearing impairment, cleft lip/palate, and/or mental retardation, OMIM:120433; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v4.35 TTI2 Samantha Doyle reviewed gene: TTI2: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 32061250, 31737043, 23956177; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 39, OMIM:615541, Microcephaly; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.35 TRIO Esther Kinning reviewed gene: TRIO: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 32109419, 26721934; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 44, OMIM:617061; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v4.35 THOC2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram reviewed gene: THOC2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 32116545, 26166480, 32960281, 29851191; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked 12/35 MIM#300957; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Fetal anomalies v4.35 SPINT2 Lyn Chitty reviewed gene: SPINT2: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 19185281, 24142340, 30445423, 20009592, 33374714, 33029133, 33547739; Phenotypes: congenital secretory sodium diarrhea 3, MONDO:0010036, Diarrhea 3, secretory sodium, congenital, syndromic, OMIM:270420; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.35 PPP2R3C Lyn Chitty reviewed gene: PPP2R3C: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 30893644, 34714774, 34750818; Phenotypes: Gonadal dysgenesis, dysmorphic facies, retinal dystrophy, and myopathy, OMIM:618419; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.35 NONO Anna de Burca reviewed gene: NONO: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 27550220, 27329731, 32397791, 26571461; Phenotypes: Ebstein s anomaly, Pulmonary stenosis, Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC), Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic 34, MIM# 300967, Ventricular septal defect (VSD); Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Fetal anomalies v4.35 KDM1A Natalie Bibb reviewed gene: KDM1A: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 27094131, 24838796, 26656649; Phenotypes: Cleft palate, psychomotor retardation, and distinctive facial features, OMIM:616728; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v4.35 HERC1 Natalie Bibb reviewed gene: HERC1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 28323226, 26138117, 27108999, 26153217; Phenotypes: Macrocephaly, dysmorphic facies, and psychomotor retardation, OMIM:617011; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.35 EMC1 Stephanie Allen reviewed gene: EMC1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 29271071, 26942288; Phenotypes: Cerebellar atrophy, visual impairment, and psychomotor retardation, OMIM:616875; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v4.35 CLTC Anna de Burca reviewed gene: CLTC: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 33743358, 26822784, 31776469, 34230591, 29100083; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 56, MIM# 617854; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Fetal anomalies v4.35 ACSL4 Lyn Chitty reviewed gene: ACSL4: Rating: RED; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 12525535; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, X-linked 63 , OMIM:300387; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Fetal anomalies v4.34 YAP1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source NHS GMS was added to YAP1.
Mode of inheritance for gene YAP1 was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Added phenotypes Coloboma, ocular, with or without hearing impairment, cleft lip/palate, and/or mental retardation, OMIM:120433 for gene: YAP1
Publications for gene: YAP1 were updated from to 24462371; 28801591; 27267789
Fetal anomalies v4.34 TTI2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source NHS GMS was added to TTI2.
Source Expert Review Red was added to TTI2.
Added phenotypes Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 39, OMIM:615541; Microcephaly for gene: TTI2
Publications for gene: TTI2 were updated from to 32061250; 31737043; 23956177
Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Red List (low evidence)
Fetal anomalies v4.34 SPINT2 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: SPINT2 was added
gene: SPINT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPINT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: SPINT2 were set to 19185281; 24142340; 30445423; 20009592; 33374714; 33029133; 33547739
Phenotypes for gene: SPINT2 were set to congenital secretory sodium diarrhea 3, MONDO:0010036; Diarrhea 3, secretory sodium, congenital, syndromic, OMIM:270420
Fetal anomalies v4.34 PPP2R3C Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: PPP2R3C was added
gene: PPP2R3C was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP2R3C was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: PPP2R3C were set to 30893644; 34714774; 34750818
Phenotypes for gene: PPP2R3C were set to Gonadal dysgenesis, dysmorphic facies, retinal dystrophy, and myopathy, OMIM:618419
Fetal anomalies v4.34 KDM1A Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source NHS GMS was added to KDM1A.
Mode of inheritance for gene KDM1A was changed from MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Added phenotypes Cleft palate, psychomotor retardation, and distinctive facial features, OMIM:616728 for gene: KDM1A
Publications for gene: KDM1A were updated from to 27094131; 24838796; 26656649
Fetal anomalies v4.34 HERC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: HERC1 was added
gene: HERC1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: HERC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: HERC1 were set to 28323226; 26138117; 27108999; 26153217
Phenotypes for gene: HERC1 were set to Macrocephaly, dysmorphic facies, and psychomotor retardation, OMIM:617011
Fetal anomalies v4.34 FRA10AC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: FRA10AC1 was added
gene: FRA10AC1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Amber,NHS GMS
Mode of inheritance for gene: FRA10AC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FRA10AC1 were set to 34694367
Phenotypes for gene: FRA10AC1 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with growth retardation, dysmorphic facies, and corpus callosum abnormalities, OMIM:620113
Fetal anomalies v4.34 EMC1 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source NHS GMS was added to EMC1.
Mode of inheritance for gene EMC1 was changed from BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Added phenotypes Cerebellar atrophy, visual impairment, and psychomotor retardation, OMIM:616875 for gene: EMC1
Publications for gene: EMC1 were updated from to 29271071; 26942288
Fetal anomalies v4.34 ACSL4 Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Source NHS GMS was added to ACSL4.
Source Expert Review Red was added to ACSL4.
Added phenotypes Mental retardation, X-linked 63 , OMIM:300387 for gene: ACSL4
Publications for gene: ACSL4 were updated from to 12525535
Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Red List (low evidence)
Fetal anomalies v4.3 ARV1 Sarah Graham gene: ARV1 was added
gene: ARV1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARV1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ARV1 were set to PMID: 36307859; 34296759
Review for gene: ARV1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Biallelic loss-of-function variants associated with autosomal recessive developmental and epileptic encephalopathy-38 (DEE38). Biallelic variants reported prenatally in 3 families (4 fetuses) in association with abnormal scan findings, particularly renal abnormalities. Renal abnormalities are not a common postnatal finding in this disorder, so causal relationship to scan findings is unclear.

Salian 2021 PMID: 34296759, patient 3 - compound heterozygous frameshift and missense variants, p.(Pro174Alafs*14) and p.(Cys34Tyr), with prenatal hydronephrosis, postnatally profound ID, seizures, genitourinary abnormalities. Salian 2021 PMID: 34296759, Patients 5/6 (successive pregnancies of consanguineous parents) - homozygous c.674-1G>A; patient 5 termination at week 22 due to megaureter, small femora and humeri and narrow thorax; patient 6 NT 6.3 mm at week 14, bilaterally dilated renal pelvis at week 16+1. Fu 2022 PMID: 36307859 - compound het frameshift variants, p.(Glu137Asnfs*13) and p.(Pro174Alafs*14), reported in a fetus with dilation of lateral ventricles and polyhydramnios.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v3.140 SPATA5 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: SPATA5 were changed from EPILEPSY, HEARING LOSS, AND MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME to Neurodevelopmental disorder with hearing loss, seizures, and brain abnormalities, OMIM:616577
Fetal anomalies v3.137 NHEJ1 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: NHEJ1 were changed from Severe combined immunodeficiency with microcephaly, growth retardation, and sensitivity to ionizing radiation 611291 to Severe combined immunodeficiency with microcephaly, growth retardation, and sensitivity to ionizing radiation, OMIM:611291
Fetal anomalies v3.133 TUSC3 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: TUSC3 were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TYPE 7 to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 7, OMIM:611093
Fetal anomalies v3.132 CC2D1A Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: CC2D1A were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TYPE 3 to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 3, OMIM:608443
Fetal anomalies v3.109 ESAM Julia Baptista gene: ESAM was added
gene: ESAM was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: ESAM was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: ESAM were set to PMID: 36996813
Phenotypes for gene: ESAM were set to intracranial hemorrhage; cerebral anomalies
Review for gene: ESAM was set to GREEN
Added comment: Four fetuses from three unrelated families (different LOF biallelic variants) with fetal intracranial hemorrhage. Fetal brain tissue from one of the affected individuals at 31 weeks' gestational age showed lack of ESAM staining in the capillary endothelial cells, thus confirming loss of ESAM. Another individual had an abnormal prenatal ultrasound and the pregnancy was terminated at 32 weeks' gestation, but no DNA was available to test for the familial variant.
Neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebral calcifications, hydrocephalus, focal white matter lesions, retina anomalies and dysmorphic features.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v3.103 CLCNKB Sarah Leigh Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: The mode of inheritance for CLCNKB should be BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal. Although digenic CLCNKB & CLCNKA variants are associated with Bartter syndrome, type 4b, digenic (OMIM:613090), the current GMS rare disease bioinformatic pipeline does not allow for interpretation of digenic events.
Fetal anomalies v3.81 GRIN2B Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: GRIN2B were changed from AUTISM; EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY; MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 6 to Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal dominant 6, with or without seizures, OMIM:613970; Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 27, OMIM:616139
Fetal anomalies v2.11 RAB39B Achchuthan Shanmugasundram Phenotypes for gene: RAB39B were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 72 (MRX72) +/- PARKINSONS to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked 72, OMIM:300271; Waisman syndrome, OMIM:311510
Fetal anomalies v2.5 DDX3X Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: DDX3X were changed from INTELLECTUAL DIABILITY; Intellectual disability; Mental retardation, X-linked 102, 300958 to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic, Snijders Blok type, OMIM:300958
Fetal anomalies v1.990 KDM5C Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: KDM5C were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED JARID1C-RELATED to Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, Claes-Jensen type, OMIM:300534
Fetal anomalies v1.969 ST3GAL3 Sarah Leigh Phenotypes for gene: ST3GAL3 were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 12 to Developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 15, OMIM:615006; developmental and epileptic encephalopathy, 15, MONDO:0014003; Intellectual developmental disorder, autosomal recessive 12, OMIM:611090; intellectual disability, autosomal recessive 12, MONDO:0012612
Fetal anomalies v1.900 CACNA1S Rhiannon Mellis gene: CACNA1S was added
gene: CACNA1S was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review,Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: CACNA1S was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: CACNA1S were set to PMID: 33060286; 28012042
Phenotypes for gene: CACNA1S were set to Congenital myopathy; arthrogryposis
Review for gene: CACNA1S was set to AMBER
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during a meeting on 21st October 2021 between representatives of the North Thames and Central & South R21 testing GLHs.

Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Alison Male, Rowenna Roberts, Rhiannon Mellis (North Thames GLH) and Stephanie Allen, Denise Williams and Esther Kinning (Central & South GLH).

Outcome of review: May be fetally relevant but currently limited evidence, support adding to the Fetal anomalies panel as Amber gene.

Details of review:
Previously only monoallelic variants reported associated with malignant hyperthermia and periodic paralysis but more recently biallelic variants have been associated with congenital myopathy. In Ravenscroft et al 2020 (PMID: 33060286) the reported biallelic variants were VUS but strong suspicion of causality: the proband had polyhydramnios, scalp oedema, bilateral wrist contractures, bilateral talipes and reduced fetal movements, ToP at 26/40. Mild facial dysmorphic features were noted on autopsy, including low anterior hairline, mild hypertelorism and moderate retrognathia. A previous pregnancy was affected with polyhydramnios and reduced fetal movements, delivered at 32/40 due to placental abruption and died at 10 days. On photos the baby had ptosis and broad nasal tip. The biallelic variants segregated within the family (parents and the 2 unaffected sibs all het). No cell lines available for functional studies.
Another study (PMID: 28012042) reports 7 families with congenital myopathy and CACNA1S mutations (both recessive and dominant), of whom 3 had cases with antenatal onset (reduced fetal movements).
Sources: Expert Review, Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.900 FTO Rhiannon Mellis gene: FTO was added
gene: FTO was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review,Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: FTO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: FTO were set to PMID: 31130284; 19559399; 26378117
Phenotypes for gene: FTO were set to Growth retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism
Review for gene: FTO was set to AMBER
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during a meeting on 21st October 2021 between representatives of the North Thames and Central & South R21 testing GLHs.

Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Alison Male, Rowenna Roberts, Rhiannon Mellis (North Thames GLH) and Stephanie Allen, Denise Williams and Esther Kinning (Central & South GLH).

Outcome of review: May be fetally relevant but currently limited evidence, support adding to the Fetal anomalies panel as Amber gene.

Details of review:
Not Green on any panels (only 2 families reported to date). On OMIM: Growth retardation, developmental delay, facial dysmorphism. One fetal case reported by Monies et al 2019 (PMID: 31130284) with Dandy-Walker malformation, IUGR, and polyhydramnios. This fits with the phenotype reported in one consanguineous family with 9 affected individuals reported by Boissel 2009 PMID: 19559399. The other reported case is PMID: 26378117 - a homozygous missense variant in FTO was identified in a 21-month old girl who presented with growth retardation, failure to thrive, severely delayed development, Dysmorphic facial features, decreased brain parenchyma, delayed myelination, and a thin corpus callosum.
Sources: Expert Review, Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.754 CRADD Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: CRADD were changed from Megalencephaly with Variant Lissencephaly to Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 34, with variant lissencephaly, OMIM:614499
Fetal anomalies v1.749 CRADD Rhiannon Mellis reviewed gene: CRADD: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: PMID: 29947050, 27773430; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal recessive 34, with variant lissencephaly; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v1.730 AP1S2 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: AP1S2 were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 59 to Pettigrew syndrome, OMIM:304340
Fetal anomalies v1.727 SCUBE3 Sarah Leigh changed review comment from: Associated with relevant phenotype in OMIM and as probable Gen2Phen gene. At least 5 variants reported in 5 unrelated cases, together with supportive functional and mouse model studies (PMID 33308444).; to: Associated with relevant phenotype in OMIM and as probable Gen2Phen gene. PMID 33308444 reports eight SCUBE variants in nine unrelated families, including eighteen affected members. In vtro studies demonstrated a variable impact of disease-causing variants on transcript processing, protein secretion and function, resulting in dysregulation on bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and a Scube3−/− mouse showed shared phenotypic features with OMIM:619184. Prenatal growth retardation was evident in 8/11 relevant cases.
Fetal anomalies v1.720 MED12 Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Comment on mode of inheritance: Variants in this gene have also been reported in females with Hardikar syndrome (Li et al 2021, PMID: 33244166). The phenotype includes facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, hydronephrosis, and intestinal malrotation.

In addition Polla et al 2021 (PMID: 33244165) and Riccardi et al 2021 (PMID: 34079076) report 22 females in total with de novo variants in MED12. Some physical features such as syndactyly (10/22) and anteriorly placed anus (4/22) are noted. 12/22 have severe intellectual disability.

X-linked hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females is the appropriate mode of inheritance for Hardikar syndrome but there are carrier implications for the predominantly male-only phenotypes associated with this gene (e.g. Lujan-Fryns syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, X-linked and Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome) in female cases. ; to: Comment on mode of inheritance: Variants in this gene have also been reported in females with Hardikar syndrome (Li et al 2021, PMID: 33244166). The phenotype includes facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, hydronephrosis, and intestinal malrotation.

In addition Polla et al 2021 (PMID: 33244165) and Riccardi et al 2021 (PMID: 34079076) report 22 females in total with de novo variants in MED12. Some physical features such as syndactyly (10/22) and anteriorly placed anus (4/22) are noted. 12/22 have severe intellectual disability.

X-linked hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females is the appropriate mode of inheritance for Hardikar syndrome but there are carrier implications for the predominantly male-only phenotypes associated with this gene (e.g. Lujan-Fryns syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, X-linked and Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome) in female cases, therefore waiting for GMS review before considering changing the mode of inheritance.
Fetal anomalies v1.720 MED12 Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Comment on mode of inheritance: Variants in this gene have also been reported in females with Hardikar syndrome (the phenotype that includes facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, hydronephrosis, and intestinal malrotation).

In addition Polla et al 2021 (PMID: 33244165) and Riccardi et al 2021 (PMID: 34079076) report 22 females in total with de novo variants in MED12. Some physical features such as syndactyly (10/22) and anteriorly placed anus (4/22) also noted. 12/22 have severe intellectual disability.

X-linked hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females is the appropriate mode of inheritance for Hardikar syndrome but there are carrier implications for the predominantly male-only phenotypes associated with this gene (e.g. Lujan-Fryns syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, X-linked and Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome) in female cases. ; to: Comment on mode of inheritance: Variants in this gene have also been reported in females with Hardikar syndrome (Li et al 2021, PMID: 33244166). The phenotype includes facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, hydronephrosis, and intestinal malrotation.

In addition Polla et al 2021 (PMID: 33244165) and Riccardi et al 2021 (PMID: 34079076) report 22 females in total with de novo variants in MED12. Some physical features such as syndactyly (10/22) and anteriorly placed anus (4/22) are noted. 12/22 have severe intellectual disability.

X-linked hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females is the appropriate mode of inheritance for Hardikar syndrome but there are carrier implications for the predominantly male-only phenotypes associated with this gene (e.g. Lujan-Fryns syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, X-linked and Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome) in female cases.
Fetal anomalies v1.720 MED12 Eleanor Williams changed review comment from: Comment on mode of inheritance: Variants in this gene have also been reported in females with Hardikar syndrome and phenotype that includes facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, hydronephrosis, and intestinal malrotation.

X-linked hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females is the appropriate mode of inheritance for Hardikar syndrome but there are carrier implications for the male-only phenotypes associated with this gene (e.g. Lujan-Fryns syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, X-linked and Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome) in female cases; to: Comment on mode of inheritance: Variants in this gene have also been reported in females with Hardikar syndrome (the phenotype that includes facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, hydronephrosis, and intestinal malrotation).

In addition Polla et al 2021 (PMID: 33244165) and Riccardi et al 2021 (PMID: 34079076) report 22 females in total with de novo variants in MED12. Some physical features such as syndactyly (10/22) and anteriorly placed anus (4/22) also noted. 12/22 have severe intellectual disability.

X-linked hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females is the appropriate mode of inheritance for Hardikar syndrome but there are carrier implications for the predominantly male-only phenotypes associated with this gene (e.g. Lujan-Fryns syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, X-linked and Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome) in female cases.
Fetal anomalies v1.718 MED12 Eleanor Williams Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: Variants in this gene have also been reported in females with Hardikar syndrome and phenotype that includes facial clefting, pigmentary retinopathy, biliary anomalies, hydronephrosis, and intestinal malrotation.

X-linked hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females is the appropriate mode of inheritance for Hardikar syndrome but there are carrier implications for the male-only phenotypes associated with this gene (e.g. Lujan-Fryns syndrome, Ohdo syndrome, X-linked and Opitz-Kaveggia syndrome) in female cases
Fetal anomalies v1.714 GNB1 Sarah Leigh Phenotypes for gene: GNB1 were changed from Severe Neurodevelopmental Disability, Hypotonia, and Seizures to Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 42 OMIM:616973; intellectual disability, autosomal dominant 42 MONDO:0014855
Fetal anomalies v1.701 KIF1A Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: KIF1A were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 9; NEUROPATHY, HEREDITARY SENSORY, TYPE IIC to NEUROPATHY, HEREDITARY SENSORY, TYPE IIC, 614213; NESCAV SYNDROME, 614255
Fetal anomalies v1.678 POLR3B Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: POLR3B were changed from AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION; LEUKODYSTROPHY, HYPOMYELINATING, 8, WITH OR WITHOUT OLIGODONTIA AND/OR HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM to Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 8, with or without oligodontia and/or hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, OMIM:614381
Fetal anomalies v1.673 FOXG1 Sarah Leigh Phenotypes for gene: FOXG1 were changed from CONGENITAL VARIANT OF RETT SYNDROME to Rett Syndrome, congenital variant OMIM:613454; Rett syndrome, congenital variant MONDO:0013270
Fetal anomalies v1.652 CLTC Arina Puzriakova reviewed gene: CLTC: Rating: ; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 33743358; Phenotypes: Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 56, OMIM:617854; Mode of inheritance: None
Fetal anomalies v1.652 CLTC Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: CLTC were changed from Epilepsy and intellectual disability to Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 56, OMIM:617854; Fetal akinesia; Fetal growth restriction
Fetal anomalies v1.648 RFWD3 Rhiannon Mellis gene: RFWD3 was added
gene: RFWD3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: RFWD3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: RFWD3 were set to PMID: 2869192
Phenotypes for gene: RFWD3 were set to Fanconi anaemia
Review for gene: RFWD3 was set to RED
Added comment: Fetally relevant phenotype but only one case reported in literature so far so await further cases.

(In the single reported case, the child had: intrauterine growth retardation, duodenal atresia, radial ray malformations, bilateral absent thumbs, small midface, ventriculomegaly, hypoplastic left kidney, and polysplenia. Brain MRI showed rarefied periventricular white matter, narrow corpus callosum, abnormal pituitary, and Chiari malformation type I)
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.604 SIX6 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: SIX6 were changed from Optic disc anomalies with retinal and/or macular dystrophy to Optic disc anomalies with retinal and/or macular dystrophy, OMIM:212550; Colobomatous optic disc-macular atrophy-chorioretinopathy syndrome, MONDO:0008927
Fetal anomalies v1.595 SMS Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: SMS were changed from SNYDER-ROBINSON SYNDROME to Mental retardation, X-linked, Snyder-Robinson type, OMIM:309583; Syndromic X-linked intellectual disability Snyder type, MONDO:0010664
Fetal anomalies v1.515 RPL10 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: RPL10 were changed from Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, 35 to Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, 35, OMIM:300998; Intellectual disability, X-linked, syndromic, 35, MONDO:0030908
Fetal anomalies v1.440 KLHL7 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: KLHL7 were changed from Cold-induced sweating syndrome type 1 (CISS1-like Phenotype Associated with Early-Onset Retinitis Pigmentosa to PERCHING syndrome, OMIM:617055; PERCHING syndrome, MONDO:0014890
Fetal anomalies v1.264 MSTO1 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: MSTO1 were changed from Myopathy, mitochondrial, and ataxia to Myopathy, mitochondrial, and ataxia, OMIM:617675; Mitochondrial myopathy-cerebellar ataxia-pigmentary retinopathy syndrome, MONDO:0044714
Fetal anomalies v1.253 MEIS2 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: MEIS2 were changed from Cleft palate, cardiac defects, and mental retardation to Cleft palate, cardiac defects, and mental retardation, OMIM:600987; Cardiac malformation, cleft lip/palate, microcephaly, and digital anomalies, MONDO:0010970
Fetal anomalies v1.214 GREB1L Rhiannon Mellis changed review comment from: Further cases of renal agenesis with GREBL1 pathogenic variants reported by Herlin et al, 2019 and Jacquinet et al 2020 (see below). However I note this gene has recently been changed from Green to Amber at NHSE request.

PMID: 31424080: One family including a preterm infant with bilateral renal agenesis and Potters sequence.
PMID: 32378186: Four families including fetuses with uterovaginal aplasia and bilateral renal agenesis.; to: Further cases of renal agenesis with GREBL1 pathogenic variants reported by Herlin et al, 2019 and Jacquinet et al 2020 (see below).

PMID: 31424080: One family including a preterm infant with bilateral renal agenesis and Potters sequence.
PMID: 32378186: Four families including fetuses with uterovaginal aplasia and bilateral renal agenesis.
Fetal anomalies v1.214 MEIS2 Rhiannon Mellis gene: MEIS2 was added
gene: MEIS2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: MEIS2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: MEIS2 were set to Cleft palate, cardiac defects, and mental retardation
Review for gene: MEIS2 was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.

Green on related panel(s): Clefting
Sources: Expert list
Fetal anomalies v1.200 RPL10 Rhiannon Mellis gene: RPL10 was added
gene: RPL10 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert list
Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL10 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: RPL10 were set to Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, 35
Review for gene: RPL10 was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.

Green on related panel(s): IUGR and IGF abnormalities; Severe microcephaly
Sources: Expert list
Fetal anomalies v1.195 SCLT1 Rhiannon Mellis gene: SCLT1 was added
gene: SCLT1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SCLT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: SCLT1 were set to No OMIM phenotype; Oro-facio-digital syndrome type IX; Senior-Løken Syndrome
Review for gene: SCLT1 was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.

Green on related panel(s): Rare multisystem ciliopathy Super panel


Copied from rare multisystem ciliopathies panel:
PMID: 24285566 - Adly et al 2014 - 1 case with index patient with consanguineous Saudi parents and a severe ciliopathy phenotype. He had severe midline cleft lip and palate, microcephaly and choanal atresia. He also had significant eye involvement in the form of severe coloboma, and congenital heart disease (ASD and VSD). He had micropenis. Brain imaging revealed pachygyria and absent corpus callosum. He had abnormal inner ear structures. A splicing mutation was identified in SCLT1 (, NM_144643.2:exon5:c.290+2T>C). This mutation completely abolishes the consensus donor site of exon 5 as confirmed by RTPCR, which showed complete skipping of exon 5 resulting in a frameshift and introduction of a premature stop codon (p.Lys79Valfs*4),

PMID: 28005958 - de Castro-Miró et al 2016 - A cohort of 33 pedigrees affected with a variety of retinal disorders was analysed by WES. 1 case with compound heterozygosity (one missense and one splicing altering mutations) in SCLT1 that segregates with the condition in the family (2 affected siblings). Proposed to be causative of early-onset Retinitis Pigmentosa. SCLT1 is a member of the centrosomal/ciliary protein family.

PMID: 28486600 - Li et al 2017 - report a mouse model with mutated Sclt1 gene. The Sclt1-/- mice exhibit typical ciliopathy phenotypes, including cystic kidney, cleft palate and polydactyly.

PMID: 30425282 - Katagiri et al 2018 - a patient with Senior Løken syndrome and her unaffected parents revealed that the patient had infantile-onset retinal dystrophy and juvenile-onset nephronophthisis. Other systemic abnormalities included hepatic dysfunction, megacystis, mild learning disability, autism, obesity, and hyperinsulinemia. Whole-exome sequencing identified compound heterozygous SCLT1 variants (c.1218 + 3insT and c.1631A > G) in the patient. The unaffected parents were heterozygous for each variant. Transcript analysis using reverse transcription PCR demonstrated that the c.1218 + 3insT variant leads to exon 14 skipping (p.V383_M406del), while the other variant (c.1631A > G) primarily leads to exon 17 skipping (p.D480EfsX11) as well as minor amounts of two transcripts. Immunohistochemical analysis demonstrated that the Sclt1 protein was localized to the distal appendage of the photoreceptor basal body, indicating a ciliary protein.

= 3 cases plus a mouse model and functional evidence that the protein is a ciliary protein.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.192 SIX6 Rhiannon Mellis gene: SIX6 was added
gene: SIX6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: SIX6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: SIX6 were set to Optic disc anomalies with retinal and/or macular dystrophy
Review for gene: SIX6 was set to GREEN
Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in October 2020. This gene has a Green evidence rating on at least one other related PanelApp panel. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Rhiannon Mellis, and Richard Scott. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: add to the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene.

Green on related panel(s): Anophthalmia and microphthalmia
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.185 TUBGCP4 Rhiannon Mellis reviewed gene: TUBGCP4: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: Microcephaly and chorioretinopathy, autosomal recessive, 3; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Fetal anomalies v1.185 USP9X Rhiannon Mellis reviewed gene: USP9X: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: ; Phenotypes: MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 99, MRX99; Mode of inheritance: X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Fetal anomalies v1.178 SHROOM4 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: SHROOM4 were changed from HP:0001274 to Stocco dos Santos X-linked mental retardation syndrome, 300434
Fetal anomalies v1.121 SOX3 Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: SOX3 were changed from SEX REVERSAL TYPE 3; MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED WITH ISOLATED GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY to Mental retardation, X-linked, with isolated growth hormone deficiency, OMIM:300123; Intellectual disability, X-linked, with panhypopituitarism, MONDO:0010252; Panhypopituitarism, X-linked, OMIM:312000; Panhypopituitarism, X-linked, MONDO:0010712
Fetal anomalies v1.108 GFRA1 Zornitza Stark gene: GFRA1 was added
gene: GFRA1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Literature
Mode of inheritance for gene: GFRA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: GFRA1 were set to 33020172
Phenotypes for gene: GFRA1 were set to Renal agenesis
Review for gene: GFRA1 was set to AMBER
Added comment: Two unrelated families reported with bi-allelic LOF variants identified in individuals with bilateral renal agenesis. GFRA1 gene encodes a receptor on the Wolffian duct that regulates ureteric bud outgrowth in the development of a functional renal system. Also relevant to the CAKUT panel.
Sources: Literature
Fetal anomalies v1.41 SMG9 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: SMG9: PMID:31390136. Lecoquierre et al., 2019 performed exome sequencing in a patient with syndromic DD and diverse malformations including cleft lip and palate, facial dysmorphia, brain abnormalities, herat defect, growth retardation and severe infections. She carried a homozygous SMG9 variant, p.(Gln393*). Her unaffected parents were both heterozygous. Phenotypes were first noted in-utero: polyhydamnios, lateral cleft lip and palate, and IUGR noted on ultrasound.
Fetal anomalies v1.40 TUBA8 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: TUBA8: In 4 affected members of 2 consanguineous Pakistani families with MIM:613180, Abdollahi et al. (2009, PMID:19896110) identified a homozygous 14-bp deletion 11 bp upstream of the exon 2 splice site junction in TUBA8. The families may have common ancestory. All obligate carriers were heterozygous. The patients had neonatal hypotonia, profound mental retardation, essentially no psychomotor development, optic nerve hypoplasia, and thickened cortex with polymicrogyria and absent corpus callosum. BUT due to lack of a mouse TUBA8 phenotype, the authors in PMID:28388629 (Diggle et al 2017) reanalysed their patients from PMID:19896110 and found an additional LOF variant in SNAP29 (p.Ser163Lysfs*6). The authors suggest that SNAP29 deficiency, rather than TUBA8 deficiency, may be responsible for the patient phenotypes.
Fetal anomalies v0.328 VDR Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on list classification: Demoted rating from Green to Amber following discussions with Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team) and Rhiannon Mellis (Great Ormond Street). As Anna and Rhiannon note: rickets due to VDR could theoretically present in a fetus of a homozygous mother, as Melita suggested, but it would actually be caused by the mother’s vitamin D status irrespective of the baby’s genotype. Therefore, rather than performing a fetal exome, it would be better investigating the mother, who would have clinical signs and biochemical abnormalities in her own right.
Fetal anomalies v0.311 RET Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: RET: Added comment: This gene was reviewed by Anna de Burca (Genomics England Clinical Team) and Moin Saleem (University of Bristol). Outcome of review: Rate as Green.; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.310 RET Rebecca Foulger Source Expert Review Green was added to RET.
Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Green List (high evidence)
Fetal anomalies v0.304 IARS Rebecca Foulger Phenotypes for gene: IARS were changed from Growth Retardation with Prenatal Onset, Intellectual Disability, Muscular Hypotonia, and Infantile Hepatopathy to Growth retardation, impaired intellectual development, hypotonia, and hepatopathy, 617093
Fetal anomalies v0.302 IARS Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on list classification: Promoted IARS from Amber to Green on advice from Genomics England clinical team. Although the DD-G2P Disease confidence rating is 'probable' for 'Growth Retardation with Prenatal Onset, Intellectual Disability, Muscular Hypotonia, and Infantile Hepatopathy', there are sufficient cases from the literature to support Green rating. As reviewed by Louise Daugherty on the 'Intellectual disability' panel: Kopajtich et al., 2016 PMID:27426735 reported 3 unrelated patients with a multisystem disorder characterized by intrauterine and postnatal growth retardation, including small head circumference (-3 to -5 SD), hypotonia and delayed psychomotor development with variable severity of intellectual disability.
Fetal anomalies v0.232 DDX3X Rebecca Foulger Phenotypes for gene: DDX3X were changed from INTELLECTUAL DIABILITY to INTELLECTUAL DIABILITY; Intellectual disability; Mental retardation, X-linked 102, 300958
Fetal anomalies v0.222 ZFP57 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: ZFP57: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March and April 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: include on the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene. Additional notes from clinical review: Intrauterine growth retardation leading to tiny babies.; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.218 MYT1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: MYT1: Berenguer et al 2017 (PMID:28612832) identified a third (de novo) MYT1 variant in a patient with OAVS: c.323C>T p.Ser108Leu from a cohort of 57 new patients with a typically heterogeneous OAVS. From functional studies, it's still unclear how these variants impact retinoic acid signaling and contribute to the phenotype.
Fetal anomalies v0.199 COG4 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: COG4: COG4 is Green on the fetal panel based on 'confirmed' rating for a biallelic glycosylation disorder (COG4-CDG) and expert clinical review. A probable gene:disease disorder also exists in DD-Gene2Phenotype: Saul-Wilson syndrome. DDG2P Disease confidence: probable. DDG2P mode of pathogenicity/mutation consequence: all missense/in frame, gain of function. DDG2P mode of inheritance: monoallelic.

Saul-Wilson syndrome is a rare form of primordial dwarfism with severe pre-and postnatal growth retardation, and characteristic facial and radiographic features (PMID:30290151). Fetal relevance was confirmed by Anna de Burca but the evidence requires further investigation before the MOI is expanded to include monoallelic variants.
Fetal anomalies v0.191 POLR3A Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Added 'Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome' to the phenotypes because (based on the OMIM summary) the condition includes intrauterine growth retardation amongst the phenotypes, and is therefore fetally-relevant.
Fetal anomalies v0.166 TMEM165 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: TMEM165: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were discussed during review of borderline cases in April 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: keep on the Fetal anomalies panel as Green. Additional notes from clinical review: OMIM phenotypes include growth retardation, and most had short stature. Other features included dysmorphism, hypotonia, eye abnormalities, acquired microcephaly, hepatomegaly, and skeletal dysplasia.; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.154 RETREG1 Rebecca Foulger Source Expert Review Red was added to RETREG1.
Rating Changed from Green List (high evidence) to Red List (low evidence)
Fetal anomalies v0.153 RETREG1 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: RETREG1: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Phenotype is not fetally-relevant. Additional notes from clinical review: No structural phenotypes. Action taken: Demoted RETREG1 gene rating from Green to Red.; Changed rating: RED
Fetal anomalies v0.153 PYCR1 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: PYCR1: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: keep on the Fetal anomalies panel as a Green gene. Additional notes from clinical review: An unpublished case presented with IUGR, Microcephaly, hydronephrosis, echogenic kidney, hypoplastic nasal bone. Long bones short and bowed, ambigious genitalia, megalourethra, thickened bladder wall. OMIM phenotypes include IUGR, microcephaly, long bone bowing and agenesis of the corpus callosum (ACC).; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.147 LRP5 Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: In original PAGE file, mode of inheritance was recorded as biallelic for 'OSTEOPOROSIS-PSEUDOGLIOMA SYNDROME' and monoallelic for 'HIGH BONE MASS TRAIT', 'OSTEOPETROSIS AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TYPE 1', 'ENDOSTEAL HYPEROSTOSIS WORTH TYPE' and 'VITREORETINOPATHY EXUDATIVE TYPE 4'. Changed inheritance to 'biallelic' only following clinical review.
Fetal anomalies v0.142 CASK Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: CASK: In the original PAGE file, MOI listed as X-linked dominant for 'MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED CASK-RELATED, and Hemizygous for 'FG SYNDROME TYPE 4' and 'MRX WITH/WITHOUT NYSTAGMUS'.
Fetal anomalies v0.142 ALDH18A1 Rebecca Foulger Added comment: Comment on mode of inheritance: Mode of inheritance in original PAGE file was Monoallelic for 'CUTIS LAXA, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 3' and 'SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA 9, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT', and Biallelic for 'MENTAL RETARDATION-JOINT HYPERMOBILITY-SKIN LAXITY WITH OR WITHOUT METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES'. Clinical review confirmed that ALDH18A1 should be on the panel with both monoallelic and biallelic inheritance.
Fetal anomalies v0.134 CUL7 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: CUL7: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Confirmed that phenotype is fetally-relevant: keep on the Fetal anomalies panel as Green. Additional notes from clinical review: Pre- and postnatal growth retardation reported.; Changed rating: GREEN
Fetal anomalies v0.134 CRB1 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: CRB1: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Phenotype is not fetally-relevant. Additional notes from clinical review: Mainly retinal phenotype. You can see cataracts on a pre-natal scan but in this case the cataracts are progressive and appear later. Action taken: Demoted CRB1 gene rating from Green to Red.; Changed rating: RED
Fetal anomalies v0.134 CIB2 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: CIB2: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Phenotype is not fetally-relevant. Additional notes from clinical review: The phenotypes of deafness and Retinitis pigmentosa (part of Usher syndrome, type IJ) would not present prenatally. Action taken: Demoted CIB2 gene rating from Green to Red. ; Changed rating: RED
Fetal anomalies v0.134 C2orf71 Rebecca Foulger edited their review of gene: C2orf71: Added comment: This gene and phenotype were reviewed during meetings at Great Ormond Street hospital in March 2019. Clinical review and curation was performed by Lyn Chitty, Anna de Burca, Rhiannon Mellis, Richard Scott, Ellen McDonagh and Rebecca Foulger. Outcome of review: Phenotype is not fetally-relevant. Additional notes from clinical review: Retinitis pigmentosa has adult onset with two patients reported with an earlier onset. Action taken: Demoted C2orf71 (PCARE) gene rating from Green to Red.; Changed rating: RED
Fetal anomalies v0.110 RET Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: RET: Changed rating to Amber to reflect DDG2P Disease confidence of 'DD and IF' for RENAL AGENESIS; MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA IIB.
Fetal anomalies v0.110 FAM161A Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: FAM161A: Changed rating to Amber to reflect DDG2P Disease confidence of 'DD and IF' for RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 28.
Fetal anomalies v0.109 RET Rebecca Foulger Source Expert Review Amber was added to RET.
Rating Changed from Green List (high evidence) to Amber List (moderate evidence)
Fetal anomalies v0.101 TWIST2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: TWIST2: Communication from Deirdre Cilliers, Oxford University Hospitals (via email, February 2019) to support Green rating: Yes [TWIST2 should be on the Fetal anomalies panel]. Very particular mutations which improve the chance of variant interpretation - gain of function for Barber-Say and ablepharon-macrostomia syndrome. May present with ambiguous genitalia (microarray may identify a male karyotype when thought that female genitalia were seen on scan) or talipes which may be identified, but other features not clear on scan (loss of lateral lower lip). Setleis type of focal facial dermal dysplasia would not present prenatally, although there is a small chance of an incidental finding if this gene is on the panel.
Fetal anomalies v0.92 MITF Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: MITF: Communication from Deirdre Cilliers, Oxford University Hospitals (via email, February 2019): Yes [CFC1 should be on the Fetal anomalies panel]. COMMAD would present prenatally as microphalmia and congenital cataracts would be seen on ultrasound scan as may be the macrocephaly and frontal bossing. The parents would likely exhibit the Tietz albinism deafness/Waardenburg phenotypes so would be able to interpret variants for this condition. However, some fetusses may incidentally be identified to have Tietz albinism deafness/Waardenburg phenotypes, but this may also be informative to parents, although more difficult information for them to receive.
Fetal anomalies v0.85 EMG1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: EMG1: Bowen-Conradi syndrome includes marked prenatal and postnatal growth retardation, microcephaly, a prominent nose with an absent glabellar angle, micrognathia, joint abnormalities including flexion contractures, camptodactyly, rocker-bottom feet, and severe psychomotor delay (PMID:19463982). So far, one EMG1 variant (D86G) recorded for Bowen-Conradi Syndrome, with virtually all affected babies born into Hutterite families. PMID:19463982 does however report that there are at least 4 published (Russian, German, Turkish and two Indian babies) and four unpublished reports of non-Hutterite babies with BCS-compatible features.
Fetal anomalies v0.81 DEAF1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: DEAF1: Communication from Deirdre Cilliers, Oxford University Hospitals (via email, February 2019): Probably not [include DEAF1 on the Fetal anomalies panel] if the panel was requested only for fetal structural anomalies. Difficult to decide as one would like to make this diagnosis prenatally. However, no structural features on ultrasound scan and this would make variant interpretation difficult – especially as some of the mutations have been missense mutations.
Fetal anomalies v0.70 TPM2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: TPM2: Communication from Deirdre Cilliers, Oxford University Hospitals (via email, February 2019) to support Green rating: Yes [TPM2 should be on the Fetal anomalies panel]. Distal arthrogryposis is seen relatively frequently on ultrasound scan. Often a diagnosis is of help as it gives information about the chance (or not) of learning difficulties when there is a diagnosis of arthrogryposis in the feta’s. The phenotype is also relatively straightforward to identify on ultrasound scan and this would make variant interpretation better.
Fetal anomalies v0.70 KYNU Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: KYNU: Communication from Deirdre Cilliers, Oxford University Hospitals (via email, February 2019) to support Green rating: Only 2 cases – amber (although for me it would be a yes for the reasons below). Ultrasound findings, although variable in the condition, may be identified, e.g. short long bones, hypoplastic Lt heart, VU reflux, talipes, dysplastic kidney and absent kidney. Combinations of these features would make interpretation of a variant possible. Also, the reported variants so far were truncating.
Fetal anomalies v0.70 HAAO Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: HAAO: Communication from Deirdre Cilliers, Oxford University Hospitals (via email, February 2019) to support Green rating: Only 2 cases – amber (although for me it would be a yes for the reasons below). Ultrasound findings, although variable in the condition, may be identified, e.g. short long bones, hypoplastic Lt heart, VU reflux, talipes, dysplastic kidney and absent kidney. Combinations of these features would make interpretation of a variant possible. Also, the reported variants so far were truncating.
Fetal anomalies v0.68 CHRNA1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: CHRNA1: Communication from Deirdre Cilliers, Oxford University Hospitals (via email, February 2019) to support Green rating: Yes [CHRNA1 should be on the Fetal anomalies panel]. The phenotype would be clear on ultrasound scan and variant interpretation would be easier because of this. In general, arthrogryposis can be variable, but the extent would be relatively obvious on scan and would be the reason for the test request.
Fetal anomalies v0.66 CFC1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: CFC1: Communication from Deirdre Cilliers, Oxford University Hospitals (via email, February 2019) to support Green rating: Yes [CFC1 should be on the Fetal anomalies panel]. The phenotype would easily be seen on ultrasound scan and such a result would give the parents good information about the pregnancy and also help allow variant interpretation. It would let them know that the intellect is likely normal and they can then concentrate on the particular cardiac problem only. If incidentally identified, ultrasound scans can be offered in pregnancy. Also, one of the patients [in PMID:11062482] had an absent corpus callosum, although it may have been an incidental finding.
Fetal anomalies v0.61 OPHN1 Louise Daugherty Phenotypes for gene: OPHN1 were changed from MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED OPHN1-RELATED to Mental retardation, X-linked, with cerebellar hypoplasia and distinctive facial appearance, 300486
Fetal anomalies v0.9 USP9X Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: USP9X: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 99
Fetal anomalies v0.9 TTI2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: TTI2: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.9 TTC8 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: TTC8: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA TYPE 51 and Confirmed for BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME TYPE 8.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 THOC2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: THOC2: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 12
Fetal anomalies v0.9 ST3GAL3 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: ST3GAL3: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 12
Fetal anomalies v0.9 SOX3 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: SOX3: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SEX REVERSAL TYPE 3 and Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED WITH ISOLATED GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 SOX17 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: SOX17: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for VESICOURETERAL REFLUX TYPE 3
Fetal anomalies v0.9 SOX11 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: SOX11: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, 27
Fetal anomalies v0.9 SLC6A17 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: SLC6A17: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 48
Fetal anomalies v0.9 SETBP1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: SETBP1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SCHINZEL-GIEDION MIDFACE RETRACTION SYNDROME and Confirmed for DEVELOPMENTAL AND EXPRESSIVE LANGUAGE DELAY.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 RETREG1 Rebecca Foulger reviewed gene: RETREG1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance:
Fetal anomalies v0.9 POMGNT1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: POMGNT1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY CONGENITAL WITH MENTAL RETARDATION TYPE B3, Confirmed for MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY CONGENITAL WITH BRAIN AND EYE ANOMALIES TYPE A3 (MDDGA3, and Confirmed for MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY LIMB-GIRDLE TYPE C3.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 POLR3B Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: POLR3B: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for LEUKODYSTROPHY, HYPOMYELINATING, 8, WITH OR WITHOUT OLIGODONTIA AND/OR HYPOGONADOTROPIC HYPOGONADISM and Confirmed for AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 PIGV Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: PIGV: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for HYPERPHOSPHATASIA WITH MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.9 PDE6H Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: PDE6H: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for ACHROMATOPSIA and Probable for RETINAL CONE DYSTROPHY 3 PDE6H.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 C2orf71 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: C2orf71: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 54
Fetal anomalies v0.9 PAK3 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: PAK3: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for AGENESIS OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM and Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 30.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 NALCN Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: NALCN: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for CONGENITAL CONTRACTURES OF THE LIMBS AND FACE, HYPOTONIA, AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY, Confirmed for HYPOTONIA, INFANTILE, WITH PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION AND CHARACTERISTIC FACIES, and Confirmed for SEVERE HYPOTONIA, SPEECH IMPAIRMENT, AND COGNITIVE DELAY.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 MECP2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: MECP2: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for RETT SYNDROME (RTT)[, Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED LUBS TYPE, Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED TYPE 13, Confirmed for CHROMOSOME XQ28 DUPLICATION SYNDROME, and Confirmed for ENCEPHALOPATHY NEONATAL SEVERE DUE TO MECP2 MUTATIONS.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 MAN1B1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: MAN1B1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.9 LRP5 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: LRP5: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for HIGH BONE MASS TRAIT, Confirmed for OSTEOPETROSIS AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TYPE 1, Confirmed for ENDOSTEAL HYPEROSTOSIS WORTH TYPE, Confirmed for VITREORETINOPATHY EXUDATIVE TYPE 4 and Confirmed for OSTEOPOROSIS-PSEUDOGLIOMA SYNDROME.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 KLHL7 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: KLHL7: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for Cold-induced sweating syndrome type 1 (CISS1-like Phenotype Associated with Early-Onset Retinitis Pigmentosa
Fetal anomalies v0.9 KIF7 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: KIF7: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for ACROCALLOSAL SYNDROME and Confirmed for AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 KIF1A Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: KIF1A: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 9, and Confirmed for NEUROPATHY, HEREDITARY SENSORY, TYPE IIC.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 IRX5 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: IRX5: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Probable for HYPERTELORISM, SEVERE, WITH MIDFACE PROMINENCE, MYOPIA, MENTAL RETARDATION, AND BONE FRAGILITY
Fetal anomalies v0.9 IQSEC2 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: IQSEC2: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 1
Fetal anomalies v0.9 INPP5E Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: INPP5E: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION-TRUNCAL OBESITY-RETINAL DYSTROPHY-MICROPENIS and Confirmed for JOUBERT SYNDROME TYPE 1.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 HUWE1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: HUWE1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED TURNER TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.9 HSD17B10 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: HSD17B10: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for 2-METHYL-3-HYDROXYBUTYRYL-COA DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY and Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED TYPE 10.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 HCFC1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: HCFC1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 3 and Confirmed for COBALAMIN DISORDER.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 GRIN2B Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: GRIN2B: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for AUTISM, MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 6, and Confirmed for EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 FLVCR1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: FLVCR1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for ATAXIA, POSTERIOR COLUMN, WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Fetal anomalies v0.9 COL2A1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: COL2A1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for KNIEST DYSPLASIA, Confirmed for ACHONDROGENESIS TYPE 2, Confirmed for PLATYSPONDYLIC LETHAL SKELETAL DYSPLASIA TORRANCE TYPE, Confirmed for STICKLER SYNDROME TYPE 1 NON-SYNDROMIC OCULAR, Confirmed for SPONDYLOPERIPHERAL DYSPLASIA, Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIMETAPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA STRUDWICK TYPE, Confirmed for RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT and Confirmed for SPONDYLOEPIPHYSEAL DYSPLASIA CONGENITA.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 CASK Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: CASK: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED CASK-RELATED, FG SYNDROME TYPE 4 and Confirmed for MRX WITH/WITHOUT NYSTAGMUS.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 ARX Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: ARX: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED ARX-RELATED, Confirmed for AGENESIS OF THE CORPUS CALLOSUM WITH ABNORMAL GENITALIA, Confirmed for PARTINGTON SYNDROME, Confirmed for EPILEPTIC ENCEPHALOPATHY EARLY INFANTILE TYPE 1 and Confirmed for LISSENCEPHALY X-LINKED TYPE 2.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 ARL6 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: ARL6: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for BARDET-BIEDL SYNDROME TYPE 3 and Confirmed for RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA TYPE 55.
Fetal anomalies v0.9 ALDH18A1 Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: ALDH18A1: DDG2P rating in original PAGE list: Confirmed for SPASTIC PARAPLEGIA 9, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, Confirmed for MENTAL RETARDATION-JOINT HYPERMOBILITY-SKIN LAXITY WITH OR WITHOUT METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES, and Confirmed for CUTIS LAXA, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 3.
Fetal anomalies v0.7 RET Rebecca Foulger Deleted their comment
Fetal anomalies v0.7 RET Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: RET: Rating in original PAGE file: 'both DD and IF' for RENAL AGENESIS and MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA IIB.
Fetal anomalies v0.6 RET Rebecca Foulger commented on gene: RET: Rating in original PAGE file: 'Both DD and IF' for RENAL AGENESIS and MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA IIB.
Fetal anomalies v0.3 RET Rebecca Foulger reviewed gene: RET: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance:
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ZNF711 Rebecca Foulger gene: ZNF711 was added
gene: ZNF711 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF711 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: ZNF711 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED ZNF711-RELATED
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ZDHHC9 Rebecca Foulger gene: ZDHHC9 was added
gene: ZDHHC9 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: ZDHHC9 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: ZDHHC9 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED ZDHHC9-RELATED
Fetal anomalies v0.1 YAP1 Rebecca Foulger gene: YAP1 was added
gene: YAP1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: YAP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: YAP1 were set to COLOBOMA, OCULAR, WITH OR WITHOUT HEARING IMPAIRMENT, CLEFT LIP/PALATE, AND/OR MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 WDR62 Rebecca Foulger gene: WDR62 was added
gene: WDR62 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: WDR62 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: WDR62 were set to MICROCEPHALY CORTICAL MALFORMATIONS AND MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 VLDLR Rebecca Foulger gene: VLDLR was added
gene: VLDLR was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: VLDLR was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: VLDLR were set to CEREBELLAR ATAXIA MENTAL RETARDATION AND DYSEQUILIBRIUM SYNDROME TYPE 1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 USP9X Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 99 for gene: USP9X
Fetal anomalies v0.1 USP9X Rebecca Foulger gene: USP9X was added
gene: USP9X was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: USP9X was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Phenotypes for gene: USP9X were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 99
Fetal anomalies v0.1 UPF3B Rebecca Foulger gene: UPF3B was added
gene: UPF3B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: UPF3B was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: UPF3B were set to MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED TYPE 14
Fetal anomalies v0.1 UNC80 Rebecca Foulger gene: UNC80 was added
gene: UNC80 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: UNC80 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: UNC80 were set to Persistent Hypotonia, Encephalopathy, Growth Retardation, and Severe Intellectual Disability
Fetal anomalies v0.1 UBE3B Rebecca Foulger gene: UBE3B was added
gene: UBE3B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: UBE3B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: UBE3B were set to BLEPHAROPHIMOSIS-MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 UBE2A Rebecca Foulger gene: UBE2A was added
gene: UBE2A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: UBE2A was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: UBE2A were set to UBE2A-RELATED X-LINKED SYNDROMIC MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TUSC3 Rebecca Foulger gene: TUSC3 was added
gene: TUSC3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TUSC3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TUSC3 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TYPE 7
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TUBGCP6 Rebecca Foulger gene: TUBGCP6 was added
gene: TUBGCP6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBGCP6 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TUBGCP6 were set to MICROCEPHALY AND CHORIORETINOPATHY WITH OR WITHOUT MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TUBGCP4 Rebecca Foulger gene: TUBGCP4 was added
gene: TUBGCP4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBGCP4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TUBGCP4 were set to AUTOSOMAL-RECESSIVE MICROCEPHALY WITH CHORIORETINOPATHY.
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TTI2 Rebecca Foulger gene: TTI2 was added
gene: TTI2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: TTI2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TTI2 were set to AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TTC8 Rebecca Foulger gene: TTC8 was added
gene: TTC8 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TTC8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TTC8 were set to RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA TYPE 51
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TSPAN7 Rebecca Foulger gene: TSPAN7 was added
gene: TSPAN7 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TSPAN7 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: TSPAN7 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 58
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TRAPPC9 Rebecca Foulger gene: TRAPPC9 was added
gene: TRAPPC9 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TRAPPC9 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TRAPPC9 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TYPE 13
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TNXB Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes Vesicoureteral reflux 8 615963 for gene: TNXB
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TNXB Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes Vesicoureteral reflux 8 615963 for gene: TNXB
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TMCO1 Rebecca Foulger gene: TMCO1 was added
gene: TMCO1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TMCO1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: TMCO1 were set to CRANIOFACIAL DYSMORPHISM, SKELETAL ANOMALIES, AND MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TINF2 Rebecca Foulger gene: TINF2 was added
gene: TINF2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: TINF2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: TINF2 were set to EXUDATIVE RETINOPATHY WITH BONE MARROW FAILURE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 THOC2 Rebecca Foulger gene: THOC2 was added
gene: THOC2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: THOC2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: THOC2 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 12
Fetal anomalies v0.1 TBCE Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes HYPOPARATHYROIDISM-RETARDATION-DYSMORPHISM SYNDROME for gene: TBCE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SYP Rebecca Foulger gene: SYP was added
gene: SYP was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SYP was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: SYP were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED SYP-RELATED
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SYNGAP1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TYPE 5 for gene: SYNGAP1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ST3GAL3 Rebecca Foulger gene: ST3GAL3 was added
gene: ST3GAL3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: ST3GAL3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: ST3GAL3 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 12
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SPATA5 Rebecca Foulger gene: SPATA5 was added
gene: SPATA5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SPATA5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: SPATA5 were set to EPILEPSY, HEARING LOSS, AND MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SOX3 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED WITH ISOLATED GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY for gene: SOX3
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SOX17 Rebecca Foulger gene: SOX17 was added
gene: SOX17 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SOX17 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: SOX17 were set to VESICOURETERAL REFLUX TYPE 3
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SOX11 Rebecca Foulger gene: SOX11 was added
gene: SOX11 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: SOX11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: SOX11 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, 27
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SLC9A6 Rebecca Foulger gene: SLC9A6 was added
gene: SLC9A6 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC9A6 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: SLC9A6 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED CHRISTIANSON TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SLC6A17 Rebecca Foulger gene: SLC6A17 was added
gene: SLC6A17 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: SLC6A17 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: SLC6A17 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 48
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SETD5 Rebecca Foulger gene: SETD5 was added
gene: SETD5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SETD5 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: SETD5 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 23
Fetal anomalies v0.1 SETBP1 Rebecca Foulger gene: SETBP1 was added
gene: SETBP1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: SETBP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: SETBP1 were set to SCHINZEL-GIEDION MIDFACE RETRACTION SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 RETREG1 Rebecca Foulger gene: RETREG1 was added
gene: RETREG1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: RETREG1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: RETREG1 were set to NEUROPATHY, HEREDITARY SENSORY AND AUTONOMIC, TYPE IIB
Fetal anomalies v0.1 RET Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MULTIPLE ENDOCRINE NEOPLASIA IIB for gene: RET
Fetal anomalies v0.1 RET Rebecca Foulger gene: RET was added
gene: RET was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: RET was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: RET were set to RENAL AGENESIS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 RAB39B Rebecca Foulger gene: RAB39B was added
gene: RAB39B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: RAB39B was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: RAB39B were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 72 (MRX72) +/- PARKINSONS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PRSS12 Rebecca Foulger gene: PRSS12 was added
gene: PRSS12 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRSS12 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PRSS12 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TYPE 1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PRRT2 Rebecca Foulger gene: PRRT2 was added
gene: PRRT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PRRT2 was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PRRT2 were set to AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 POMT2 Rebecca Foulger gene: POMT2 was added
gene: POMT2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: POMT2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: POMT2 were set to MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY CONGENITAL WITH MENTAL RETARDATION TYPE B2
Fetal anomalies v0.1 POMT1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY CONGENITAL WITH MENTAL RETARDATION TYPE B1 for gene: POMT1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 POMGNT1 Rebecca Foulger gene: POMGNT1 was added
gene: POMGNT1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: POMGNT1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: POMGNT1 were set to MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY CONGENITAL WITH MENTAL RETARDATION TYPE B3
Fetal anomalies v0.1 POLR3B Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION for gene: POLR3B
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PLK4 Rebecca Foulger gene: PLK4 was added
gene: PLK4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PLK4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PLK4 were set to MICROCEPHALY, GROWTH FAILURE AND RETINOPATHY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PIGV Rebecca Foulger gene: PIGV was added
gene: PIGV was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGV was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PIGV were set to HYPERPHOSPHATASIA WITH MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PIGO Rebecca Foulger gene: PIGO was added
gene: PIGO was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PIGO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PIGO were set to HYPERPHOSPHATASIA WITH MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME 2
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PHF8 Rebecca Foulger gene: PHF8 was added
gene: PHF8 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PHF8 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: PHF8 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED SIDERIUS TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PGAP3 Rebecca Foulger gene: PGAP3 was added
gene: PGAP3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PGAP3 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PGAP3 were set to HYPERPHOSPHATASIA WITH MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME 4
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PDE6H Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes RETINAL CONE DYSTROPHY 3 PDE6H for gene: PDE6H
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PDE6G Rebecca Foulger gene: PDE6G was added
gene: PDE6G was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: PDE6G was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: PDE6G were set to RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 57
Fetal anomalies v0.1 C2orf71 Rebecca Foulger gene: C2orf71 was added
gene: C2orf71 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: C2orf71 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: C2orf71 were set to RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 54
Fetal anomalies v0.1 PAK3 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 30 for gene: PAK3
Fetal anomalies v0.1 OPHN1 Rebecca Foulger gene: OPHN1 was added
gene: OPHN1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: OPHN1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: OPHN1 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED OPHN1-RELATED
Fetal anomalies v0.1 NHEJ1 Rebecca Foulger gene: NHEJ1 was added
gene: NHEJ1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE Additional Gene List
Mode of inheritance for gene: NHEJ1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: NHEJ1 were set to Severe combined immunodeficiency with microcephaly, growth retardation, and sensitivity to ionizing radiation 611291
Fetal anomalies v0.1 NALCN Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes HYPOTONIA, INFANTILE, WITH PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION AND CHARACTERISTIC FACIES for gene: NALCN
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MEF2C Rebecca Foulger gene: MEF2C was added
gene: MEF2C was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MEF2C was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: MEF2C were set to MENTAL RETARDATION-STEREOTYPIC MOVEMENTS-EPILEPSY AND/OR CEREBRAL MALFORMATIONS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MECP2 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED TYPE 13 for gene: MECP2
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MECP2 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED LUBS TYPE for gene: MECP2
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MECP2 Rebecca Foulger gene: MECP2 was added
gene: MECP2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MECP2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Phenotypes for gene: MECP2 were set to RETT SYNDROME (RTT)[
Fetal anomalies v0.1 MAN1B1 Rebecca Foulger gene: MAN1B1 was added
gene: MAN1B1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: MAN1B1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: MAN1B1 were set to AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 LRP5 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes VITREORETINOPATHY EXUDATIVE TYPE 4 for gene: LRP5
Fetal anomalies v0.1 LINS1 Rebecca Foulger gene: LINS1 was added
gene: LINS1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: LINS1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: LINS1 were set to AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 LARGE1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY CONGENITAL WITH MENTAL RETARDATION TYPE B6 for gene: LARGE1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 LAMA1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION for gene: LAMA1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 LAMA1 Rebecca Foulger gene: LAMA1 was added
gene: LAMA1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: LAMA1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: LAMA1 were set to CEREBELLAR DYSPLASIA WITH CYSTS WITH OR WITHOUT RETINAL DYSTROPHY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 L1CAM Rebecca Foulger gene: L1CAM was added
gene: L1CAM was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: L1CAM was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: L1CAM were set to MENTAL RETARDATION-APHASIA-SHUFFLING GAIT-ADDUCTED THUMBS SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 KLHL7 Rebecca Foulger gene: KLHL7 was added
gene: KLHL7 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: KLHL7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: KLHL7 were set to Cold-induced sweating syndrome type 1 (CISS1-like Phenotype Associated with Early-Onset Retinitis Pigmentosa
Fetal anomalies v0.1 KIF7 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE MENTAL RETARDATION for gene: KIF7
Fetal anomalies v0.1 KIF1A Rebecca Foulger gene: KIF1A was added
gene: KIF1A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF1A was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: KIF1A were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 9
Fetal anomalies v0.1 KIF11 Rebecca Foulger gene: KIF11 was added
gene: KIF11 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: KIF11 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: KIF11 were set to AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT MICROCEPHALY ASSOCIATED WITH LYMPHEDEMA AND/OR CHORIORETINOPATHY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 KDM5C Rebecca Foulger gene: KDM5C was added
gene: KDM5C was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: KDM5C was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: KDM5C were set to MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED JARID1C-RELATED
Fetal anomalies v0.1 KCNJ10 Rebecca Foulger gene: KCNJ10 was added
gene: KCNJ10 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: KCNJ10 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: KCNJ10 were set to SEIZURES-SENSORINEURAL DEAFNESS-ATAXIA-MENTAL RETARDATION-ELECTROLYTE IMBALANCE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 KAT6A Rebecca Foulger gene: KAT6A was added
gene: KAT6A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: KAT6A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: KAT6A were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 32
Fetal anomalies v0.1 IRX5 Rebecca Foulger gene: IRX5 was added
gene: IRX5 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: IRX5 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: IRX5 were set to HYPERTELORISM, SEVERE, WITH MIDFACE PROMINENCE, MYOPIA, MENTAL RETARDATION, AND BONE FRAGILITY
Fetal anomalies v0.1 IQSEC2 Rebecca Foulger gene: IQSEC2 was added
gene: IQSEC2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: IQSEC2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: IQSEC2 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 INPP5E Rebecca Foulger gene: INPP5E was added
gene: INPP5E was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: INPP5E was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: INPP5E were set to MENTAL RETARDATION-TRUNCAL OBESITY-RETINAL DYSTROPHY-MICROPENIS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 IL1RAPL1 Rebecca Foulger gene: IL1RAPL1 was added
gene: IL1RAPL1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: IL1RAPL1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: IL1RAPL1 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 21
Fetal anomalies v0.1 IGFBP7 Rebecca Foulger gene: IGFBP7 was added
gene: IGFBP7 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: IGFBP7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: IGFBP7 were set to RETINAL ARTERIAL MACROANEURYSM WITH SUPRAVALVULAR PULMONIC STENOSIS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 IARS Rebecca Foulger gene: IARS was added
gene: IARS was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: IARS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: IARS were set to Growth Retardation with Prenatal Onset, Intellectual Disability, Muscular Hypotonia, and Infantile Hepatopathy
Fetal anomalies v0.1 HUWE1 Rebecca Foulger gene: HUWE1 was added
gene: HUWE1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: HUWE1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: HUWE1 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED TURNER TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 HSD17B10 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED TYPE 10 for gene: HSD17B10
Fetal anomalies v0.1 HDAC4 Rebecca Foulger gene: HDAC4 was added
gene: HDAC4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: HDAC4 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: HDAC4 were set to BRACHYDACTYLY-MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 HCFC1 Rebecca Foulger gene: HCFC1 was added
gene: HCFC1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: HCFC1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: HCFC1 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, X-LINKED 3
Fetal anomalies v0.1 GRIN2B Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 6 for gene: GRIN2B
Fetal anomalies v0.1 GRIK2 Rebecca Foulger gene: GRIK2 was added
gene: GRIK2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIK2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: GRIK2 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TYPE 6
Fetal anomalies v0.1 GRIA3 Rebecca Foulger gene: GRIA3 was added
gene: GRIA3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: GRIA3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: GRIA3 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 94
Fetal anomalies v0.1 GDI1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 48 for gene: GDI1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 GDI1 Rebecca Foulger gene: GDI1 was added
gene: GDI1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: GDI1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: GDI1 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 41
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FTSJ1 Rebecca Foulger gene: FTSJ1 was added
gene: FTSJ1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: FTSJ1 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: FTSJ1 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 44
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FOXP1 Rebecca Foulger gene: FOXP1 was added
gene: FOXP1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXP1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: FOXP1 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION WITH LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT AND AUTISTIC FEATURES
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FOXG1 Rebecca Foulger gene: FOXG1 was added
gene: FOXG1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: FOXG1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: FOXG1 were set to CONGENITAL VARIANT OF RETT SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FLVCR1 Rebecca Foulger gene: FLVCR1 was added
gene: FLVCR1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: FLVCR1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: FLVCR1 were set to ATAXIA, POSTERIOR COLUMN, WITH RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FKTN Rebecca Foulger gene: FKTN was added
gene: FKTN was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: FKTN was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: FKTN were set to MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY CONGENITAL WITHOUT MENTAL RETARDATION TYPE B4
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FKRP Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY-DYSTROGLYCANOPATHY CONGENITAL WITH OR WITHOUT MENTAL RETARDATION TYPE B5 for gene: FKRP
Fetal anomalies v0.1 FAM161A Rebecca Foulger gene: FAM161A was added
gene: FAM161A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: FAM161A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: FAM161A were set to RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA 28
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ELOVL4 Rebecca Foulger gene: ELOVL4 was added
gene: ELOVL4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: ELOVL4 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: ELOVL4 were set to ICHTHYOSIS, SPASTIC QUADRIPLEGIA, AND MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 DYRK1A Rebecca Foulger gene: DYRK1A was added
gene: DYRK1A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: DYRK1A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: DYRK1A were set to MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT TYPE 7
Fetal anomalies v0.1 DLG3 Rebecca Foulger gene: DLG3 was added
gene: DLG3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: DLG3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: DLG3 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 90
Fetal anomalies v0.1 DEAF1 Rebecca Foulger gene: DEAF1 was added
gene: DEAF1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: DEAF1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: DEAF1 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 24
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CWC27 Rebecca Foulger gene: CWC27 was added
gene: CWC27 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CWC27 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CWC27 were set to Retinitis pigmentosa, skeletal anomalies and intellectual disability
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CUL4B Rebecca Foulger gene: CUL4B was added
gene: CUL4B was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CUL4B was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: CUL4B were set to MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED CABEZAS TYPE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CTNNB1 Rebecca Foulger gene: CTNNB1 was added
gene: CTNNB1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CTNNB1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: CTNNB1 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 19
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CTC1 Rebecca Foulger gene: CTC1 was added
gene: CTC1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CTC1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CTC1 were set to CEREBRORETINAL MICROANGIOPATHY WITH CALCIFICATIONS AND CYSTS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CRB1 Rebecca Foulger gene: CRB1 was added
gene: CRB1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CRB1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CRB1 were set to RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA-12, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE
Fetal anomalies v0.1 COL2A1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes RHEGMATOGENOUS RETINAL DETACHMENT AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT for gene: COL2A1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CKAP2L Rebecca Foulger gene: CKAP2L was added
gene: CKAP2L was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CKAP2L was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CKAP2L were set to FILIPPI SYNDROME. SYNDACTYLY, TYPE I, WITH MICROCEPHALY AND MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CD151 Rebecca Foulger gene: CD151 was added
gene: CD151 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: CD151 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CD151 were set to NEPHROPATHY WITH PRETIBIAL EPIDERMOLYSIS BULLOSA AND DEAFNESS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CC2D1A Rebecca Foulger gene: CC2D1A was added
gene: CC2D1A was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CC2D1A was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CC2D1A were set to MENTAL RETARDATION AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE TYPE 3
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CASK Rebecca Foulger gene: CASK was added
gene: CASK was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CASK was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Phenotypes for gene: CASK were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED CASK-RELATED
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CAMTA1 Rebecca Foulger gene: CAMTA1 was added
gene: CAMTA1 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: CAMTA1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: CAMTA1 were set to CEREBELLAR ATAXIA, NONPROGRESSIVE, WITH MENTAL RETARDATION
Fetal anomalies v0.1 CA8 Rebecca Foulger gene: CA8 was added
gene: CA8 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: CA8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: CA8 were set to CEREBELLAR ATAXIA MENTAL RETARDATION AND DYSEQUILIBRIUM SYNDROME TYPE 3
Fetal anomalies v0.1 BRWD3 Rebecca Foulger gene: BRWD3 was added
gene: BRWD3 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: BRWD3 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: BRWD3 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 93
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ATRX Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes ALPHA-THALASSEMIA MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME X-LINKED NON-DELETION TYPE for gene: ATRX
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ATRX Rebecca Foulger gene: ATRX was added
gene: ATRX was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: ATRX was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: ATRX were set to MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROMIC X-LINKED WITH HYPOTONIC FACIES SYNDROME TYPE 1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ARX Rebecca Foulger gene: ARX was added
gene: ARX was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: ARX was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: ARX were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED ARX-RELATED
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ARL6 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes RETINITIS PIGMENTOSA TYPE 55 for gene: ARL6
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ARID1B Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT 12 for gene: ARID1B
Fetal anomalies v0.1 AP1S2 Rebecca Foulger gene: AP1S2 was added
gene: AP1S2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: AP1S2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: AP1S2 were set to MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 59
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ALDH18A1 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION-JOINT HYPERMOBILITY-SKIN LAXITY WITH OR WITHOUT METABOLIC ABNORMALITIES for gene: ALDH18A1
Fetal anomalies v0.1 AK2 Rebecca Foulger gene: AK2 was added
gene: AK2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: AK2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: AK2 were set to RETICULAR DYSGENESIS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 AFF2 Rebecca Foulger gene: AFF2 was added
gene: AFF2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: AFF2 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: AFF2 were set to FRAGILE X-E MENTAL RETARDATION SYNDROME
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ADNP Rebecca Foulger gene: ADNP was added
gene: ADNP was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: Expert Review Green,PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype
Mode of inheritance for gene: ADNP was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Phenotypes for gene: ADNP were set to MENTAL RETARDATION, AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT, 28
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ACSL4 Rebecca Foulger Added phenotypes MENTAL RETARDATION X-LINKED TYPE 63 for gene: ACSL4
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ACSL4 Rebecca Foulger gene: ACSL4 was added
gene: ACSL4 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: ACSL4 was set to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes for gene: ACSL4 were set to ALPORT SYNDROME WITH MENTAL RETARDATION MIDFACE HYPOPLASIA AND ELLIPTOCYTOSIS
Fetal anomalies v0.1 ACO2 Rebecca Foulger gene: ACO2 was added
gene: ACO2 was added to Fetal anomalies. Sources: PAGE DD-Gene2Phenotype,Expert Review Amber
Mode of inheritance for gene: ACO2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes for gene: ACO2 were set to INFANTILE CEREBELLAR-RETINAL DEGENERATION