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Cholestasis v3.24 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska commented on gene: VPS50: Comment on list classification: There are now 3 unrelated individuals reported with biallelic VPS50 variants and a concordant phenotype including cholestasis, ID / DD, CC hypoplasia on MRI, seizures, and failure to thrive. Hence, this gene can be promoted to Green at the next update.
Cholestasis v3.24 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder. Mother was unaffected.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. Microcephaly was progressive (OFC at birth = 34.5 cm, Z score +0.29; OFC at 12 months = 42cm, Z score = -3.25). Brain MRI at 6mo and 17mo showed CC hypoplasia without other anomalies.
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).; to: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder. Mother was unaffected.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. Microcephaly was progressive (OFC at birth = 34.5 cm, Z score +0.29; OFC at 12 months = 42cm, Z score = -3.25). Her height was 77cm at 18 months (-1.69 Z). Brain MRI at 6mo and 17mo showed CC hypoplasia without other anomalies.
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).
Cholestasis v3.24 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska Deleted their comment
Cholestasis v3.24 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder. Mother was unaffected.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birth = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29). Brain MRI at 6mo and 17mo showed CC hypoplasia without other anomalies.
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).; to: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder. Mother was unaffected.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. Microcephaly was progressive (OFC at birth = 34.5 cm, Z score +0.29; OFC at 12 months = 42cm, Z score = -3.25). Brain MRI at 6mo and 17mo showed CC hypoplasia without other anomalies.
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).
Cholestasis v3.24 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska Added comment: Comment on phenotypes: Phenotype updated 22nd Apr 2026.
Cholestasis v3.24 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska Phenotypes for gene: VPS50 were changed from Neonatal cholestatic liver disease; Failure to thrive; Profound global developmental delay; Postnatal microcephaly; Seizures; Abnormality of the corpus callosum to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685; neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, MONDO:0859216
Cholestasis v3.23 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska Classified gene: VPS50 as Amber List (moderate evidence)
Cholestasis v3.23 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska Added comment: Comment on list classification: There are now 3 unrelated individuals reported with biallelic VPS50 variants and a concordant phenotype including cholestasis, ID / DD, CC hypoplasia on MRI, seizures, and failure to thrive. Hence, this gene can be promoted to Green at the next update.
Cholestasis v3.23 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska Gene: vps50 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Cholestasis v3.22 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska Tag watchlist was removed from gene: VPS50.
Tag Q2_26_promote_green tag was added to gene: VPS50.
Cholestasis v3.22 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder. Mother was unaffected.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birth = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).; to: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder. Mother was unaffected.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birth = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29). Brain MRI at 6mo and 17mo showed CC hypoplasia without other anomalies.
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).
Cholestasis v3.22 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder. Mother was unaffected.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).; to: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder. Mother was unaffected.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birth = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).
Cholestasis v3.22 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).; to: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder. Mother was unaffected.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).
Cholestasis v3.22 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv;
93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).; to: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv; 93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).
Cholestasis v3.22 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv;
93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The deletion also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).; to: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv;
93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The structural variant also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).
Cholestasis v3.22 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska Publications for gene: VPS50 were set to 34037727
Cholestasis v3.21 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv;
93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The deletion also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).; to: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv;
93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The deletion also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability of the EARP complex.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).
Cholestasis v3.21 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska changed review comment from: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv;
93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The deletion also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive.
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).; to: 3rd case:
PMID: 38876772 Hecher et al., 2024
18-month-old female patient, Vietnamese/German, with biallelic VPS50 variants: a paternally inherited heterozygous nonsense c.13A>T; p.(Lys5*) variant, and a ~428 kb complex structural variation with VPS50 deletion chr7:g. (88798914_88969132del; 88969133_93232032inv;
93232033_93659940del), maternally inherited. The deletion also affects the following genes: CALCR, GNGT1, HEPACAM2, ZNF804B - none of these are currently OMIM morbid for a mendelian disorder.
Patient had severe ID / developmental delay, hypotonia, severe sensorineural hearing impairment, intermittent nystagmus, seizures (onset at 12 months), neonatal low GGT cholestasis, failure to thrive. No microcephaly (OFC at birht = 34.5 cm (Z score +0.29)
Interestingly, VPS50 mRNA in fibroblasts of the patient was similar to control levels, but VPS50 protein was absent - hinting at instability.

VPS50 is associated with AR Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685 (OMIM accessed 22nd Apr 2026).
Cholestasis v3.21 VPS50 Ida Ertmanska reviewed gene: VPS50: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: None; Publications: 38876772; Phenotypes: Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, OMIM:619685, neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, seizures, and neonatal cholestasis, MONDO:0859216; Mode of inheritance: BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Cholestasis v1.88 VPS50 Ivone Leong Entity copied from Intellectual disability v3.1322
Cholestasis v1.88 VPS50 Ivone Leong gene: VPS50 was added
gene: VPS50 was added to Cholestasis. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Literature
watchlist tags were added to gene: VPS50.
Mode of inheritance for gene: VPS50 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications for gene: VPS50 were set to 34037727
Phenotypes for gene: VPS50 were set to Neonatal cholestatic liver disease; Failure to thrive; Profound global developmental delay; Postnatal microcephaly; Seizures; Abnormality of the corpus callosum
Penetrance for gene: VPS50 were set to Complete