Description
This panel is a component of super panel 'Cystic renal disease'; it is not directly used for analysis in the NHS Genomic Medicine Service outside that context. Changes made to this panel will automatically be updated in the relevant super panel(s).

A version of this panel has been signed off under NHS Genomic Medicine Service governance (see 'Latest signed off version' in the panel header information).

This panel will continue to be curated based on external reviews and Genomics England curation. New changes will be reflected in an increase to the minor version of the panel and details of these can be viewed in the 'Panel Activity' page. Periodically, these changes will be reviewed by a NHS Genomic Medicine Service evaluation process.  The content that is agreed for the GMS panels will be reflected in an updated signed off version number.

CNVs, STRs and genes encoded by the mitochondrial genome may not be routinely included in the analysis where the panel is NOT delivered by WGS. Please contact your Genomic Laboratory Hub for information regarding specific queries.

This panel was originally developed for the 100,000 Genomes Project and is still being used for participants in the project. For the rare disease eligibility criteria refer to: https://www.genomicsengland.co.uk/rarediseasecriteria100K

18 reviewers

  • Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other

  • John Sayer (Newcastle University)

    Group: GeCIP domain
    Workplace: NHS clinical service

  • Daniel Gale (UCL)

    Group: GeCIP domain
    Workplace: Research lab

  • Miranda Durkie (Genetics)

    Group: GeCIP domain
    Workplace: NHS diagnostic lab

  • Ian Berry (Leeds Genetics Laboratory)

    Group: Other NHS organisation
    Workplace: NHS diagnostic lab

  • Ellen Thomas (Genomics England Curator)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other

  • Sarah Leigh (Genomics England Curator)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other

  • Rebecca Foulger (Genomics England curator)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other

  • Louise Daugherty (Genomics England Curator)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other

  • Eleanor Williams (Genomics England Curator)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other

  • Zornitza Stark (Australian Genomics)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other clinical service

  • Anna de Burca (Genomics England Curator)

    Group: NHS Genomic Medicine Centre
    Workplace: NHS clinical service

  • Natalie Forrester (SWGLH - Bristol Genetics)

    Group: NHS Genomic Medicine Centre
    Workplace: NHS diagnostic lab

  • Dmitrijs Rots (Children's Clinical University Hospital)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Research lab

  • Arina Puzriakova (Genomics England Curator)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other

  • Nour Elkhateeb (Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust)

    Group: NHS Genomic Medicine Centre
    Workplace: NHS clinical service

  • Yu Leng Phua (Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai and ClinGen)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other diagnostic lab

  • Achchuthan Shanmugasundram (Genomics England Curator)

    Group: Other
    Workplace: Other

75 Entities

75 reviewed, 34 green

List Entity Reviews Mode of inheritance Details
75 Entitiess
Green Green List (high evidence)
ALG5
2 reviews
2 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert Review Green
  • Literature
  • NHS GMS
Phenotypes
  • Polycystic kidney disease 7, OMIM:620056
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
ALG8
4 reviews
2 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert Review
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • cystic liver disease
  • cystic kidney disease
  • Polycystic liver disease 3 with or without kidney cysts, 617874
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
ALG9
4 reviews
2 green
BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert Review
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • cystic liver disease
  • cystic kidney disease
  • Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome, 263210
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
ANKS6
3 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
  • Nephronophthisis 16, OMIM:615382
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
CEP164
2 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
CEP83
2 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert list
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • NEPHRONOPHTHISIS 18
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
COL4A1
2 reviews
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Expert Review
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Exophytic renal cysts
  • raised creatinine kinase
  • tortuous retinal vessels
  • intracranial anuerysms
  • haematuria
  • Angiopathy, hereditary, with nephropathy, aneurysms, and muscle cramps 611773
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
DNAJB11
3 reviews
2 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Expert Review Green
  • Other
Phenotypes
  • cystic kidney disease
  • end stage renal failure
  • non-enlarged kidney
  • Polycystic kidney disease
  • Tubulointerstitial kidney disease
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
DZIP1L
4 reviews
2 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert Review
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Polycystic kidney disease 5, OMIM:617610
  • polycystic kidney disease 5, MONDO_0033281
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
FLCN
2 reviews
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Expert Review
  • Expert Review Green
  • Literature
Phenotypes
  • Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, OMIM:135150
  • renal cysts
  • cutaneous fibrofolliculoma
  • pneumothorax
  • pulmonary cysts
  • renal cell carcinoma
  • renal oncocytoma
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
GANAB
3 reviews
2 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Expert Review
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Mild cystic kidney and liver disease
  • Polycyctic kidney disease 3
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
GLA
5 reviews
2 green
X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
  • NHS GMS
Phenotypes
  • Fabry disease, OMIM:301500
  • Fabry disease, MONDO:0010526
  • Renal cyst, HP:0000107
  • renal parapelvic cysts
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
HNF1B
2 reviews
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert Review Green
  • Literature
  • UKGTN
Phenotypes
  • Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
IFT140
6 reviews
5 green
BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert Review Green
  • Literature
  • NHS GMS
  • Research
Phenotypes
  • Short-rib thoracic dysplasia 9 with or without polydactyly, OMIM:266920
  • short-rib thoracic dysplasia 9 with or without polydactyly, MONDO:0009964
  • cystic kidney disease, MONDO:0002473
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
INVS
2 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
2q13 recurrent region (includes NPHP1) Loss
ISCA-37405-Loss
Region
1 review
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • ClinGen
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • juvenile nephronophthisis 1: including growth retardation. Joubert syndrome: multisystem disease characterized by cerebellar vermis hypoplasia with prominent superior cerebellar peduncles (resulting in the 'molar tooth sign,' or MTS, on axial MRI), mental retardation, hypotonia, irregular breathing pattern, and eye movement abnormalities
  • 266900
  • 609583
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
17q12 recurrent (RCAD syndrome) region (includes HNF1B) Loss
ISCA-37432-Loss
Region
1 review
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • ClinGen
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • RCAD syndrome
  • utero-vaginal atresia
  • Schizophrenia
  • 614527
  • delayed development, intellectual disability
  • Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Mayer-Rokitansky-Kster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome in females
  • Chromosome 17q12 deletion syndrome
  • global developmental delay
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
MAPKBP1
2 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert list
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • NEPHRONOPHTHISIS 20
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
NPHP1
3 reviews
2 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
NPHP3
2 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
NPHP4
2 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
PAX2
3 reviews
3 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert Review Green
  • NHS GMS
Phenotypes
  • Papillorenal syndrome, OMIM:120330
  • renal coloboma syndrome, MONDO:0007352
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
PKD1
3 reviews
1 green
BOTH monoallelic and biallelic (but BIALLELIC mutations cause a more SEVERE disease form), autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Eligibility statement prior genetic testing
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
  • Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
  • UKGTN
Phenotypes
  • Polycystic kidney disease, adult type I, 173900
  • Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD)
  • Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD)
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
PKD2
1 review
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Eligibility statement prior genetic testing
  • Emory Genetics Laboratory
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
  • Illumina TruGenome Clinical Sequencing Services
  • Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
  • UKGTN
Phenotypes
  • Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Dominant
  • Polycystic kidney disease 2, 613095
  • Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
PKHD1
1 review
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Eligibility statement prior genetic testing
  • Emory Genetics Laboratory
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
  • Illumina TruGenome Clinical Sequencing Services
  • Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
  • UKGTN
Phenotypes
  • Autosomal Recessive Polycystic Kidney Disease
  • Polycystic Kidney Disease, Autosomal Recessive
  • Polycystic kidney and hepatic disease, 263200
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
TMEM67
2 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
TSC1
3 reviews
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
TSC2
2 reviews
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
TTC21B
3 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
  • watchlist_moi
Green Green List (high evidence)
TULP3
2 reviews
2 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert list
  • Expert Review Green
  • NHS GMS
Phenotypes
  • Hepatorenocardiac degenerative fibrosis, OMIM:619902
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
UMOD
1 review
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Emory Genetics Laboratory
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
  • Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
  • UKGTN
Phenotypes
  • Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease 2
  • Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile 1, 162000
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
VHL
2 reviews
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
WDR19
3 reviews
1 green
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
  • Nephronophthisis 13, Senior-Loken
Tags
Green Green List (high evidence)
XPNPEP3
3 reviews
2 green 1 red
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Green
  • NHS GMS
Phenotypes
  • Nephronophthisis-like nephropathy 1 OMIM:613159
  • nephronophthisis-like nephropathy 1 MONDO:0013163
Tags
Amber Amber List (moderate evidence)
CEP290
4 reviews
2 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Amber
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Amber Amber List (moderate evidence)
COL4A4
2 reviews
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert Review Amber
  • Other
Phenotypes
  • Cystic kidney disease, MONDO:0002473
Tags
Amber Amber List (moderate evidence)
NEK8
4 reviews
3 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Amber
Phenotypes
  • polycystic kidney disease, MONDO:0020642
  • ?Nephronophthisis 9, OMIM:613824
Tags
  • Q4_23_promote_green
Amber Amber List (moderate evidence)
PRKCSH
4 reviews
3 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Amber
Phenotypes
  • Polycystic liver disease 1 with or without kidney cysts, OMIM:174050
Tags
  • Q3_23_NHS_review
  • Q3_23_promote_green
Amber Amber List (moderate evidence)
SEC61A1
2 reviews
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert list
  • Expert Review
  • Expert Review Amber
Phenotypes
  • glomerulocystic kidney disease
  • interstitial nephritis
  • chronic kidney disease
  • cystic kidney disease
  • Hyperuricemic nephropathy, familial juvenile, 4, 617056
Tags
Amber Amber List (moderate evidence)
SEC63
4 reviews
3 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Amber
Phenotypes
  • Polycystic liver disease 2 with or without kidney cysts, OMIM:617004
Tags
  • Q3_23_NHS_review
  • Q3_23_promote_green
Amber Amber List (moderate evidence)
ZNF423
3 reviews
BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Amber
Phenotypes
  • Joubert syndrome 19, OMIM:614844
  • Nephronophthisis 14, OMIM:614844
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
AHI1
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
ARL13B
2 reviews
1 red
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
ARL6
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
BBS1
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
BBS10
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
BBS12
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
BBS2
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
BBS4
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
BBS5
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
BBS9
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
C5orf42
3 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
  • new-gene-name
Red Red List (low evidence)
CC2D2A
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
CCDC28B
2 reviews
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
CEP41
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
COL4A5
2 reviews
1 green
X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Sources
  • Expert Review Red
  • Other
Phenotypes
  • cystic kidney disease MONDO:0002473
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
GLIS2
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
INPP5E
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
IQCB1
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
KIF7
1 review
1 red
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
MKS1
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
MUC1
2 reviews
1 green
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
  • Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
Phenotypes
  • Medullary cystic kidney disease 1, 174000
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
OFD1
3 reviews
1 green
X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
RPGRIP1L
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
SDCCAG8
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
TCTN1
2 reviews
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
TCTN3
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
TMEM138
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
TMEM216
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
TMEM231
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
TMEM237
2 reviews
1 green
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
TRIM32
1 review
1 red
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
TTC8
1 review
1 red
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
Red Red List (low evidence)
WDPCP
1 review
Not set
Sources
  • Expert
  • Expert Review Red
Phenotypes
  • Ciliopathy genes associated with cystic kidney disease
Tags
No list No list
CLCN5
1 review
1 green
X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Sources
  • Literature
Phenotypes
  • cystic kdiney disease
  • cortical cysts
  • medullary cysts
  • nephrocalcinosis
  • low molecular weight proteinuria
  • hypercalciuria
Tags

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