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| COVID-19 research v0.347 | DEFA1 | Alison Coffey commented on gene: DEFA1: Evidence Summary from Illumina curation team: DEFA1, or HNP1, is a member of the defensin family of host defense peptides, a group of microbicidal and cytotoxic peptides made by neutrophils. Defensins are known to have a role in innate immunity as a core host-protective component against bacterial, viral and fungal infections (Xu and Wuyaun, 2020). Defensins have direct antiviral activity in cell culture, with varied mechanisms for individual viruses. Defensins also have a potent immunomodulatory activity that can alter innate and adaptive immune responses to viral infection and are able to target multiple steps of host-virus interactions to reduce infectivity of both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses. Targets include viral envelopes, glycoproteins, and capsids or host cells. DEFA1 is well-recognized for its direct anti-HIV activity, it also restrains HIV-1 uptake by inhibiting Env-mediated viral fusion and downregulating host cell surface expression of CD4 and coreceptor CXCR4. Post-entry inhibition of enveloped viruses such as HIV-1 and influenza by DEFA1 is mediated through interfering with cell signaling pathways such as PKC that are required for viral replication (Xu and Wuyaun, 2020). An unpublished study by Kit and Kit (2020), demonstrated in silico that the affinity of human alpha-defensins 1, 2, 3 and 5 to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is higher than that of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein towards ACE2. The authors suggest that these alpha-defensins may serve as primary factors in protecting lung tissue from COVID-19 viral infection. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| COVID-19 research v0.36 | CXCR4 |
Ellen McDonagh Mode of inheritance for gene CXCR4 was changed from Unknown to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Mode of pathogenicity for gene CXCR4 was changed from to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Added phenotypes Myelokathexis, isolated; Warts hypogammaglobulinemia infections and myelokathexis (WHIM); WHIM syndrome, 193670; WHIM syndrome; Warts (HPV) infection, neutropenia, low B cell number, hypogammaglobulinemia; Defects in Intrinsic and Innate Immunity for gene: CXCR4 Publications for gene CXCR4 were updated from to 12692554; 15536153 |
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| COVID-19 research v0.27 | CXCR4 |
Ellen McDonagh gene: CXCR4 was added gene: CXCR4 was added to Viral susceptibility. Sources: Melbourne Genomics Health Alliance Immunology Flagship,Victorian Clinical Genetics Services,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: CXCR4 was set to Unknown |
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