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| Severe microcephaly v4.21 | FILIP1 |
Achchuthan Shanmugasundram gene: FILIP1 was added gene: FILIP1 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: FILIP1 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: FILIP1 were set to 36943452; 37163662 Phenotypes for gene: FILIP1 were set to microcephaly, MONDO:0001149 Review for gene: FILIP1 was set to AMBER Added comment: PMID:36943452 reported five individuals from three unrelated families with three different biallelic variants in FILIP1 gene (including the variant reported in the patient from PMID:36344539) and presenting with an overlapping phenotype with congenital contractures affecting shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee and foot as well as scoliosis, reduced palmar and plantar skin folds, microcephaly and facial dysmorphism. Of these five patients, two unrelated patients had severe microcephaly (head circumference beyond 3 SD below the mean for age) and one patient from the family with three patients also had microcephaly (head circumference beyond 2 SD below the mean for age). PMID:37163662 reported five individuals from four unrelated families with four different biallelic variants in FILIP1 gene. The main symptoms in childhood included delayed motor milestones (all four families), delayed speech development (three families), intellectual disability (three families), contractures (2 families), clubfeet (2 families) and microcephaly (2 families). One of these cases only had borderline microcephaly (3rd percentile) and the other had OFC below 3rd percentile. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v3.7 | ISCA-37408-Loss | Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for Region: ISCA-37408-Loss were changed from PMID: 16963482 idiopathic intellectual disability including moderate to severe intellectual disability, autism/autistic features, microcephaly, structural brain anomalies including cortical dysplasia/pachygyria, renal anomalies (multicystic kidney, hydronephrosis), digital camptodactyly, visual impairment, strabismus, neuromotor deficits, communication and attention impairments, and a distinctive pattern of craniofacial features. Dysmorphic craniofacial features include progressive microcephaly, flat occiput, widened inner canthal distance, small palpebral fissures, ptosis, long and straight eyelashes, broad and high nasal root extending to a widened, prominent nasal tip with elongated, smooth philtrum, rounding of the upper vermillion border and everted lower lips. PMID: 18245392 A 32-year-old, mentally retarded male was referred to our centre for further clinical genetic analysis. He was born to non-consanguineous parents after 42 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 3500 g. He had a healthy older brother. In the neonatal period he was hypotonic and at 8 weeks of age he underwent surgery because of an inguinal hernia with removal of an atrophic right testis. His motor development was severely delayed with sitting at 3.5 years and walking at 5 years of age. Speech was poorly developed, characterised by the usage of only a few words. During infancy an optic nerve hypoplasia was diagnosed, and during childhood he frequently suffered from luxations of the patellae, which required surgery. At the age of 32 years his height is 163 cm (_3 SDS) and head circumference 52.5 cm (_2.5 SDS). He has a narrow receding forehead, widened inner canthal distance of 3.5 cm (90th centile), normal outer canthal distance of 8.5 cm (25th centile), telecanthus, short and down slanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, ptosis, long, straight eyelashes, high nasal bridge, low set large ears, flat philtrum, small mouth with high, narrow palate and retrognathia. The thorax is broad with increased internipple distance and slight gynaecomastia. A recent renal ultrasound revealed multiple cysts in the left, dystrophic kidney and two uncomplicated cysts in the enlarged, right kidney. The patient has a normally sized phallus with absent right testis and small left testis. His hands show a simian crease right and tapering fingers with broad proximal interphalangeal joints. He shows sandal gaps on both flat feet with clinodactyly of the fourth and fifth toes (and more); 612513; PMID: 22579565 severe developmental delay, congenital microcephaly, intractable epilepsy, and renal anomalies, as well as a congenital choledochal cyst which has not been previously reported in other patients with this cytogenetic defect to Dysmorphic features, moderate to severe intellectual disability, microcephaly and renal anomalies | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.286 | TUBGCP2 | Eleanor Williams Phenotypes for gene: TUBGCP2 were changed from Pachygyria, microcephaly, developmental delay, and dysmorphic facies, with or without seizures, 618737 to Pachygyria, microcephaly, developmental delay, and dysmorphic facies, with or without seizures, OMIM:618737 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.268 | EIF5A | Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: EIF5A were changed from Intellectual disability; microcephaly; dysmorphism to Faundes-Banka syndrome, OMIM:619376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.257 | ZNF668 |
Ivone Leong gene: ZNF668 was added gene: ZNF668 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Expert Review Amber,Literature watchlist tags were added to gene: ZNF668. Mode of inheritance for gene: ZNF668 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ZNF668 were set to 34313816; 26633546 Phenotypes for gene: ZNF668 were set to DNA damage repair defect; microcephaly; growth deficiency; severe global developmental delay; brain malformation; facial dysmorphism |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.249 | TNPO2 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: TNPO2 was added gene: TNPO2 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature Q3_21_rating tags were added to gene: TNPO2. Mode of inheritance for gene: TNPO2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: TNPO2 were set to 34314705 Phenotypes for gene: TNPO2 were set to Intellectual disability; Dysmorphic features; Microcephaly; Seizures; Hypotonia Review for gene: TNPO2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Goodman et al., 2021 (PMID: 34314705) reported on 15 unrelated individuals with different variants in this gene (14 de novo, 1 mosaic in mother; 12 SNVs, 3 in-frame deletions, 1 deletion-insertion). All had GDD and all those who were assessed also had ID (9/9), ranging from mild to severe. ID also suspected but not investigated in another 3 cases. 6 had seizures starting between 1 and 2.5 years of age. 5 individuals had microcephaly (HC ranging -2.77 to -4.53 SD). Other less common features were also observed such as variable brain, gastrointestinal and ophthalmologic abnormalities. Notably 6 individuals had additional SNVs/CNVs of uncertain significance, some of which include known ID genes (e.g. SETBP1, CUX2, ARMC9, PDE4D), but were discounted due to lack of explanation of the overall patient phenotype. Some functional studies conducted in Drosophila demonstrated that patient-associated variants caused neurodevelopmental defects that were dosage and location (of variant within protein) dependent. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.220 | NAA20 |
Sarah Leigh changed review comment from: Not associated with a phenotype in OMIM nor Gen2Phen. Two missense variants reported as homozygotes in one family each. In silico predictions and in vitro functional studies provide evidence that these variants will adversely affect their capacity to form a NatB complex with NAA25, and in vitro acetylation assays revealed reduced catalytic activities toward different NatB substrates (PMID 34230638). Children from these two families had developmental delay, intellectual disability (mild to moderate family 1, severe family 2). The two children in family 1 in this study had a head circumcernces of -2.3 & -1.9 SD (which is not regarded as severe microcephaly). The three children from family 2 this study had a head circumcernces of -3.5, -3.0 & -3.5 SD (which is regarded as severe microcephaly). Subtle dysmorphic features were also reported. Sources: Literature; to: Not associated with a phenotype in OMIM nor Gen2Phen. Two missense variants reported as homozygotes in one family each. In silico predictions and in vitro functional studies provide evidence that these variants will adversely affect their capacity to form a NatB complex with NAA25, and in vitro acetylation assays revealed reduced catalytic activities toward different NatB substrates (PMID 34230638). Children from these two families had developmental delay, intellectual disability (mild to moderate family 1, severe family 2). The two children in family 1 in this study had a head circumcernces of -2.3 & -1.9 SD (which is not regarded as severe microcephaly). The three children from family 2 in this study had a head circumcernces of -3.5, -3.0 & -3.5 SD (which is regarded as severe microcephaly). Subtle dysmorphic features were also reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.218 | NAA20 |
Sarah Leigh gene: NAA20 was added gene: NAA20 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: NAA20 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NAA20 were set to 34230638 Phenotypes for gene: NAA20 were set to autosomal recessive developmental delay, intellectual disability, and microcephaly Review for gene: NAA20 was set to AMBER Added comment: Not associated with a phenotype in OMIM nor Gen2Phen. Two missense variants reported as homozygotes in one family each. In silico predictions and in vitro functional studies provide evidence that these variants will adversely affect their capacity to form a NatB complex with NAA25, and in vitro acetylation assays revealed reduced catalytic activities toward different NatB substrates (PMID 34230638). Children from these two families had developmental delay, intellectual disability (mild to moderate family 1, severe family 2). The two children in family 1 in this study had a head circumcernces of -2.3 & -1.9 SD (which is not regarded as severe microcephaly). The three children from family 2 this study had a head circumcernces of -3.5, -3.0 & -3.5 SD (which is regarded as severe microcephaly). Subtle dysmorphic features were also reported. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.194 | MCM7 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: MCM7 was added gene: MCM7 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM7 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MCM7 were set to 33654309; 34059554 Phenotypes for gene: MCM7 were set to Meier-Gorlin syndrome; Microcephaly; Intellectual disability Review for gene: MCM7 was set to AMBER Added comment: MCM7 is a component of the MCM complex, a DNA helicase which is essential for DNA replication. Other components have been linked to disease with phenotypes including microcephaly and ID. Currently, MCM7 is not associated with any phenotype in OMIM or G2P. - PMID: 33654309 (2021) - Two unrelated individuals with different compound het variants in MCM7 but disparate clinical features. One patient had typical Meier-Gorlin syndrome (including growth retardation, microcephaly, congenital lung emphysema, absent breast development, microtia, facial dysmorphism) whereas the second case had a multi-system disorder with neonatal progeroid appearance, lipodystrophy and adrenal insufficiency. While small at birth, the second patient did not demonstrate reduced stature or microcephaly at age 14.5 years. Both individuals had normal neurodevelopment. Functional studies using patient-derived fibroblasts demonstrate that the identified MCM7 variants were deleterious at either transcript or protein levels and through interfering with MCM complex formation, impact efficiency of S phase progression. - PMID: 34059554 (2021) - Homozygous missense variant identified in three affected individuals from a consanguineous family with severe primary microcephaly, severe ID and behavioural abnormalities. Knockdown of Mcm7 in mouse neuroblastoma cells lead to reduced cell viability and proliferation with increased apoptosis, which were rescued by overexpression of wild-type but not mutant MCM7. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.146 | CTU2 |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on list classification: New gene added by Zornitza Stark (Australian Genomics). This gene is associated with a relevant phenotype in OMIM and Gene2Phenotype. PMID:26633546. Affected members of all 3 families have microcephaly, facial dysmorphia and unilateral renal agenesis. 2/3 families have ambiguous genitalia; however, only 1 family had karyotyping done, which showed normal male karyotype (46 XY). 2/3 had congenital heart disease. PMID: 27480277. Same variant as PMID:26633546. Affected individuals in this extended family have similar phenotype as PMID:26633546. Patient 1: in addition to microcephaly also has renal anomalies (small kidneys) and possible ambiguous genitalia with normal XY karyotype. Patient 2: cousin of patient 1. In addition to microcephaly did not have renal anomalies and nor ambiguous genitalia. Both patients have congenital heart disease. PMID: 31301155. 5 new cases, all with microcephaly. 4/5 with renal anomalies, 2/5 with ambiguous genitalia, 4/5 congenital heart disease. There is enough evidence to support a gene-disease association. This gene should be rated Green at the next review. |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.138 | CTU2 | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: CTU2 were changed from Microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, renal agenesis, and ambiguous genitalia syndrome (MIM#618142) to Microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, renal agenesis, and ambiguous genitalia syndrome, OMIM:618142 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.120 | BPTF | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: BPTF were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies, MIM# 617755 to Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies, OMIM:617755 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.109 | EIF5A |
Arina Puzriakova gene: EIF5A was added gene: EIF5A was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature Q2_21_rating tags were added to gene: EIF5A. Mode of inheritance for gene: EIF5A was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: EIF5A were set to 33547280 Phenotypes for gene: EIF5A were set to Intellectual disability; microcephaly; dysmorphism Review for gene: EIF5A was set to GREEN Added comment: EIF5A is currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM (last edited on 18/07/2019), but is listed in Gene2Phenotype with a 'probable' disease confidence rating for 'EIF5A-related craniofacial-neurodevelopmental disorder' - PMID: 33547280 (2021) reports 7 unrelated individuals with different de novo heterozygous variants in the EIF5A gene. Microcephaly was evident at birth in 3/5 individuals, and assessments in later life indicated microcephaly in 5/7 cases (HC ranging between -1.94 and -7.47 SD). Other features include DD/ID and craniofacial dysmorphism, including micrognathia. Supportive functional data included. Overall sufficient (>3) unrelated cases of microcephaly in patients with EIF5A variants, for inclusion on this panel. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.103 | PPP1R35 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: PPP1R35 was added gene: PPP1R35 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Other watchlist tags were added to gene: PPP1R35. Mode of inheritance for gene: PPP1R35 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Phenotypes for gene: PPP1R35 were set to Primary microcephaly Added comment: Conference poster (Genomics of Rare Disease 2021) - 'Biallelic frameshift indel in PPP1R35 as a cause of primary microcephaly' by Dawood et al, Baylor College of Medicine - Proband from a Turkish consanguineous family with primary microcephaly (-4.3 SD at birth, -6.1 SD by 42 months) and GDD. Brain imaging showed thinning of corpus collosum, mild cerebellar volume loss, increased extra-axial CSF spaces, pachygyria, dysmorphic ventricular system and delayed myelination of the internal capsule. Exome sequencing revealed a biallelic frameshifting indel in the PPP1R35 gene (c.753_*3delGGAAGCGTAGACCinsCG; p.Trp251Cysfs*22), resulting in deletion of the canonical stop codon in the last exon. Sequencing of unaffected parents and 2 unaffected sibs confirmed segregation with the phenotype. Droplet digital PCR demonstrated expression of mutant mRNA, with comparable gene expression levels observed for mutant and wild-type alleles in fibroblasts. Authors note a second Iranian consanguineous family in literature with two sibs with microcephaly and the same, p.Trp251Cysfs*22 variant - however, this paper could not be found in PubMed. Sources: Other |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.94 | MSMO1 | Arina Puzriakova Phenotypes for gene: MSMO1 were changed from Microcephaly, congenital cataract, and psoriasiform dermatitis, 616834 to Microcephaly, congenital cataract, and psoriasiform dermatitis, OMIM:616834; Microcephaly-congenital cataract-psoriasiform dermatitis syndrome, MONDO:0014793 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.72 | SMO | Eleanor Williams Phenotypes for gene: SMO were changed from Microcephaly, congenital heart disease, polydactyly, aganglionosis to Microcephaly HP:0000252; postaxial polydactyly MONDO:0020927; congenital heart disease MONDO:0005453; Hirschsprung disease MONDO:0018309 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.71 | SMO | Eleanor Williams Classified gene: SMO as Red List (low evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.71 | SMO | Eleanor Williams Added comment: Comment on list classification: Comment on list classification: Promoting from grey to red. Although the expert reviewer recommends green, there is only one case in PMID: 32413283 where the patient is reported as having microcephaly. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.71 | SMO | Eleanor Williams Gene: smo has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.70 | SMO | Eleanor Williams commented on gene: SMO | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v2.55 | SMG8 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: SMG8 was added gene: SMG8 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature for-review tags were added to gene: SMG8. Mode of inheritance for gene: SMG8 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SMG8 were set to 31130284; 33242396 Phenotypes for gene: SMG8 were set to Intellectual disability; Microcephaly; Short stature; Facial dysmorphism Review for gene: SMG8 was set to GREEN Added comment: Currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM or G2P. ----- - PMID: 31130284 (2019) - Two individuals with distinct homozygous variants in this gene identified as part of a large candidate gene discovery study. Phenotype in one patient included microcephaly, ID, cataract, and neck hyperpigmentation; while the other presented short stature, microcephaly, fine motor delay, ventricular septal defect, failure to thrive, and facial dysmorphism. - PMID: 33242396 (2020) - 9 affected individuals from 4 consanguineous families with different biallelic variants in the SMG8 gene. Clinical features include GDD/ID (8/8), dysmorphic features (9/9) microcephaly (6/9), short stature (4/9), brain imaging anomalies (4/5), congenital heart disease (3/9) and cataract (3/8). Some supportive functional data also provided. Microcephaly was recorded in 3/4 families, ranging in severity from -2.5 SD to -4.1 SD. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.52 | NARS |
Arina Puzriakova gene: NARS was added gene: NARS was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature new-gene-name, for-review tags were added to gene: NARS. Mode of inheritance for gene: NARS was set to BOTH monoallelic and biallelic, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: NARS were set to 32738225; 32788587 Phenotypes for gene: NARS were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, and gait abnormalities, autosomal recessive, OMIM:619091; Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, impaired language, epilepsy, and gait abnormalities, autosomal dominant, OMIM:619092 Review for gene: NARS was set to GREEN Added comment: Associated with relevant phenotype in OMIM, and in Gene2Phenotype with 'confirmed' disease confidence for 'NARS1 Neurodevelopmental Disorder (monoallelic)' and 'probable' for 'NARS1 Neurodevelopmental Disorder (biallelic)' Total of 24 patients from 13 unrelated families with biallelic variants in the NARS1 gene (PMIDs: 32738225 and 32788587) and 8 unrelated patients with de novo heterozygous variants (PMIDs: 32738225). Microcephaly was observed in the majority of cases (90%), with severity relevant to this panel (≥ 3 SD). These cases predominantly presented with primary microcephaly; however, secondary microcephaly was also noted. Other features include GDD/ID, seizures, ataxia, and dysmorphism. Supportive functional data. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.50 | MORC2 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: MORC2 was added gene: MORC2 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature for-review tags were added to gene: MORC2. Mode of inheritance for gene: MORC2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: MORC2 were set to 32693025 Phenotypes for gene: MORC2 were set to Developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Growth retardation; Microcephaly; Craniofacial dysmorphism; Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, axonal, type 2Z, OMIM:616688 Review for gene: MORC2 was set to GREEN Added comment: MORC2 variants have commonly been associated with CMT, presenting axonal neuropathy with progressive weakness, muscle cramps and sensory impairment. However, Sacoto et al (2020) (PMID: 32693025) present a cohort of 20 individuals (19 kindreds) with a neurodevelopmental disorder characterised by DD, ID (18/20 - mild to severe), short stature (18/20), microcephaly (15/20) and variable craniofacial dysmorphisms. Severity of microcephaly relevant to this panel (≥ 3 SD) was observed in 7 subjects. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.21 | RAD50 |
Zornitza Stark gene: RAD50 was added gene: RAD50 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RAD50 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: RAD50 were set to 19409520; 32212377 Phenotypes for gene: RAD50 were set to Nijmegen breakage syndrome-like disorder, MIM# 613078 Review for gene: RAD50 was set to GREEN gene: RAD50 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Two individuals reported with bi-allelic variants in this gene showing dysmorphic facial features similar to NBS, short stature, microcephaly, and mild/moderate intellectual disability. Fibroblasts established from one of the individuals showed chromosomal instability and abnormal radioresistant DNA synthesis. The MRE11/RAD50/NBN (MRN) complex is involved in signaling processes inducing the repair of DNA double-strand breaks. Variants in NBN and MRE11 are associated with Nijmegen breakage syndrome (NBS) and ataxia telangiectasia (AT)‐like disorder, respectively, so this gene is a strong biological candidate for this phenotype. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.20 | CTU2 |
Zornitza Stark gene: CTU2 was added gene: CTU2 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: CTU2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: CTU2 were set to 26633546 Phenotypes for gene: CTU2 were set to Microcephaly, facial dysmorphism, renal agenesis, and ambiguous genitalia syndrome (MIM#618142) Review for gene: CTU2 was set to GREEN gene: CTU2 was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Dysmorphic facies, renal agenesis, ambiguous genitalia, microcephaly, polydactyly and lissencephaly (DREAM-PL) as proposed by authors. PMID: 26633546 - 3 consanguineous families all with the same splice variant (NM_001012762.1:c.873G>A). Assumed to be founder variant - all had microcephaly but measurements were not provided PMID: 27480277 - 2 additional patients from an extended consanguineous family with the same variant as above - Patient 1: head circumference of -3.5SD at birth, not growing - Patient 2: head circumference of -4.3 SD PMID: 31301155 - 5 new patients with microcephaly (no measurements provided) - 3x PTVs and 1x missense Sources: Expert list |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.20 | BPTF |
Zornitza Stark gene: BPTF was added gene: BPTF was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: BPTF was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted Publications for gene: BPTF were set to 28942966 Phenotypes for gene: BPTF were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder with dysmorphic facies and distal limb anomalies, MIM# 617755 Review for gene: BPTF was set to GREEN gene: BPTF was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Microcephaly observed in 7/9 individuals reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.20 | TP53RK |
Zornitza Stark gene: TP53RK was added gene: TP53RK was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Expert Review Mode of inheritance for gene: TP53RK was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TP53RK were set to 28805828; 30053862 Phenotypes for gene: TP53RK were set to Galloway-Mowat syndrome 4, MIM# 617730 Review for gene: TP53RK was set to GREEN gene: TP53RK was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: At least 4 unrelated families reported with renal-neurologic disease characterised by early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities, and delayed psychomotor development. Most individuals have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Sources: Expert Review |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.20 | SMO |
Zornitza Stark gene: SMO was added gene: SMO was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: SMO was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: SMO were set to 32413283 Phenotypes for gene: SMO were set to Microcephaly, congenital heart disease, polydactyly, aganglionosis Review for gene: SMO was set to GREEN gene: SMO was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Bi-allelic loss-of-function variations in SMO reported in seven individuals from five independent families. Wide phenotypic spectrum of developmental anomalies affecting the brain (hypothalamic hamartoma and microcephaly), heart (atrioventricular septal defect), skeleton (postaxial polydactyly, narrow chest, and shortening of long bones), and enteric nervous system (aganglionosis). Sources: Expert list |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.20 | PTPN23 |
Zornitza Stark gene: PTPN23 was added gene: PTPN23 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: PTPN23 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: PTPN23 were set to 31395947; 29899372; 29090338; 27848944; 25558065 Phenotypes for gene: PTPN23 were set to Neurodevelopmental disorder and structural brain anomalies with or without seizures and spasticity, MIM# 618890 Review for gene: PTPN23 was set to GREEN Added comment: Over 10 families reported with an autosomal recessive neurologic disorder characterised by global developmental delay apparent from early infancy, poor overall growth often with microcephaly (6/10), impaired intellectual development with delayed or absent speech, axial hypotonia, and peripheral spasticity. Additional common but variable features include early-onset seizures, optic atrophy with poor visual fixation, and dysmorphic facial features. Brain imaging shows cerebral atrophy, poor or absent myelination with loss of white matter volume, and often hypoplasia of the corpus callosum and/or cerebellum. Sources: Expert list |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.19 | OSGEP |
Zornitza Stark gene: OSGEP was added gene: OSGEP was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Expert list Mode of inheritance for gene: OSGEP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: OSGEP were set to 28805828; 28272532 Phenotypes for gene: OSGEP were set to Galloway-Mowat syndrome 3, MIM# 617729 Review for gene: OSGEP was set to GREEN gene: OSGEP was marked as current diagnostic Added comment: Early-onset nephrotic syndrome associated with microcephaly, gyral abnormalities of the brain, and delayed psychomotor development. Most individuals have dysmorphic facial features, often including hypertelorism, ear abnormalities, and micrognathia. Other features, such as arachnodactyly and visual impairment, are more variable. Over 25 families reported. Sources: Expert list |
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| Severe microcephaly v2.18 | TUBGCP2 |
Arina Puzriakova gene: TUBGCP2 was added gene: TUBGCP2 was added to Severe microcephaly. Sources: Literature for-review tags were added to gene: TUBGCP2. Mode of inheritance for gene: TUBGCP2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TUBGCP2 were set to 31630790 Phenotypes for gene: TUBGCP2 were set to Pachygyria, microcephaly, developmental delay, and dysmorphic facies, with or without seizures, 618737 Review for gene: TUBGCP2 was set to GREEN Added comment: Associated with phenotype in OMIM, and a probable gene for Microcephaly and Lissencephaly Spectrum Disorders in G2P. PMID: 31630790 (2019) - Five patients from four families with biallelic variants in the TUBGCP2 gene. Affected individuals shared phenotypic features that included progressive severe microcephaly (4/4, Z score: -4.0 to -9.0), developmental delay (5/5, mild-severe), seizures (4/5). All patients exhibited lissencephaly-spectrum phenotypes with varying degrees of cortical malformations on brain imaging including pachygyria and subcortical band heterotopia. All variants segregated with disease in each family. Analysis of fibroblasts derived from one patient with a splice site variant revealed several abnormal transcripts, predicted to result in LoF. No further functional studies of other variants or patient cells were performed. Sources: Literature |
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| Severe microcephaly v1.62 | MSMO1 | Louise Daugherty reviewed gene: MSMO1: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v1.61 | MSMO1 | Louise Daugherty Source NHS GMS was added to MSMO1. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly v1.37 | ISCA-37425-Gain |
Louise Daugherty Region: ISCA-37425-Gain was added Region: ISCA-37425-Gain was added to Primary Microcephaly - Microcephalic Dwarfism Spectrum. Sources: ClinGen,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for Region: ISCA-37425-Gain was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for Region: ISCA-37425-Gain were set to 23913520; 23599694 Phenotypes for Region: ISCA-37425-Gain were set to Microcephaly, short stature and developmental delay; short stature, microcephaly, learning disability or mild to moderate ID, and distinctive facial features comprising periorbital fullness, short palpebral fissures, a long nose with broad or long nasal tip, a smooth philtrum and a thin upper lip vermilion. Behavioral problems, ocular and minor hand anomalies may be associated. |
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| Severe microcephaly v1.37 | ISCA-37390-Loss |
Louise Daugherty Region: ISCA-37390-Loss was added Region: ISCA-37390-Loss was added to Primary Microcephaly - Microcephalic Dwarfism Spectrum. Sources: ClinGen,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for Region: ISCA-37390-Loss was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for Region: ISCA-37390-Loss were set to 11238681; 15635506 Phenotypes for Region: ISCA-37390-Loss were set to 123450; PMID 15635506: characteristic cry, speech delay, facial dysmorphology, and level of mental retardation. PMID 11238681: interstitial deletions and one with a small terminal deletion confirmed the existence of two critical regions, one for dysmorphism and mental retardation in p15.2 and the other for the cat cry in p15.3. Results from one patient permitted the cat cry region to be distally narrowed from D5S13 to D5S731, study supports hypothesis of a separate region in p15.3 for the speech delay |
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| Severe microcephaly v1.37 | ISCA-37408-Loss |
Louise Daugherty Region: ISCA-37408-Loss was added Region: ISCA-37408-Loss was added to Primary Microcephaly - Microcephalic Dwarfism Spectrum. Sources: ClinGen,Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for Region: ISCA-37408-Loss was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for Region: ISCA-37408-Loss were set to 16963482; 22579565; 18245392 Phenotypes for Region: ISCA-37408-Loss were set to PMID: 16963482 idiopathic intellectual disability including moderate to severe intellectual disability, autism/autistic features, microcephaly, structural brain anomalies including cortical dysplasia/pachygyria, renal anomalies (multicystic kidney, hydronephrosis), digital camptodactyly, visual impairment, strabismus, neuromotor deficits, communication and attention impairments, and a distinctive pattern of craniofacial features. Dysmorphic craniofacial features include progressive microcephaly, flat occiput, widened inner canthal distance, small palpebral fissures, ptosis, long and straight eyelashes, broad and high nasal root extending to a widened, prominent nasal tip with elongated, smooth philtrum, rounding of the upper vermillion border and everted lower lips. PMID: 18245392 A 32-year-old, mentally retarded male was referred to our centre for further clinical genetic analysis. He was born to non-consanguineous parents after 42 weeks gestation with a birth weight of 3500 g. He had a healthy older brother. In the neonatal period he was hypotonic and at 8 weeks of age he underwent surgery because of an inguinal hernia with removal of an atrophic right testis. His motor development was severely delayed with sitting at 3.5 years and walking at 5 years of age. Speech was poorly developed, characterised by the usage of only a few words. During infancy an optic nerve hypoplasia was diagnosed, and during childhood he frequently suffered from luxations of the patellae, which required surgery. At the age of 32 years his height is 163 cm (_3 SDS) and head circumference 52.5 cm (_2.5 SDS). He has a narrow receding forehead, widened inner canthal distance of 3.5 cm (90th centile), normal outer canthal distance of 8.5 cm (25th centile), telecanthus, short and down slanting palpebral fissures, epicanthal folds, ptosis, long, straight eyelashes, high nasal bridge, low set large ears, flat philtrum, small mouth with high, narrow palate and retrognathia. The thorax is broad with increased internipple distance and slight gynaecomastia. A recent renal ultrasound revealed multiple cysts in the left, dystrophic kidney and two uncomplicated cysts in the enlarged, right kidney. The patient has a normally sized phallus with absent right testis and small left testis. His hands show a simian crease right and tapering fingers with broad proximal interphalangeal joints. He shows sandal gaps on both flat feet with clinodactyly of the fourth and fifth toes (and more); 612513; PMID: 22579565 severe developmental delay, congenital microcephaly, intractable epilepsy, and renal anomalies, as well as a congenital choledochal cyst which has not been previously reported in other patients with this cytogenetic defect |
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| Severe microcephaly | MSMO1 | Sarah Leigh classified MSMO1 as green | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly | MSMO1 | Sarah Leigh commented on MSMO1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly | MSMO1 | Rebecca Foulger classified MSMO1 as red | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Severe microcephaly | MSMO1 | Rebecca Foulger commented on MSMO1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||