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| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v1.191 | HRAS | Rebecca Foulger Source Wessex and West Midlands GLH was added to HRAS. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v1.190 | HRAS | Rebecca Foulger Source NHS GMS was added to HRAS. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v1.189 | HRAS | Rebecca Foulger reviewed gene: HRAS: Rating: AMBER; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: ; Phenotypes: ; Mode of inheritance: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v1.188 | HRAS | Tracy Lester reviewed gene: HRAS: Rating: GREEN; Mode of pathogenicity: ; Publications: 16170316; Phenotypes: Congenital myopathy with excess of muscle spindles, 218040, Costello syndrome, 218040, Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome, somatic mosaic, 163200; Mode of inheritance: MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.1284 | RALA |
Konstantinos Varvagiannis gene: RALA was added gene: RALA was added to Genetic epilepsy syndromes. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: RALA was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Phenotypes for gene: RALA were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Abnormality of nervous system morphology Penetrance for gene: RALA were set to unknown Mode of pathogenicity for gene: RALA was set to Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments Review for gene: RALA was set to GREEN Added comment: Hiatt et al. (doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1007671) report on 11 individuals (incl. a pair of monozygotic twins) from 10 unrelated families, most (10/11) with de novo mutations in RALA. DD/ID was a prominent feature (the authors note that ID was specifically noted in 8 but could not be excluded in 3 further individuals who appear to be very young in the table). Structural brain anomalies (9/11), seizures (6/11) and common facial features were also noted. RALA belongs to the RAS superfamily of small GTPases. 5 different de novo missense variants and 1 in-frame deletion, all within a GTP/GDP binding region of RALA (although appart in the protein primary structure) were observed. 7 occurrences of missense variants concerned Val25 and Lys128 (V25M, V25L, K128R), one Asp130 (D130G) and a further one Ser157 (S157A). The in-frame deletion concerned Ala158. Missense variants in corresponding positions of RAS proteins (HRAS/KRAS/NRAS) have been reported in RASopathies, while the authors observed some phenotypic overlap with the latter group of disorders (DD/ID, growth delay, macrocephaly, high forehead and position of ears). Functional studies demonstrated reduction in GTPase activity (for all variants) and altered RALA effector binding (for most reduction - in the case of S157A, increase). Several lines of evidence are provided to show that alteration of the GTP/GTP-binding rather than a dosage effect is considered the likely mechanism. RALA is depleted in missense mutations in its GTP/GDP binding domain. For these reasons and others (segregation studies not possible, variant observed 2x in Bravo database, phenotypic differences compared to the rest of the cohort, ROH suggesting parental consanguinity in the specific individual) the single nonsense variant (R176X) reported in the study is considered a VUS. Seizures were a feature in most (6/11) individuals (5 different variants incl. R176X). Discordance for this feature was however noted for individuals with the same variant. As a result, this gene can be considered for inclusion in this panel as green (or amber). Sources: Literature |
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| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.885 | HRAS | Ivone Leong Marked gene: HRAS as ready | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.885 | HRAS | Ivone Leong Gene: hras has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.885 | HRAS | Ivone Leong Publications for gene: HRAS were set to | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.884 | HRAS | Ivone Leong Classified gene: HRAS as Green List (high evidence) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.884 | HRAS |
Ivone Leong Added comment: Comment on list classification: Promoted from amber to green. There are 3+ cases reporting of patients with Costello syndrome who have seizures (PMID: 28337834, 27195699, 26888048, 22926243) and all patients have HRAS heterozygous variants. It is also confirmed as being associated with Costello syndrome on OMIM and Gene2Phenotype. |
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| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.884 | HRAS | Ivone Leong Gene: hras has been classified as Green List (High Evidence). | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.882 | HRAS | Ivone Leong Mode of inheritance for gene: HRAS was changed from to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.881 | HRAS | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: HRAS were changed from Costello syndrome, 218040 to Costello syndrome, 218040; Schimmelpenning-Feuerstein-Mims syndrome, 218040 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy v0.880 | HRAS | Ivone Leong Phenotypes for gene: HRAS were changed from to Costello syndrome, 218040 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy | HRAS | Zornitza Stark reviewed gene: HRAS | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Early onset or syndromic epilepsy | HRAS | Sarah Leigh Added gene to panel | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||