DDG2P
Gene: KARS Green List (high evidence)Green List (high evidence)
The DDG2P confidence category for the disease KARS1-related leukoencephalopathy with or without deafness, OMIM:619147 is strong. The allelic requirement, mutation consequence and cross cutting modifier are biallelic_autosomal, absent gene product and potential IF respectively (PMIDs: 20920668).
The DDG2P confidence category for the disease DEAFNESS, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 89, OMIM:613916 is limited. The allelic requirement, mutation consequence and cross cutting modifier are biallelic_autosomal, altered gene product structure and potential IF respectively (PMIDs: 23768514).Created: 4 Oct 2023, 5:08 p.m. | Last Modified: 6 Oct 2023, 5:30 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.32
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
DEAFNESS, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 89, OMIM:613916; KARS1-related leukoencephalopathy with or without deafness, OMIM:619147
Publications
Added new-gene-name tag, new approved HGNC gene symbol for KARS is KARS1Created: 6 Sep 2019, 12:08 p.m. | Last Modified: 6 Sep 2019, 12:08 p.m.
Panel Version: 1.80
I don't know
September 2019: G2P confidence terminology was updated: DD-G2P rating is now 'both RD and IF' for CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, RECESSIVE INTERMEDIATE, B; DEAFNESS, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 89.Created: 8 Oct 2019, 3:24 p.m. | Last Modified: 8 Oct 2019, 3:24 p.m.
Panel Version: 1.131
Changed rating from Amber to Green: agreed by the Genomics England clinical team that the DDG2P Disease confidence of 'both DD and IF' should be represented by a Green rating in PanelApp.Created: 12 Jul 2019, 9:15 p.m. | Last Modified: 12 Jul 2019, 9:15 p.m.
Panel Version: 1.76
Changed rating to Amber to reflect DDG2P Disease confidence of 'DD and IF' for CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, RECESSIVE INTERMEDIATE, B; DEAFNESS, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 89.Created: 29 Jan 2019, 12:14 p.m.
Original DDG2P rating: both DD and IF (for all listed disorders). Multiple MOPs in DD-G2P download: all missense/in frame, loss of function.Created: 19 Nov 2018, 11:30 a.m.
Phenotypes for gene: KARS were changed from DEAFNESS, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 89 613916; CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, RECESSIVE INTERMEDIATE, B 613641 to DEAFNESS, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 89, OMIM:613916; KARS1-related leukoencephalopathy with or without deafness, OMIM:619147
Publications for gene: KARS were updated from 23768514 to 20920668; 23768514
Tag new-gene-name tag was added to gene: KARS.
Source Expert Review Green was added to KARS. Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Green List (high evidence)
Rebecca Foulger: Original DDG2P rating: both DD
Source Expert Review Amber was added to KARS. Rating Changed from Green List (high evidence) to Amber List (moderate evidence)
Added phenotypes DEAFNESS, AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE 89 613916 for gene: KARS Publications for gene KARS were changed from 20920668 to 23768514
gene: KARS was added gene: KARS was added to DDG2P. Sources: Expert Review Green,DD-Gene2Phenotype Mode of inheritance for gene: KARS was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: KARS were set to 20920668 Phenotypes for gene: KARS were set to CHARCOT-MARIE-TOOTH DISEASE, RECESSIVE INTERMEDIATE, B 613641
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at [email protected]
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.