- AARS2 3
- AASS 3
- ABAT 5
- ABCA1 1
- ABCB11 1
- ABCB4 1
- ABCB7 5
- ABCD1 2
- ABCD4 1
- ABCG5 1
- ABCG8 1
- ABHD12 1
- ABHD5 1
- ACACA 2
- ACAD8 1
- ACAD9 4
- ACADM 3
- ACADS 1
- ACADSB 1
- ACADVL 3
- ACAT1 1
- ACO2 5
- ACOX1 0
- ACOX2 2
- ACSF3 3
- ACY1 1
- ADA 3
- ADAR 1
- ADSL 1
- AFG3L2 4
- AGA 1
- AGK 3
- AGL 1
- AGPS 0
- AGXT 0
- AHCY 2
- AIFM1 2
- AKR1D1 1
- ALAD 1
- ALAS2 1
- ALDH18A1 2
- ALDH3A2 1
- ALDH4A1 1
- ALDH5A1 1
- ALDH6A1 1
- ALDH7A1 2
- ALDOA 1
- ALDOB 0
- ALG1 0
- ALG11 0
- ALG12 0
- ALG14 1
- ALG3 0
- ALG6 0
- ALG8 0
- ALG9 0
- ALPL 1
- AMACR 0
- AMN 1
- AMT 1
- ANO10 3
- APOA1 1
- APOA5 2
- APOB 2
- APOC2 1
- APOE 1
- APOPT1 3
- APRT 1
- APTX 3
- ARG1 0
- ARSA 1
- ARSB 0
- ARSE 1
- ARSG 3
- ARSK 2
- ASAH1 1
- ASL 0
- ASPA 1
- ASS1 0
- ATAD3A 5
- ATIC 2
- ATP13A2 1
- ATP5A1 6
- ATP5D 1
- ATP5E 4
- ATP5G3 5
- ATP5O 4
- ATP6AP1 0
- ATP6V0A2 0
- ATP7A 3
- ATP7B 1
- ATP8B1 1
- ATPAF2 2
- AUH 0
- B3GALNT2 0
- B3GALT6 0
- B3GAT3 0
- B3GLCT 1
- B4GALNT1 2
- B4GALT1 0
- B4GALT7 0
- BAAT 1
- BCAT2 3
- BCKDHA 0
- BCKDHB 0
- BCKDK 1
- BCS1L 2
- BOLA3 3
- BTD 2
- C12orf65 3
- C19orf12 7
- C19orf70 2
- C1QBP 2
- C2orf69 4
- CA5A 2
- CARS2 4
- CAT 0
- CBS 2
- CCDC115 1
- CHCHD10 3
- CHKB 6
- CHST14 0
- CHST3 0
- CHST6 0
- CHSY1 0
- CISD2 1
- CLDN16 1
- CLDN19 1
- CLN3 1
- CLN5 1
- CLN6 1
- CLN8 1
- CLPB 5
- CLPP 2
- CMPK2 3
- CNNM2 1
- COA6 3
- COA7 1
- COG1 0
- COG4 0
- COG5 0
- COG6 0
- COG7 0
- COG8 0
- COQ2 3
- COQ4 2
- COQ6 2
- COQ7 3
- COQ8A 4
- COQ8B 3
- COQ9 2
- COX10 2
- COX11 4
- COX14 3
- COX15 2
- COX18 4
- COX20 3
- COX4I1 3
- COX5A 3
- COX6A1 2
- COX6A2 4
- COX6B1 1
- COX7B 2
- CP 1
- CPOX 4
- CPS1 0
- CPT1A 1
- CPT2 4
- CREB3L3 4
- CRLS1 2
- CSGALNACT1 3
- CTH 1
- CTNS 1
- CTSA 1
- CTSC 1
- CTSD 1
- CTSF 1
- CTSK 1
- CUBN 1
- CYC1 2
- CYCS 5
- CYP27A1 1
- CYP7B1 1
- D2HGDH 1
- DARS 7
- DARS2 3
- DBH 2
- DBT 0
- DCXR 2
- DDC 2
- DDOST 2
- DGUOK 2
- DHCR24 1
- DHCR7 2
- DHFR 0
- DHODH 1
- DHRSX 7
- DHTKD1 7
- DLAT 3
- DLD 3
- DNA2 3
- DNAJC12 1
- DNAJC19 3
- DNAJC5 1
- DNM1L 3
- DNM2 3
- DOLK 0
- DPAGT1 0
- DPM1 0
- DPM2 2
- DPM3 2
- DPYD 2
- DPYS 1
- DYM 2
- EARS2 2
- EBP 1
- ECHS1 3
- EDEM3 1
- EHBP1L1 2
- ELAC2 2
- ENO3 2
- EOGT 2
- EPG5 1
- EPM2A 1
- ETFA 2
- ETFB 2
- ETFDH 3
- ETHE1 2
- EXT1 1
- EXT2 0
- FA2H 1
- FAH 1
- FARS2 3
- FASTKD2 2
- FBP1 0
- FBXL4 4
- FDX2 6
- FDXR 2
- FECH 3
- FGFR2 1
- FH 2
- FKRP 0
- FKTN 0
- FLAD1 3
- FMO3 1
- FOLR1 0
- FOXRED1 1
- FTCD 2
- FUCA1 1
- FUK 3
- FUT8 1
- FXN 7
- G6PC 2
- G6PC3 1
- GAA 2
- GABRG2 1
- GALC 1
- GALE 1
- GALK1 1
- GALM 2
- GALNS 0
- GALNT2 3
- GALNT3 0
- GALT 1
- GAMT 2
- GARS 3
- GATM 3
- GBA 1
- GBE1 1
- GCDH 1
- GCH1 1
- GCLC 1
- GCSH 4
- GDAP1 4
- GFER 2
- GFM1 2
- GFM2 3
- GFPT1 0
- GIF 2
- GK 1
- GLA 0
- GLB1 0
- GLDC 1
- GLRA1 1
- GLRX5 3
- GLS 4
- GLUD1 5
- GLUL 1
- GLYCTK 1
- GM2A 1
- GMPPA 2
- GMPPB 0
- GNE 2
- GNMT 1
- GNPAT 0
- GNPTAB 0
- GNPTG 0
- GNS 0
- GORAB 2
- GPD1 1
- GPHN 1
- GPIHBP1 1
- GRHPR 0
- GRN 3
- GSS 1
- GSTZ1 2
- GTPBP3 3
- GUK1 3
- GUSB 0
- GYG1 2
- GYS1 2
- GYS2 0
- HAAO 1
- HADH 1
- HADHA 2
- HADHB 2
- HAMP 1
- HARS2 5
- HCCS 2
- HCFC1 1
- HEXA 1
- HEXB 1
- HFE 1
- HFE2 2
- HGD 1
- HGSNAT 0
- HIBCH 3
- HLCS 2
- HMBS 4
- HMGCL 4
- HMGCS2 1
- HOGA1 0
- HPD 1
- HPDL 3
- HPRT1 1
- HPS1 1
- HS2ST1 2
- HSD11B2 1
- HSD17B10 2
- HSD17B4 0
- HSD3B7 2
- HSPA9 5
- HSPD1 2
- HTRA2 1
- HYAL1 2
- IARS2 3
- IBA57 2
- IDH1 3
- IDH2 2
- IDH3A 3
- IDS 0
- IDUA 0
- IER3IP1 6
- ISCA1 1
- ISCA2 5
- ISCU 4
- ISPD 1
- ITPA 1
- IVD 0
- KARS 5
- KIAA0391 3
- KYNU 2
- L2HGDH 1
- LAMP2 2
- LARGE1 2
- LARS 3
- LARS2 2
- LBR 1
- LCAT 1
- LCT 1
- LDHA 1
- LDLR 1
- LDLRAP1 1
- LETM1 4
- LFNG 3
- LIAS 3
- LIG3 4
- LIPA 1
- LIPT1 3
- LIPT2 4
- LMBRD1 1
- LMF1 1
- LONP1 2
- LPIN1 2
- LPL 1
- LRPPRC 3
- LYRM4 4
- LYRM7 3
- MAGT1 1
- MAN1B1 0
- MAN2B1 1
- MAN2B2 3
- MANBA 1
- MAOA 1
- MARS2 2
- MAT1A 2
- MCCC1 1
- MCCC2 1
- MCEE 0
- MCOLN1 0
- MDH2 1
- MECR 2
- MFF 2
- MFN2 3
- MFSD8 1
- MGAT2 0
- MGME1 3
- MICU1 2
- MIPEP 1
- MLYCD 0
- MMAA 0
- MMAB 0
- MMACHC 1
- MMADHC 1
- MOCS1 1
- MOCS2 1
- MOGS 1
- MPC1 3
- MPDU1 0
- MPI 0
- MPV17 2
- MRM2 2
- MRPL3 5
- MRPL39 3
- MRPL44 3
- MRPL49 2
- MRPS2 2
- MRPS22 2
- MRPS34 2
- MSMO1 1
- MSTO1 3
- MT-ATP6 3
- MT-ATP8 3
- MT-CO1 3
- MT-CO2 3
- MT-CO3 3
- MT-CYB 3
- MTFMT 4
- MTHFR 0
- MT-ND1 3
- MT-ND2 3
- MT-ND3 3
- MT-ND4 3
- MT-ND4L 3
- MT-ND5 3
- MT-ND6 3
- MTO1 2
- MTPAP 5
- MTR 1
- MT-RNR1 3
- MTRR 1
- MT-TA 3
- MT-TC 3
- MT-TD 3
- MT-TE 3
- MT-TF 3
- MT-TG 3
- MT-TH 3
- MT-TI 3
- MT-TK 3
- MT-TL1 3
- MT-TL2 3
- MT-TM 3
- MT-TN 3
- MTTP 1
- MT-TP 3
- MT-TQ 3
- MT-TR 3
- MT-TS1 3
- MT-TS2 3
- MT-TT 5
- MT-TV 3
- MT-TW 3
- MT-TY 3
- MUT 1
- MVK 1
- NADK2 3
- NAGA 1
- NAGLU 0
- NAGS 0
- NARS2 2
- NAXD 3
- NAXE 2
- NDUFA1 2
- NDUFA10 1
- NDUFA11 1
- NDUFA12 4
- NDUFA13 6
- NDUFA2 1
- NDUFA4 4
- NDUFA6 3
- NDUFA8 5
- NDUFA9 5
- NDUFAF1 1
- NDUFAF2 2
- NDUFAF3 1
- NDUFAF4 1
- NDUFAF5 2
- NDUFAF6 3
- NDUFAF8 1
- NDUFB10 4
- NDUFB11 2
- NDUFB3 2
- NDUFB7 4
- NDUFB8 2
- NDUFC2 2
- NDUFS1 1
- NDUFS2 1
- NDUFS3 1
- NDUFS4 1
- NDUFS6 1
- NDUFS7 1
- NDUFS8 1
- NDUFV1 1
- NDUFV2 2
- NEU1 0
- NFS1 6
- NFU1 3
- NGLY1 2
- NHLRC1 1
- NNT 2
- NPC1 1
- NPC2 1
- NSDHL 1
- NSUN3 3
- NT5C3A 1
- NT5E 2
- NUBPL 2
- NUS1 4
- OAT 0
- OCRL 2
- OGDH 5
- OPA1 4
- OPA3 2
- OTC 1
- OXCT1 1
- PAH 1
- PANK2 2
- PARS2 4
- PC 3
- PCBD1 1
- PCCA 0
- PCCB 0
- PCK1 2
- PCSK9 1
- PDE12 3
- PDHA1 3
- PDHB 3
- PDHX 3
- PDK3 6
- PDP1 3
- PDSS1 2
- PDSS2 2
- PEPD 1
- PET100 4
- PEX1 0
- PEX10 0
- PEX11B 0
- PEX12 0
- PEX13 0
- PEX14 1
- PEX16 0
- PEX19 0
- PEX2 0
- PEX26 0
- PEX3 0
- PEX5 1
- PEX6 2
- PEX7 0
- PFKM 2
- PGAM2 2
- PGAP2 0
- PGAP3 0
- PGK1 2
- PGM1 1
- PGM3 0
- PHGDH 1
- PHKA1 2
- PHKA2 0
- PHKB 1
- PHKG2 0
- PHYH 0
- PIGA 0
- PIGL 0
- PIGM 4
- PIGN 0
- PIGO 0
- PIGS 2
- PIGT 1
- PIGV 0
- PIGW 1
- PINK1 1
- PITRM1 5
- PLA2G6 1
- PMM2 0
- PMPCA 2
- PMPCB 1
- PNP 1
- PNPLA2 3
- PNPLA8 3
- PNPO 1
- PNPT1 2
- POLG 4
- POLG2 4
- POLRMT 4
- POMGNT1 0
- POMGNT2 0
- POMK 2
- POMT1 0
- POMT2 0
- POR 1
- PPA2 1
- PPOX 3
- PPT1 1
- PRKAG2 2
- PRODH 2
- PRPS1 1
- PSAP 0
- PSAT1 1
- PTCD3 2
- PTS 2
- PUS1 4
- PYCR1 3
- PYGL 0
- PYGM 1
- QARS 5
- QDPR 1
- QRSL1 3
- RARS2 3
- RBCK1 2
- RBP4 2
- RFT1 0
- RMND1 3
- RNASEH1 3
- RNASEH2A 4
- RNASEH2B 4
- RNASEH2C 4
- RPIA 2
- RPL10 1
- RRM2B 3
- RTN4IP1 2
- SACS 2
- SAMHD1 3
- SAR1B 2
- SARS2 2
- SC5D 2
- SCO1 2
- SCO2 2
- SCP2 0
- SDHA 4
- SDHAF1 2
- SDHB 3
- SDHD 3
- SEC23B 2
- SERAC1 3
- SETX 2
- SFXN4 3
- SGSH 0
- SHMT2 2
- SI 2
- SKIV2L 2
- SLC12A3 2
- SLC13A3 3
- SLC16A1 1
- SLC17A5 1
- SLC18A2 2
- SLC19A2 3
- SLC19A3 3
- SLC22A5 2
- SLC25A1 4
- SLC25A12 4
- SLC25A13 1
- SLC25A15 0
- SLC25A19 3
- SLC25A20 1
- SLC25A22 3
- SLC25A24 3
- SLC25A26 2
- SLC25A3 3
- SLC25A32 1
- SLC25A36 3
- SLC25A38 2
- SLC25A4 3
- SLC25A42 3
- SLC25A46 2
- SLC2A1 2
- SLC2A2 0
- SLC30A10 1
- SLC35A1 2
- SLC35A2 3
- SLC35C1 0
- SLC35D1 0
- SLC37A4 2
- SLC39A14 1
- SLC39A4 2
- SLC39A8 2
- SLC3A1 2
- SLC40A1 1
- SLC46A1 0
- SLC52A2 2
- SLC52A3 1
- SLC5A1 2
- SLC5A6 2
- SLC6A19 3
- SLC6A3 2
- SLC6A8 2
- SLC7A7 0
- SLC7A9 2
- SMPD1 1
- SPATA5 5
- SPG7 7
- SPR 2
- SPTLC1 3
- SPTLC2 2
- SQOR 3
- SRD5A3 0
- SSBP1 3
- SSR4 0
- ST3GAL3 2
- ST3GAL5 0
- STS 2
- STT3A 3
- SUCLA2 3
- SUCLG1 2
- SUMF1 1
- SUOX 1
- SUPV3L1 2
- SURF1 3
- TACO1 2
- TALDO1 1
- TAMM41 3
- TANGO2 5
- TARS2 3
- TAT 2
- TAZ 3
- TCN2 2
- TEFM 3
- TFAM 3
- TFR2 1
- TH 2
- TIMM50 2
- TIMM8A 2
- TIMMDC1 3
- TK2 3
- TMEM126B 4
- TMEM165 0
- TMEM199 2
- TMEM5 1
- TMEM70 1
- TOMM7 3
- TOP3A 2
- TPK1 3
- TPP1 1
- TRAP1 2
- TREX1 2
- TRIM37 0
- TRIT1 3
- TRMT10C 3
- TRMT5 4
- TRMU 3
- TRNT1 2
- TRPM6 1
- TRPM7 2
- TSFM 3
- TTC19 1
- TTC37 3
- TTPA 2
- TUFM 6
- TUSC3 0
- TWNK 5
- TYMP 3
- UGGT1 2
- UGT1A1 3
- UMOD 2
- UMPS 1
- UPB1 3
- UQCC2 5
- UQCRB 5
- UQCRC2 6
- UQCRFS1 3
- UROD 1
- UROS 2
- VARS2 2
- VIPAS39 2
- VKORC1 2
- VPS16 1
- VPS33A 1
- VPS33B 2
- WARS2 3
- WDR45 1
- WFS1 3
- XDH 1
- XPNPEP3 4
- XYLT1 1
- XYLT2 0
- YARS2 2
- ALG13 1
- ALG2 2
- ATP5B 4
- CD320 2
- CLCN7 1
- COA3 3
- COASY 1
- COG3 2
- COX4I2 3
- CSTB 1
- DCC 1
- DHDDS 1
- EHHADH 2
- ERAL1 1
- GATC 2
- LDHD 2
- LIPC 2
- MRPS14 1
- MRPS16 5
- MRPS7 2
- MT-RNR2 3
- NDUFB9 4
- OPLAH 2
- PAICS 1
- PET117 1
- PSPH 2
- RANBP2 2
- RNASET2 2
- RYR1 1
- SDHAF2 4
- SDHC 3
- SLC31A1 1
- SSR3 2
- STAT2 7
- TKFC 1
- TMEM65 1
- TRAPPC11 1
- UQCC3 3
- UQCRC1 2
- UQCRQ 2
- UROC1 2
- YME1L1 1
- ABCG2 1
- ACAT2 2
- ALDH1B1 2
- ALG10 2
- AMPD1 2
- AOX1 1
- ATAD3B 2
- ATP5C1 3
- ATP5G1 3
- ATP5G2 3
- ATP5I 3
- ATP5J 3
- ATXN7 2
- BCAT1 1
- BOLA1 1
- BOLA2 1
- C1GALT1C1 1
- CAD 0
- CAMLG 1
- CEP89 3
- CETP 1
- CLCN6 1
- CLPS 1
- CNDP1 1
- COA1 2
- COA5 4
- COG2 0
- COX5B 1
- COX6C 1
- COX7A1 1
- COX7A2 1
- COX7B2 1
- COX7C 1
- COX8A 3
- CYP7A1 1
- DHFR2 1
- DLST 3
- DMGDH 1
- DPEP1 1
- DTD1 0
- ECSIT 2
- EGF 1
- ERCC6L2 0
- FAR1 2
- FBP2 1
- FOLR2 1
- FOLR3 1
- FXYD2 1
- GALNT12 1
- GATB 2
- GGT1 2
- HAL 1
- HYKK 1
- IDH3B 2
- KCTD7 1
- KHK 1
- LACTB 1
- LIPI 1
- MRPL12 4
- MRPL40 2
- MRPS23 4
- MTHFD1 1
- NAT8L 1
- NDUFA3 2
- NDUFA5 1
- NDUFA7 1
- NDUFAB1 1
- NDUFB1 1
- NDUFB2 1
- NDUFB4 1
- NDUFB5 1
- NDUFB6 1
- NDUFC1 1
- NDUFS5 2
- NDUFV3 2
- NT5C 1
- NUP62 1
- OSTC 2
- OXA1L 2
- PCYT2 1
- PDK1 3
- PDK2 2
- PDK4 2
- PDP2 4
- PDPR 5
- PDXK 1
- PEX11A 1
- PHKG1 1
- PHYKPL 1
- PNLIP 1
- PNPLA4 1
- POP1 1
- PPM1B 1
- PPM1K 1
- PREPL 2
- PTCD1 1
- PTPRZ1 1
- ROBO3 4
- SARDH 1
- SCARB1 1
- SHPK 1
- SLC22A4 1
- SLC25A2 1
- SLC25A40 1
- SLC26A6 1
- SLC27A5 1
- SLC35A3 0
- SLC36A2 2
- SLC52A1 1
- SLC6A20 2
- SLCO1B1 1
- SLCO1B3 1
- SRRT 2
- STT3B 0
- SUCLG2 2
- SUGCT 1
- TCN1 2
- TDO2 1
- TIMM44 1
- TM6SF2 1
- TMEM126A 3
- TPMT 1
- TREH 1
- TXN2 4
- UQCRH 1
- USF1 1
- VPS13C 5
Likely inborn error of metabolism
Gene: ATPAF2 Green List (high evidence)EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh38): ENSG00000171953
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh37): ENSG00000171953
OMIM: 608918, Gene2Phenotype
ATPAF2 is in 10 panels
2 reviews
Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)
I don't know
Rated green and diagnostic-grade by expert reviewer, however only one case found in the literature (PMID: 14757859). On the Minimum recommended gene list for broad spectrum genetic testing for single-nucleotide variants associated with leukodystrophies and genetic leukoencephalopathies reported in PMID: 25655951.Created: 6 Oct 2016, 12:46 p.m.
This gene was submitted as "ATP12" in the expert list, and is most likely to correspond to this HGNC-approved symbol.Created: 1 Jul 2015, 10:37 a.m.
Panel version: Imported from Mitochondrial disorders panel version 1.12
Shamima Rahman (UCL Institute of Child Health)
Green List (high evidence)
aka ATP12
Only one patient reported to date:
consanguineous Moroccan parents, dysmorphic features, including a large mouth, prominent nasal bridge, micrognathia, rocker-bottom feet, and flexion contractures of the limbs associated with camptodactyly. She was hypertonic and had an enlarged liver and hypoplastic kidneys. Urinary, plasma, and CSF lactate levels were elevated, and she had increased urinary 3-methylglutaconic acid, a marker of inner mitochondrial membrane dysfunction. Cerebral MRI revealed marked cortical-subcortical atrophy, dysgenesis of the corpus callosum with absent anterior genu and rostrum, and hypoplasia of white matter. She had severe developmental delay with seizures and failure to thrive, and died at 14 months of age from intercurrent infectionCreated: 3 Feb 2016, 4:45 p.m.
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Panel version: Imported from Mitochondrial disorders panel version 0.16
Details
- Mode of Inheritance
- BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
- Sources
-
- London North GLH
- NHS GMS
- Expert Review Green
- Phenotypes
-
- Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 1, 604273
- Complex V (Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders (caused by nuclear variants only), OXPHOS assembly factors)
- Mitochondrial Diseases
- Isolated complex V deficiency
- Mitochondrial Complex V (ATP Synthase) Deficiency, Nuclear Type
- OMIM
- 608918
- Clinvar variants
- Variants in ATPAF2
- Penetrance
- None
- Publications
- Panels with this gene
-
- Likely inborn error of metabolism
- Undiagnosed metabolic disorders
- Paediatric or syndromic cardiomyopathy
- Mitochondrial disorders
- White matter disorders and cerebral calcification - narrow panel
- Childhood onset dystonia, chorea or related movement disorder
- Inherited white matter disorders
- Hyperammonaemia
- Possible mitochondrial disorder - nuclear genes
- Mitochondrial disorder with complex V deficiency
History Filter Activity
Added New Source, Added New Source
Ivone Leong (Genomics England Curator)Source NHS GMS was added to ATPAF2. Source London North GLH was added to ATPAF2.
Panel promoted to version 1.0
Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)Checked against super panel made up of the panel constituents. Ready to promote to version 1.
Set Phenotypes, Set publications
Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)Added phenotypes Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 1, 604273; Isolated complex V deficiency; Mitochondrial Diseases; Mitochondrial Complex V (ATP Synthase) Deficiency, Nuclear Type for gene: ATPAF2 Publications for gene ATPAF2 were changed from 27604308 to 14757859; 19933271
Created, Added New Source, Set mode of inheritance, Set publications, Set Phenotypes
Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)gene: ATPAF2 was added gene: ATPAF2 was added to Inborn errors of metabolism. Sources: Expert Review Green Mode of inheritance for gene: ATPAF2 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: ATPAF2 were set to 27604308 Phenotypes for gene: ATPAF2 were set to Mitochondrial complex V (ATP synthase) deficiency, nuclear type 1, 604273; Complex V (Mitochondrial respiratory chain disorders (caused by nuclear variants only), OXPHOS assembly factors); Mitochondrial Diseases; Isolated complex V deficiency; Mitochondrial Complex V (ATP Synthase) Deficiency, Nuclear Type