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Intellectual disability

Gene: MAST1

Green List (high evidence)
MAST1 (microtubule associated serine/threonine kinase 1)
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh38): ENSG00000105613
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh37): ENSG00000105613
OMIM: 612256, Gene2Phenotype
MAST1 is in 4 panels

2 reviews

Ivone Leong (Genomics England Curator)

Comment on list classification: New gene added by external expert and reviewed by curation team: Sufficient evidence has been provided by the external expert review for this gene to be rated green.
Created: 25 Feb 2019, 1:36 p.m.
Created: 25 Feb 2019, 1:36 p.m.

Panel version: 2.743

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

Green List (high evidence)

PMID: 30449657 reports on 6 unrelated individuals with de novo mutations in MAST1. All these 6 individuals were investigated for a strikingly similar phenotype of enlarged corpus callosum (CC), cerebellar hypoplasia, cortical malformation with associated DD/ID. Seizures were a feature in 2/6 (one further had EEG anomalies without clinical seizures).

Three of them harbored an in-frame deletion of 1 amino-acid (3 different indels reported - all in a specific domain) while 3 others had a missense variant (NM_014975.2:c.1549G>A or p.Gly517Ser).

Mast1 has embryonic expression in murine models with postnatal decrease. Similarly qPCR of human fetal brain cDNA demonstrated expression at 13 and 22 gestational weeks. A murine model for L278del recapitulated the brain (incl. CC) and cerebellar phenotype while Mast1 knockout mice do not present similar morphological defects. While Western blot in murine brain lysates demonstrated absence of Mast1 in knockout and reduction in the L278del, Mast1 transcript levels for L278del were similar to wildtype. Other Mast proteins (Mast1 & Mast2) were significantly reduced upon western blot while this was not reflected in their mRNA levels, suggesting a dominant-negative effect, at least for the L278del.

4 additional individuals with somewhat different phenotype consisting DD/ID and microcephaly/autism are described in the supplement. All 4 had de novo missense variants but did not display the CC-cerebral and cerebellar anomalies. Four different (additional to Gly517Ser) missense SNVs were observed.

Several additional individuals exist in the denovo-db (among others DDD participant DDD4K.02310 published in 28135719, 25666757 - McMichael et al. commented in the article, 27479843, etc.). [http://denovo-db.gs.washington.edu/denovo-db/QueryVariantServlet?searchBy=Gene&target=Mast1]

Epilepsy was a feature in 4/10 individuals (with an additional one with EEG anomalies without clinical seizures). One further individual from PMID:23934111 (in denovo-db) had seizures.

As the authors comment (and as evident from the 6+4 reported patients) the related neurodevelopmental phenotype may be more complex.

MAST1 is not related to any phenotype in G2P, nor in OMIM.

The gene is included in gene panels for ID offered by different diagnostic laboratories.

As a result, this gene can be considered for inclusion in this panel as green.
Sources: Literature
Created: 9 Dec 2018, 11:30 a.m.

Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown

Phenotypes
Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Abnormality of the corpus callosum, Cerebellar hypoplasia, Abnormality of the cerebral cortex, Seizures; Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Microcephaly, Autism, Seizures

Publications

Variants in this GENE are reported as part of current diagnostic practice

Created: 9 Dec 2018, 11:30 a.m.

Panel version: 2.579

Details

Mode of Inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Abnormality of the corpus callosum, Cerebellar hypoplasia, Abnormality of the cerebral cortex, Seizures
  • Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Microcephaly, Autism, Seizures
  • Mega-corpus-callosum syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and cortical malformations, 618273
OMIM
612256
Clinvar variants
Variants in MAST1
Penetrance
unknown
Publications
Panels with this gene

History Filter Activity

25 Feb 2019, Gel status: 3

Entity classified by Genomics England curator

Ivone Leong (Genomics England Curator)

Gene: mast1 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).

18 Feb 2019, Gel status: 0

Set Phenotypes

Ivone Leong (Genomics England Curator)

Phenotypes for gene: MAST1 were changed from Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Abnormality of the corpus callosum, Cerebellar hypoplasia, Abnormality of the cerebral cortex, Seizures; Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Microcephaly, Autism, Seizures to Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Abnormality of the corpus callosum, Cerebellar hypoplasia, Abnormality of the cerebral cortex, Seizures; Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Microcephaly, Autism, Seizures; Mega-corpus-callosum syndrome with cerebellar hypoplasia and cortical malformations, 618273

9 Dec 2018, Gel status: 0

Created, Added New Source, Set mode of inheritance, Set publications, Set Phenotypes, Set penetrance

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

gene: MAST1 was added gene: MAST1 was added to Intellectual disability. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MAST1 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: MAST1 were set to 30449657; 28135719; 25666757; 27479843 Phenotypes for gene: MAST1 were set to Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Abnormality of the corpus callosum, Cerebellar hypoplasia, Abnormality of the cerebral cortex, Seizures; Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Microcephaly, Autism, Seizures Penetrance for gene: MAST1 were set to unknown Review for gene: MAST1 was set to GREEN gene: MAST1 was marked as current diagnostic