Intellectual disability - microarray and sequencing
Gene: ALG9 Green List (high evidence)Comment on list classification: Changed rating from Green to Amber so that Green genes on this panel reflect the NHS signed-off version. This will be reviewed at the next GMS panel update (added 'for-review' tag).Created: 20 Oct 2020, 3:02 p.m. | Last Modified: 20 Oct 2020, 3:02 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.474
Comment on list classification: As highlighted by Zornitza Stark, since the last curation review, a number of papers have been published on the ALG9 phenotype, including PMID:26453364 and PMID:28932688 who review the literature and report additional cases. At least 6-7 (of 10/11) patients have developmental delay. Therefore sufficient cases to support causation and have updated rating from Red to Green.Created: 7 May 2020, 2:27 p.m. | Last Modified: 7 May 2020, 2:27 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.38
PMID:28932688. Davis et al., 2017 review the literature for ALG9:CDG cases. They summarise 10 patients from 6 different families with one of four ALG9 variants (including the 4 new patients reported by PMID:26453364). They also report an additional patient with ALG9-CDH with a milder phenotype. Prenatally, dysmorphic features, renal cysts and cardiac malformations were detected. She had seizures and developmental delay. She had a homozygous variant in ALG9: p.Tyr287Cys.Created: 7 May 2020, 2:21 p.m. | Last Modified: 7 May 2020, 2:21 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.36
PMID:26453364. AlSubhi et al., 2016 summarise 6 patients with ALG9-CDG from the literature and report 4 additional patients from a large consanguineous family. 6/10 patients had developmental disability including the index patient (IV:5), a 6 year old girl with global DD, skeletal dysplasia, epilepsy, facial dysmorphisms amongst her phenotypes. The three affected cousins had similar phenotypes.Created: 7 May 2020, 1:55 p.m. | Last Modified: 7 May 2020, 2:17 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.36
Green List (high evidence)
11 patients from 7 families reported reviewed in this publication. DD/ID is part of the phenotype.Created: 28 Jan 2020, 9:55 a.m. | Last Modified: 28 Jan 2020, 9:55 a.m.
Panel Version: 3.0
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il, MIM#608776
Publications
I don't know
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
ALG9-CDG (CDG-IL)
Publications
Red List (low evidence)
The rating of this gene has been updated following NHS Genomic Medicine Service approval.Created: 9 Mar 2022, 3:40 p.m. | Last Modified: 9 Mar 2022, 3:40 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.1510
Associated with phenotype in OMIM and as a probable G2P. At least 3 variants reported, but intellectual disability not specifically associated with variants in this geneCreated: 31 Oct 2017, 9:57 a.m.
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il 608776; Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome 263210
Publications
I don't know
Comment on list classification: Insufficient evidence currentlyCreated: 29 Jan 2016, 5:36 p.m.
Tag for-review was removed from gene: ALG9.
Source Expert Review Green was added to ALG9. Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Green List (high evidence)
Gene: alg9 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Tag for-review tag was added to gene: ALG9.
Gene: alg9 has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Phenotypes for gene: ALG9 were changed from Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il 608776; Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome 263210 to Developmental delay; Congenital disorder of glycosylation, type Il 608776; Gillessen-Kaesbach-Nishimura syndrome 263210
Publications for gene: ALG9 were set to 15945070; 15148656
Source Victorian Clinical Genetics Services was added to ALG9.
12.03.2018: Due to major updates completed (Phase 1, 2 and 3), this panel was promoted to Version 2 in order to reflect the major updates since November 2017 which have resulted in reviews for 836 genes added by Genomics England Curators and the Clinical Team, 130 new Green genes added to the interpretation pipeline (from 751 to 881 Green genes), and the gene total has increased from 1879 to 1927.
Publications for gene ALG9 was set to ['15945070', ' 15148656']
This gene has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
This gene has been classified as Red List (Low Evidence).
The Gel status was updated for this whole panel
The Gel status was updated for this whole panel
ALG9 was created by ellenmcdonagh
ALG9 was added to Intellectual disabilitypanel. Sources: Expert Review Amber
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at [email protected]
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.