Intellectual disability - microarray and sequencing
Gene: RPL10 Green List (high evidence)Green List (high evidence)
Comment on mode of inheritance: As reviewed by Sarah Leigh and Dmitrijs Rots, all the cases reported previously in literature and recently in PMID:35876338 were males with hemizygous RPL10 variants. The females were carriers and showed fully skewed X inactivation of the mutation-bearing X chromosomes.
In addition, this gene has been associated with relevant phenotypes in both OMIM (MIM #300998) and Gene2Phenotype (with 'definitive' rating on the DD panel). The MOI has been recorded as 'X-linked recessive' in OMIM.
The MOI should therefore be updated from 'X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)' to 'X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females' in the next GMS review.Created: 10 Jan 2024, 1:28 p.m. | Last Modified: 10 Jan 2024, 1:28 p.m.
Panel Version: 5.396
Mode of inheritance
X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes
Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic 35, OMIM:300998
Green List (high evidence)
Novel paper expands phenotype also to retinal anomalies and microcephaly.Created: 15 Dec 2022, 11:52 a.m. | Last Modified: 15 Dec 2022, 11:52 a.m.
Panel Version: 4.15
Mode of inheritance
X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes
ID, dysmorphic features, progressive postnatal microcephaly, and retinal anomalies
Publications
Mode of pathogenicity
Loss-of-function variants (as defined in pop up message) DO NOT cause this phenotype - please provide details in the comments
Comment on phenotypes: added phenotype from reviewerCreated: 30 Nov 2017, 3:42 p.m.
Red List (low evidence)
Mode of inheritance
X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Green List (high evidence)
Associated with phenotype in OMIM, not in G2P. At least 3 variants reported in three unrelated families, all with female
carriers showing fully skewed X inactivation of the variant-bearing X chromosome. Supportive functional evidence also presented.Created: 22 Aug 2017, 1:40 p.m.
Mode of inheritance
X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, biallelic mutations in females
Phenotypes
Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, 35 300998
Publications
Red List (low evidence)
Phenotypes for gene: RPL10 were changed from Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic 35, OMIM:300998 to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic 35, OMIM:300998
Phenotypes for gene: RPL10 were changed from Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, 35, 300998 to Intellectual developmental disorder, X-linked syndromic 35, OMIM:300998
Publications for gene: RPL10 were set to 25316788; 25316788; 25316788; 35876338
Publications for gene: RPL10 were set to 25316788; 25316788; 25316788; 35876338
Publications for gene: RPL10 were set to 25316788; 25316788; 25316788; 35876338
Publications for gene: RPL10 were set to 25316788; 25316788; 25316788; 35876338
Publications for gene: RPL10 were set to 25316788
Mode of inheritance for gene: RPL10 was changed from X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males) to X-LINKED: hemizygous mutation in males, monoallelic mutations in females may cause disease (may be less severe, later onset than males)
Tag Q4_23_MOI tag was added to gene: RPL10.
Source Victorian Clinical Genetics Services was added to RPL10.
12.03.2018: Due to major updates completed (Phase 1, 2 and 3), this panel was promoted to Version 2 in order to reflect the major updates since November 2017 which have resulted in reviews for 836 genes added by Genomics England Curators and the Clinical Team, 130 new Green genes added to the interpretation pipeline (from 751 to 881 Green genes), and the gene total has increased from 1879 to 1927.
Phenotypes for RPL10 were set to Mental retardation, X-linked, syndromic, 35, 300998
Publications for RPL10 were set to 25316788
This gene has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
This gene has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
The Gel status was updated for this whole panel
The Gel status was updated for this whole panel
RPL10 was added to Intellectual disabilitypanel. Source: Expert Review Red
RPL10 was added to Intellectual disabilitypanel. Sources: Emory Genetics Laboratory
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at [email protected]
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.