Intellectual disability - microarray and sequencing
Gene: PRUNE1 Green List (high evidence)Green List (high evidence)
Further clinical analysis of previously reported patients and functional analysis of some of the variants in PMID:33105479 - Nistala et al 2020 - detailed phenotypic analysis of a previously reported family (SZ51, Karaca et al 2015) plus detailed literature and clinical review of all 35 NMIHBA patients reported to date. They also characterized 4 variants (p.D30N, p.D106N, p.R128Q and p.G174*) within the conserved N-terminal domain. Wild type or mutant proteins were transfected into HEK293 cells. Cells showed either no protein expression (p.G174*) or loss of PRUNE1 function due to impaired protein stability or loss of enzymatic function (3 missense variants). Prune1−/− mice show midgestational lethality, associated with changes in embryonic growth and vascular development.Created: 3 Feb 2021, 12:01 p.m. | Last Modified: 3 Feb 2021, 12:01 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.756
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies OMIM:617481; neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies MONDO:0060490
Publications
Comment when marking as ready: Appropriate phenotype, sufficient casesCreated: 13 Nov 2017, 1:46 p.m.
Green List (high evidence)
This is a pertinent gene from the NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases Study (NIHRBR-RD) BRIDGE Study : SPEED (Specialist Pathology: Evaluating Exomes in Diagnostics) which covers epilepsies, movement and microcephaly disorders, this gene is on the SPEED_NEURO_20170705 gene list. Evidences used for SPEED NEURO gene list: in_manual . Main mutation mechanism : Loss of function/missenseCreated: 27 Jul 2017, 8:09 p.m.
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications
Green List (high evidence)
Promoted gene status from Amber to Green due to expert review and evidence more than three unrelated individuals. PRUNE1 previous symbol is PRUNECreated: 29 Nov 2017, 2:10 p.m.
Comment on list classification: This gene is from an expert list and needs further assessment by the Genomics England curation team to access inclusion and pertinence to this panel.Created: 28 Jul 2017, 3:49 p.m.
added new-gene-name tag, new approved HGNC gene symbol is PRUNE1Created: 28 Jul 2017, 3:46 p.m.
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies, 617481; NMIHBA; Complex neurological syndrome
Publications
Source: Expert Review Amber was removed from gene: PRUNE1
Phenotypes for gene: PRUNE1 were changed from Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies, 617481; NMIHBA; Complex neurological syndrome to Neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies OMIM:617481; neurodevelopmental disorder with microcephaly, hypotonia, and variable brain anomalies MONDO:0060490; NMIHBA; Complex neurological syndrome
Publications for gene: PRUNE1 were set to 26539891; 28334956
12.03.2018: Due to major updates completed (Phase 1, 2 and 3), this panel was promoted to Version 2 in order to reflect the major updates since November 2017 which have resulted in reviews for 836 genes added by Genomics England Curators and the Clinical Team, 130 new Green genes added to the interpretation pipeline (from 751 to 881 Green genes), and the gene total has increased from 1879 to 1927.
Expert Review Green was added to PRUNE1. Panel: Intellectual disability Publications for gene PRUNE1 was set to ['26539891', '28334956']
PRUNE was changed to PRUNE1
new-gene-name was removed from PRUNE. Panel: Intellectual disability
This gene has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
PRUNE1* was changed to PRUNE
PRUNE1* was added to Intellectual disabilitypanel. Sources: BRIDGE study SPEED NEURO Tier1 Gene
PRUNE1* was created by BRIDGE
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at [email protected]
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.