Intellectual disability - microarray and sequencing
Gene: TBC1D2B Amber List (moderate evidence)Green List (high evidence)
Comment on list classification: There is enough evidence for this gene to be rated GREEN at the next major review.Created: 11 Apr 2024, 11:24 a.m. | Last Modified: 11 Apr 2024, 11:24 a.m.
Panel Version: 5.519
TBC1D2B variants have been associated with Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth (OMIM:619323) and as definitive Gen2Phen gene for TBC1D2B-related neurodevelopmental disorder. So far, 11 TBC1D2B variants have been reported in 8 unrelated families. Global developmental delay (HP:0001263) was reported in 5/8 families, mental deterioration (HP:0001268) was seen in 5/8 families and seizures (HP:0001250) were reported in 8/8 families (four of these were controlled with medication)(PMID: 38374468).Created: 11 Apr 2024, 11:23 a.m. | Last Modified: 11 Apr 2024, 11:23 a.m.
Panel Version: 5.518
Comment on list classification: New gene added by Konstantinos Varvagiannis. Updating rating from Grey to Amber based on one publication (PMID:32623794). Manifestation of ID is variable amongst cases, but is mostly within the mild range. Additional cases would help determine the relevance of ID to the overall disease presentation (added 'watchlist' tag)Created: 16 Nov 2020, 2:28 p.m. | Last Modified: 16 Nov 2020, 2:28 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.536
I don't know
Harms et al (2020 - PMID: 32623794) report on 3 unrelated individuals with biallelic pLoF TBC1D2B variants.
Features included cognitive impairment (mild ID in one case, regression at the age of 12y in another, hypotonia and delayed milestones in a third aged 8m), seizures (3/3 - variable age of onset) and/or gingival overgrowth (2/3 - prior to initiation of AEDs). Other findings included behavioral abnormalities, mandibular anomalies, abnormal brain imaging and ophthalmologic or (rarely) audiometric evaluations.
All were born to non-consanguineous couples and additional investigations were performed in some.
Variants were identified by WES or trio WGS, with Sanger confirmation/compatible segregation analyses.
In line with the pLoF variants, mRNA studies in fibroblasts from 2 unrelated affected individuals demonstrated significantly reduced (~80-90%) TBC1C2D mRNA levels compared to controls, restored following cycloheximide treatment. Protein was absent in patient fibroblasts.
TBC-domain containing GTPase activating proteins are known as key regulators of RAB GTPase activity. TBC1D2B was shown to colocalize with RAB5-positive endocytic vesicles. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated ko of TBC1D2B in HeLa cells suggested a role in EGF receptor endocytosis and decreased cell viability of TBC1D2B-deficient HeLa cells upon serum deprivation.
Genes encoding other TBC domain-containg GTPase-activating proteins, e.g. TBC1D7 and TBC1D20, TBC1D24 are associated with recessive neurodevelopmental disorders (with ID and/or seizures) and the pathophysiological defect in TBC1D2B-related disorder (deficit in vesicle trafficking and/or cell survival) is proposed to be similar to that of TBC1D24.
Overall this gene can be considered for inclusion with amber/green rating in the ID panel and green in epilepsy panel.
Sources: LiteratureCreated: 13 Jul 2020, 7:04 p.m.
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Gingival overgrowth; Behavioral abnormality; Abnormality of the mandible; Abnormality of brain morphology; Abnormality of the eye; Hearing abnormality
Publications
Tag watchlist was removed from gene: TBC1D2B. Tag Q2_24_promote_green tag was added to gene: TBC1D2B. Tag Q2_24_NHS_review tag was added to gene: TBC1D2B.
Gene: tbc1d2b has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Publications for gene: TBC1D2B were set to 32623794
Phenotypes for gene: TBC1D2B were changed from Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Gingival overgrowth; Behavioral abnormality; Abnormality of the mandible; Abnormality of brain morphology; Abnormality of the eye; Hearing abnormality to Neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth, OMIM:619323; neurodevelopmental disorder with seizures and gingival overgrowth, MONDO:0859148
Tag gene-checked tag was added to gene: TBC1D2B.
Tag watchlist tag was added to gene: TBC1D2B.
Gene: tbc1d2b has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
gene: TBC1D2B was added gene: TBC1D2B was added to Intellectual disability. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TBC1D2B was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TBC1D2B were set to 32623794 Phenotypes for gene: TBC1D2B were set to Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Seizures; Gingival overgrowth; Behavioral abnormality; Abnormality of the mandible; Abnormality of brain morphology; Abnormality of the eye; Hearing abnormality Penetrance for gene: TBC1D2B were set to Complete Review for gene: TBC1D2B was set to AMBER
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at [email protected]
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.