Intellectual disability - microarray and sequencing
Gene: H3F3A Green List (high evidence)The rating of this gene has been updated following NHS Genomic Medicine Service approval.Created: 9 Mar 2022, 3:40 p.m. | Last Modified: 9 Mar 2022, 3:40 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.1510
Green List (high evidence)
Comment on list classification: Upgraded from Red to Amber, but there is sufficient evidence to promoted to Green at the next GMS panel update (added 'for-review' tag).
Multiple unrelated cases (>30) with GDD/ID associated with de novo variants in this gene.Created: 22 Dec 2020, 4:26 p.m. | Last Modified: 22 Dec 2020, 4:26 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.670
Currently not associated with any phenotype in OMIM, but is listed in Gene2Phenotype with a 'confirmed' disease confidence rating for 'Craniofacial with neurodevelopment disorders'.
- PMID: 31942419 (2019) - De novo missense variant identified by trio exome sequencing in a girl with secondary microcephaly, severe DD and ID, growth retardation and dysmorphic features. Brain MRI demonstrated hypoplasia of corpus callosum and cerebellum as well as thin layer of frontal and parietal periventricular gliosis. No functional analyses of the variant or patient cells were performed.
- PMID: 33268356 (2020) - De novo missense variants identified in 33 unrelated individuals with a shared phenotype of GDD/ID, usually severe and often progressive, with mostly minor congenital anomalies. 23/28 patients showed abnormalities on brain MRI including hypoplasia/agenesis of the corpus collosum (9), cortical atrophy (6) and impaired myelination (5). Variable seizure phenotypes were reported in 17/33 cases, all early-onset where specified, mostly during infancy (latest onset at 14 years of age).Created: 22 Dec 2020, 4:20 p.m. | Last Modified: 22 Dec 2020, 4:20 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.669
Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes
Developmental delay; Neurodegeneration; Epilepsy; Facial dysmorphism; Congenital anomalies
Publications
Green List (high evidence)
33 unrelated individuals reported with missense variants in H3F3A. Phenotype primarily comprised intellectual disability and minor congenital anomalies, regression in significant proportion. Seizures in 50%.Created: 9 Dec 2020, 7:31 a.m. | Last Modified: 9 Dec 2020, 7:31 a.m.
Panel Version: 3.644
Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes
Intellectual disability; regression; seizures
Publications
Added new-gene-name tag, new approved HGNC gene symbol for H3F3A is H3-3ACreated: 6 Sep 2019, 3:43 p.m. | Last Modified: 6 Sep 2019, 3:43 p.m.
Panel Version: 2.1022
Tag for-review was removed from gene: H3F3A.
Source Expert Review Green was added to H3F3A. Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Green List (high evidence)
Phenotypes for gene: H3F3A were changed from to Developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Neurodegeneration; Epilepsy; Facial dysmorphism; Congenital anomalies
Publications for gene: H3F3A were set to
Mode of inheritance for gene: H3F3A was changed from to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Gene: h3f3a has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Gene: h3f3a has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).
Tag for-review tag was added to gene: H3F3A.
Tag new-gene-name tag was added to gene: H3F3A.
gene: H3F3A was added gene: H3F3A was added to Intellectual disability. Sources: Victorian Clinical Genetics Services Mode of inheritance for gene: H3F3A was set to
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at [email protected]
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.