Intellectual disability - microarray and sequencing
Gene: KMT5B Green List (high evidence)Comment on list classification: Sufficient cases of patients with ID to rate greenCreated: 15 Jun 2019, 3:46 p.m.
KMT5B is associated with Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 51 (#617788) in OMIM and KMT5B syndrome
on Gene2phenotype. v syndrome has intellectual disability and overgrowth listed as phenotypes.
PMID: 29276005 - Faundes et al 2018 - looked at patients from the Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study that high-quality-call genetic variants in methyltransferases (KMTs) and demethylases (KDMs) not yet firmly associated with DDs. 4 patients identified with either variants or deletions in KMT5B. 2 had nonsense variants, 2 had deletions encompassing KMT5B (399 kb and 839 kb). All had mild to severe intellectual disability. 2 also had seizures.
PMID: 28191889 - Stessman et al 2017 - they sequenced the coding and splicing portions of 208 potential NDD risk genes in over 11,730 ASD, ID, and DD cases. 3 of the patients (patients 5, 6, and 7) had previously been reported by Iossifov et al. (2014). From OMIM: In 7 unrelated patients with autosomal dominant mental retardation-51 (MRD51; 617788), Iossifov et al. (2014) and Stessman et al. (2017) identified 7 different heterozygous variants in the KMT5B gene. Four of the variants were categorized as 'likely gene disruptive' (LGD) events, such as nonsense or frameshift variants, and 3 were missense variants predicted to be deleterious. Five of the variants were demonstrated to have occurred de novo. One missense variant was maternally inherited without clinical information on the mother, and parental DNA was not available from another patient to determine segregation.
PMID: 25363768 - Iossifov et al 2014 - see Stressman et al 2017Created: 15 Jun 2019, 3:44 p.m.
Green List (high evidence)
Multiple affected individuals with de novo variants in this gene reported in the literature, ID is part of the phenotype.Created: 22 Jun 2018, 11:49 a.m.
Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, NOT imprinted
Phenotypes
Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 51
Publications
Variants in this GENE are reported as part of current diagnostic practice
Publications for gene: KMT5B were set to 29276005, 28191889, 25363768
Phenotypes for gene: KMT5B were changed from Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 51 to Mental retardation, autosomal dominant 51, 617788
Gene: kmt5b has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Gene: kmt5b has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Gene: kmt5b has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Source Victorian Clinical Genetics Services was added to KMT5B.
KMT5B was added to Intellectual disability panel. Sources: Literature
KMT5B was created by Zornitza Stark
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at [email protected]
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.