Intellectual disability - microarray and sequencing
Gene: MCM3AP Green List (high evidence)Green List (high evidence)
PMID: 32202298 - Woldegebriel et al 2020 - report a further two families, one in the Netherlands and one in Estonia, with probands with compound heterozygous variants in MCM3AP and a peripheral neuropathy with or without impaired intellectual development (MIM 618124) phenotype. The child from the Netherlands presented with severe hypotonia and intellectual disability. The two siblings from the Estonian family had severe generalized epilepsy and mild spastic diplegia. Functional studies using skin fibroblasts from these and other affected patients showed that disease variants result in depletion of GANP (encoded by MCM3AP) except when they alter critical residues in the Sac3 mRNA binding domain. GANP depletion was associated with more severe phenotypes compared with the Sac3 variantsCreated: 30 Jun 2020, 4:33 p.m. | Last Modified: 30 Jun 2020, 4:33 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.123
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Publications
Comment on list classification: New gene added by external expert and reviewed by curation team: Sufficient evidence has been provided by the external expert review for this gene to be rated green. There are >3 cases of unrelated patients with variants in MCM3AP who have ID. The gene is associated with a phenotype on OMIM but not Gene2Phenotype.Created: 18 Feb 2019, 3:30 p.m.
I don't know
Biallelic mutations in MCM3AP cause Peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive, with or without impaired intellectual development (MIM 618124).
All relevant publications [PMIDs: 24123876, 28633435 (first detailed description of a series of patients with functional studies), 28969388, 29982295) are summarized in OMIM.
Overall more than 18 patients from 10 families and at least 8 pathogenic variants have been reported.
Apart from abnormal motor development which may be associated with the sensorimotor neuropathy, intellectual disability was a feature in several individuals (although not a universal one).
Some patients were initially evaluated for their ID while investigations for the neuropathy may be conducted late (as evident in PMID: 28633435).
MCM3AP is included in gene panels for intellectual disability offered by diagnostic laboratories.
As a result, this gene can be considered for inclusion in the ID panel as amber or green (depending on its relevance to the specific panel).
Sources: LiteratureCreated: 6 Dec 2018, 7:41 a.m.
Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Phenotypes
Peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive, with or without impaired intellectual development (MIM 618124)
Publications
Variants in this GENE are reported as part of current diagnostic practice
Publications for gene: MCM3AP were set to 24123876; 28633435; 28969388; 29982295; 32202298
Publications for gene: MCM3AP were set to 24123876; 28633435; 28969388; 29982295; 32202298
Publications for gene: MCM3AP were set to 24123876; 28633435; 28969388; 29982295; 32202298
Publications for gene: MCM3AP were set to 24123876; 28633435; 28969388; 29982295
Gene: mcm3ap has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).
Phenotypes for gene: MCM3AP were changed from Peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive, with or without impaired intellectual development (MIM 618124) to Peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive, with or without impaired intellectual development, 618124
gene: MCM3AP was added gene: MCM3AP was added to Intellectual disability. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: MCM3AP was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: MCM3AP were set to 24123876; 28633435; 28969388; 29982295 Phenotypes for gene: MCM3AP were set to Peripheral neuropathy, autosomal recessive, with or without impaired intellectual development (MIM 618124) Penetrance for gene: MCM3AP were set to Complete Review for gene: MCM3AP was set to AMBER gene: MCM3AP was marked as current diagnostic
If promoting or demoting a gene, please provide comments to justify a decision to move it.
Genes included in a Genomics England gene panel for a rare disease category (green list) should fit the criteria A-E outlined below.
These guidelines were developed as a combination of the ClinGen DEFINITIVE evidence for a causal role of the gene in the disease(a), and the Developmental Disorder Genotype-Phenotype (DDG2P) CONFIRMED DD Gene evidence level(b) (please see the original references provided below for full details). These help provide a guideline for expert reviewers when assessing whether a gene should be on the green or the red list of a panel.
A. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing an interpretable functional region(ii) of this gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
B. There are plausible disease-causing mutations(i) within, affecting or encompassing cis-regulatory elements convincingly affecting the expression of a single gene identified in multiple (>3) unrelated cases/families with the phenotype(iii).
OR
C. As definitions A or B but in 2 or 3 unrelated cases/families with the phenotype, with the addition of convincing bioinformatic or functional evidence of causation e.g. known inborn error of metabolism with mutation in orthologous gene which is known to have the relevant deficient enzymatic activity in other species; existence of an animal model which recapitulates the human phenotype.
AND
D. Evidence indicates that disease-causing mutations follow a Mendelian pattern of causation appropriate for reporting in a diagnostic setting(iv).
AND
E. No convincing evidence exists or has emerged that contradicts the role of the gene in the specified phenotype.
(i)Plausible disease-causing mutations: Recurrent de novo mutations convincingly affecting gene function. Rare, fully-penetrant mutations - relevant genotype never, or very rarely, seen in controls. (ii) Interpretable functional region: ORF in protein coding genes miRNA stem or loop. (iii) Phenotype: the rare disease category, as described in the eligibility statement. (iv) Intermediate penetrance genes should not be included.
It’s assumed that loss-of-function variants in this gene can cause the disease/phenotype unless an exception to this rule is known. We would like to collect information regarding exceptions. An example exception is the PCSK9 gene, where loss-of-function variants are not relevant for a hypercholesterolemia phenotype as they are associated with increased LDL-cholesterol uptake via LDLR (PMID: 25911073).
If a curated set of known-pathogenic variants is available for this gene-phenotype, please contact us at [email protected]
We classify loss-of-function variants as those with the following Sequence Ontology (SO) terms:
Term descriptions can be found on the PanelApp homepage and Ensembl.
If you are submitting this evaluation on behalf of a clinical laboratory please indicate whether you report variants in this gene as part of your current diagnostic practice by checking the box
Standardised terms were used to represent the gene-disease mode of inheritance, and were mapped to commonly used terms from the different sources. Below each of the terms is described, along with the equivalent commonly-used terms.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, and imprinting has not been implicated.
A variant on the paternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on the maternally-inherited allele of this gene can cause the disease, if the alternate allele is imprinted (function muted).
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease. This is the default used for autosomal dominant mode of inheritance where no knowledge of the imprinting status of the gene required to cause the disease is known. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal dominant, dominant, AD, DOMINANT.
A variant on both alleles of this gene is required to cause the disease. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive, recessive, AR, RECESSIVE.
The disease can be caused by a variant on one or both alleles of this gene. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: autosomal recessive or autosomal dominant, recessive or dominant, AR/AD, AD/AR, DOMINANT/RECESSIVE, RECESSIVE/DOMINANT.
A variant on one allele of this gene can cause the disease, however a variant on both alleles of this gene can result in a more severe form of the disease/phenotype.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele, whereas a variant on both X-chromosome alleles is required to cause the disease in females. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: X-linked recessive.
A variant in this gene can cause the disease in males as they have one X-chromosome allele. A variant on one allele of this gene may also cause the disease in females, though the disease/phenotype may be less severe and may have a later-onset than is seen in males. X-linked inactivation and mosaicism in different tissues complicate whether a female presents with the disease, and can change over their lifetime. This term is the default setting used for X-linked genes, where it is not known definitately whether females require a variant on each allele of this gene in order to be affected. Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: X-linked dominant, x-linked, X-LINKED, X-linked.
The gene is in the mitochondrial genome and variants within this can cause this disease, maternally inherited. Mapped to the following commonly used term from different sources: Mitochondrial.
Mapped to the following commonly used terms from different sources: Unknown, NA, information not provided.
For example, if the mode of inheritance is digenic, please indicate this in the comments and which other gene is involved.