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Intellectual disability

Gene: MTOR

Green List (high evidence)
MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase)
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh38): ENSG00000198793
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh37): ENSG00000198793
OMIM: 601231, Gene2Phenotype
MTOR is in 11 panels

6 reviews

Helen Brittain (Genomics England Curator)

Comment when marking as ready: Sufficient cases, phenotype is appropriate for the ID panel.
Created: 5 Mar 2018, 12:15 p.m.
Comment on mode of pathogenicity: Note: only missense variants have been reported to date. The relevant spectrum of variants may be limited (? consistent with gain of function). The pick up re somatic mosaic variants is likely to be limited (re focal cortical dysplasia phenotype) however if detected, they could be of clinical relevance.
Created: 5 Mar 2018, 12:14 p.m.
Comment on phenotypes: Note: only missense variants have been reported to date. The relevant spectrum of variants may be limited (? consistent with gain of function). I note that the pick up for somatic mosaic variants regarding the focal cortical dysplasia phenotype is likely to be limited, however it has been included as there is sufficient phenotypic overlap with this panel.
Created: 5 Mar 2018, 12:13 p.m.
Created: 5 Mar 2018, 12:13 p.m.

Panel version: Imported from Intellectual disability update Jan 2018 panel version 0.305

Louise Daugherty (Genomics England Curator)

Green List (high evidence)

Comment on publications: Added PMID: 27159400 from internal clinical review suggestion, identified 3 unrelated children (and one more who was identical twin of one of the others) with a consitutional (aternative allele fraction of ~0.5) MTOR mutation with diffuse megalencephaly, ID and autism (as well as other children in whom mosiac mutations were identified and children with focal cortical dysplasia in whom MTOR mutations were found only in somatic tissue). These children don't have Smith-Kingsmore syndrome, no mention of epilepsy in the paper, and had minimal polymicrogyria so it's conceivable they would have been recruited under ID rather than cortical dysplasia panel.
Created: 5 Mar 2018, 4:15 p.m.
added missense and somatic tags. Clinical team review agree that there is evidence for germline and somatic mosaic variants in this gene in association with ID, it should be rated as Green and to include both phenotypes Focal cortical dysplasia, type II, somatic and Smith-Kingsmore syndrome
Created: 5 Mar 2018, 4:13 p.m.
Comment on publications: added publications to support Smith-Kingsmore syndrome, 616638
Created: 28 Feb 2018, 6:25 p.m.
Comment on list classification: Changed status from Red to Green, there is enough evidence to support variants in MTOR causing Smith-Kingsmore syndrome. This is not to be confused with the other gene-phenotype association to Focal cortical dysplasia, type II, somatic, as we cannot currently report on this (somatic/mosaicism)
Created: 28 Feb 2018, 6:21 p.m.
There are more than three unrelated cases with intellectual disability Baynam et al. (2015) PMID:25851998, Mroske et al., (2015) PMID:26542245, Moller et al. (2016) PMID: 27830187 and more recently Gordo et.el (2017) PMID:28892148
Created: 28 Feb 2018, 6:17 p.m.
This is a confirmed DD gene in Gene2Phenotype for Smith-Kingsmore syndrome
Created: 28 Feb 2018, 6:14 p.m.
Variants of MTOR can result in Focal cortical dysplasia, type II, somatic 607341. However, it is also associated to the autosomal dominant syndrome Smith-Kingsmore syndrome which is characterized by intellectual disability, macrocephaly, seizures, umbilical hernia, and facial dysmorphic features, Smith et al. (2013) DOI: 10.4137/JGE.S12583, Baynam et al. (2015) PMID: 25851998.
Created: 28 Feb 2018, 6:13 p.m.
Created: 28 Feb 2018, 5:39 p.m.

Panel version: Imported from Intellectual disability update Jan 2018 panel version 0.336

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

Comment on list classification: De novo somatic variants in this gene have been reported in brain tissue of patients with seizures due to focal cortical dysplasia type 2 in more than 6 patients (PMID: 26018084;27830187;25878179). PMID:27830187 also reports an inherited variant identified in a mother-daughter pair with nonlesional autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy. Functional in vitro studies in PMID: 26018084 indicate that the mechanism of action may be activating somatic mutations.
Created: 22 Sep 2017, 1:37 p.m.
Created: 22 Sep 2017, 1:37 p.m.

Panel version: 1.418

BRIDGE consortium (NIHRBR-RD)

Green List (high evidence)

This is a pertinent gene from the NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases Study (NIHRBR-RD) BRIDGE Study : SPEED (Specialist Pathology: Evaluating Exomes in Diagnostics) which covers epilepsies, movement and microcephaly disorders, this gene is on the SPEED_NEURO_20170705 gene list. Evidences used for SPEED NEURO gene list: in_ddg2p_2_4_2017;in_manual . Main mutation mechanism : All missense/in frame
Created: 27 Jul 2017, 7:42 p.m.
This is a pertinent gene from the BRIDGE Study : SPEED (Specialist Pathology: Evaluating Exomes in Diagnostics) which covers epilepsies, movement and microcephaly disorders, this gene comes from the SPEED_NEURO_v3.0_20170404 gene list. The following experts from the BRIDGE consortium NIHRBR-RD contributed to this panel: - Professor F. Lucy Raymond, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge - Manju Kurian, Paediatric neurologist, Great Ormond Street Hosptial - Keren Carss, NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust - Alba Sanchis-Juan, NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust - Marie Erwood NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust - Louise Daugherty, NIHR BioResource - Rare Diseases, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Created: 19 Jul 2017, 12:53 p.m.

Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown

Publications

  • 25529582
  • Manual assessment of Genes of interest from literature searches and personal communication

Mode of pathogenicity
Other

Created: 2 Aug 2017, 8:40 p.m.

Panel version: 1.354

Lu Raymond (university of cambridge )

Red List (low evidence)

Created: 23 Feb 2016, 11:11 a.m.

Panel version: 0.306

Caroline Wright (Sanger)

Red List (low evidence)

Mechanism: Mosaic
Created: 16 Nov 2015, 11:41 a.m.

Mode of inheritance
Other - please specify in evaluation comments

Phenotypes
HEMIMEGALENCEPHALY MTOR

Publications

Created: 16 Nov 2015, 11:41 a.m.

Panel version: 0

Details

Mode of Inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown
Sources
  • Victorian Clinical Genetics Services
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Smith-Kingsmore syndrome, 616638
  • Intellectual Disability
  • Focal cortical dysplasia, type II, somatic 607341
Tags
missense mosaicism somatic
OMIM
601231
Clinvar variants
Variants in MTOR
Penetrance
Complete
Publications
Mode of Pathogenicity
Other - please provide details in the comments
Panels with this gene

History Filter Activity

23 Jan 2024, Gel status: 3

Set publications

Sarah Leigh (Genomics England Curator)

Publications for gene: MTOR were set to 26542245; 27830187; 25851998; 28892148; DOI: 10.4137/JGE.S12583; 27159400

29 Sep 2018, Gel status: 4

Added New Source

Louise Daugherty (Genomics England Curator)

Source Victorian Clinical Genetics Services was added to MTOR.

16 May 2018, Gel status: 3

Gene classified by Genomics England curator

Louise Daugherty (Genomics England Curator)

This gene has been classified as Green List (High Evidence).

16 May 2018, Gel status: 0

Clear Sources

Louise Daugherty (Genomics England Curator)

MTOR Source: Expert Review Green was removed from gene: MTOR

16 May 2018, Gel status: 4

Clear Sources

Louise Daugherty (Genomics England Curator)

MTOR Source: Expert Review Amber was removed from gene: MTOR

12 Mar 2018, Gel status: 4

Panel promoted to version 2.0

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

12.03.2018: Due to major updates completed (Phase 1, 2 and 3), this panel was promoted to Version 2 in order to reflect the major updates since November 2017 which have resulted in reviews for 836 genes added by Genomics England Curators and the Clinical Team, 130 new Green genes added to the interpretation pipeline (from 751 to 881 Green genes), and the gene total has increased from 1879 to 1927.

12 Mar 2018, Gel status: 4

Added New Source, Set publications

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

Expert Review Green was added to MTOR. Panel: Intellectual disability Publications for gene MTOR was set to ['26542245', '27830187', '25851998', '28892148', 'DOI: 10.4137/JGE.S12583', '27159400']

22 Sep 2017, Gel status: 2

Set mode of pathogenicity

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

Mode of pathogenicity for MTOR was changed to Other - please provide details in the comments

22 Sep 2017, Gel status: 2

Set Phenotypes

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

Phenotypes for MTOR were set to Focal cortical dysplasia, type II, somatic 607341

22 Sep 2017, Gel status: 2

Set publications

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

Publications for MTOR were set to 23934111; 25529582; 26018084; 27830187; 25878179

22 Sep 2017, Gel status: 2

Set Mode of Inheritance

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

Mode of inheritance for MTOR was changed to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown

22 Sep 2017, Gel status: 2

Gene classified by Genomics England curator

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

This gene has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).

22 Sep 2017, Gel status: 1

Set publications

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

Publications for MTOR were set to 23934111;25529582;

13 Nov 2015, Gel status: 1

gel status update

GEL ()

The Gel status was updated for this whole panel

13 Nov 2015, Gel status: 2

gel status update

GEL ()

The Gel status was updated for this whole panel

13 Nov 2015, Gel status: 0

Created

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

MTOR was created by ellenmcdonagh

13 Nov 2015, Gel status: 0

Added New Source

Ellen McDonagh (Genomics England Curator)

MTOR was added to Intellectual disabilitypanel. Sources: Expert Review Red