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Intellectual disability

Gene: TMEM222

Green List (high evidence)
TMEM222 (transmembrane protein 222)
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh38): ENSG00000186501
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh37): ENSG00000186501
TMEM222 is in 3 panels

2 reviews

Sarah Leigh (Genomics England Curator)

Green List (high evidence)

The rating of this gene has been updated following NHS Genomic Medicine Service approval.
Created: 14 Mar 2022, 2:22 p.m. | Last Modified: 14 Mar 2022, 2:22 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.1519
Not associated with relevant phenotype in OMIM or Gen2Phen (TMEM222 not listed on OMIM 11/05/2021). At least ten variants reported in at least nine unrelated families. Moderate to severe intellectual disability was evident in all families.
Created: 11 May 2021, 12:29 p.m. | Last Modified: 11 May 2021, 12:29 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.1072
Comment on list classification: There is enough evidence for this gene to be rated GREEN at the next major review.
Created: 11 May 2021, 12:09 p.m. | Last Modified: 11 May 2021, 12:09 p.m.
Panel Version: 3.1072
Created: 11 May 2021, 12:09 p.m.
Last Modified: 11 May 2021, 12:09 p.m.
Panel version: 3.1519

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

Green List (high evidence)

Polla et al (2021 - PMID: 33824500) report 17 individuals from 9 unrelated families, with biallelic TMEM222 pathogenic variants.

The phenotype included motor, speech delay and moderate to severe ID (as universal features). Other manifestations included hypotonia (10/15), broad gait (5/12), seizures (7/17 - belonging to 6/9 families), MRI abnormalities (5/8). Variable behavioral abnormalities were observed (aggressive behavior, shy character, stereotypic movements etc). Abnormal OFC was a feature in several with microcephaly in 7 subjects from 4 families (measurements not available for all 17). Nonspecific facial features were reported in 10/17. Rare features incl. body tremors, decreased lower extremity muscle mass or disorder of motor neurons.

TMEM222 variants were identified following exome sequencing. Previous investigations incl. metabolic studies, FMR1, chromosomes by standard karyotype or CMA, SMA, CMT1A were reported to be normal (available for some individuals).

TMEM222 variants missense and pLoF ones mostly found in homozygosity (7/9 families were consanguineous, compound heterozygosity reported in a single case from the 9 families). Sanger sequencing was used for confirmation of variants, parental carrier state as well as testing of sibs (unaffected sibs tested in 4 families).

Few individuals had additional genetic findings in other genes, though classified as VUS (3 families).

The gene encodes transmembrane protein 222 (208 residues) which however has unknown function. The protein comprises 3 transmembrane domains and a domain of unknown function. TMEMs are a group of transmembrane proteins spanning membranes with - most commonly - unclear function.

The authors measured expression by qPCR mRNA analysis, demonstrating highest fetal and adult brain expression (incl. parietal and occipital cortex). Expression levels from GTEx data also support a role in neurodevelopment.

Immunocytochemistry revealed highest levels in mature human iPSC-derived glutaminergic cortical neurons and moderate in immature ones. Additional studies supported that the gene is highly expressed in dendrites and might play a role in postsynaptic vesicles (colocalization with postsynaptic and early endosomal markers).

A previous study by Riazuddin et al (2017 - PMID: 27457812) had identified TMEM222 as a candidate gene for ID. This family (PKMR213) however appears to be included as family 2 in the aforementioned publication (same pedigree, variant and phenotype in both articles).

In OMIM there is currently no associated phenotype.

The gene is listed among the primary ID genes in SysID.

Please consider inclusion in the ID panel with green (or amber) rating. This gene may also be included in other panels e.g. for epilepsy, microcephaly, etc.
Sources: Literature
Created: 7 May 2021, 7:38 p.m.

Mode of inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal

Phenotypes
Motor delay; Delayed speech and language development; Intellectual disability; Generalized hypotonia; Broad-based gait; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Seizures; Microcephaly; Behavioral abnormality

Publications

Created: 7 May 2021, 7:38 p.m.

Panel version: 3.1069

Details

Mode of Inheritance
BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal
Sources
  • Expert Review Green
Phenotypes
  • Motor delay
  • Delayed speech and language development
  • Intellectual disability
  • Generalized hypotonia
  • Broad-based gait
  • Abnormality of nervous system morphology
  • Seizures
  • Microcephaly
  • Behavioral abnormality
Tags
gene-checked
Clinvar variants
Variants in TMEM222
Penetrance
Complete
Publications
Panels with this gene

History Filter Activity

8 May 2022, Gel status: 3

Added Tag

Eleanor Williams (Genomics England Curator)

Tag gene-checked tag was added to gene: TMEM222.

14 Mar 2022, Gel status: 3

Removed Tag

Ivone Leong (Genomics England Curator)

Tag Q2_21_rating was removed from gene: TMEM222.

14 Mar 2022, Gel status: 3

Added New Source, Status Update

Ivone Leong (Genomics England Curator)

Source Expert Review Green was added to TMEM222. Rating Changed from Amber List (moderate evidence) to Green List (high evidence)

11 May 2021, Gel status: 2

Added Tag

Sarah Leigh (Genomics England Curator)

Tag Q2_21_rating tag was added to gene: TMEM222.

11 May 2021, Gel status: 2

Entity classified by Genomics England curator

Sarah Leigh (Genomics England Curator)

Gene: tmem222 has been classified as Amber List (Moderate Evidence).

11 May 2021, Gel status: 0

Set publications

Sarah Leigh (Genomics England Curator)

Publications for gene: TMEM222 were set to 33824500

7 May 2021, Gel status: 0

Created, Added New Source, Set mode of inheritance, Set publications, Set Phenotypes, Set penetrance

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

gene: TMEM222 was added gene: TMEM222 was added to Intellectual disability. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: TMEM222 was set to BIALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal Publications for gene: TMEM222 were set to 33824500 Phenotypes for gene: TMEM222 were set to Motor delay; Delayed speech and language development; Intellectual disability; Generalized hypotonia; Broad-based gait; Abnormality of nervous system morphology; Seizures; Microcephaly; Behavioral abnormality Penetrance for gene: TMEM222 were set to Complete Review for gene: TMEM222 was set to GREEN