Intellectual disability
Gene: VAMP2

VAMP2 (vesicle associated membrane protein 2)
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh38): ENSG00000220205
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh37): ENSG00000220205
OMIM: 185881, Gene2Phenotype
VAMP2 is in 6 panels

2 reviews

Catherine Snow (Genomics England)

Comment on list classification: VAMP2 was identified due to a expert review by Konstantinos Varvagiannis on Salpietro et al. (PMID: 30929742) Literature reports 5 individuals, all with heterozygous de novo variants in VAMP2 and moderate/severe ID and ASD, all individuals and parents had been sequenced. Therefore sufficient number of cases to classify as Green. VAMP2 is currently not associated with any phenotypes in OMIM or G2P however sufficient number of cases for VAMP2 to be classified as Green.
Created: 28 May 2019, 2:33 p.m. | Last Modified: 17 Jul 2019, 1:10 p.m.

Panel Version: 0.200

Created: 28 May 2019, 2:33 p.m.
Last Modified: 17 Jul 2019, 1:10 p.m.
Panel version: Imported from Intellectual disability update May 2019 panel version 0.88

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

Green List (high evidence)

Salpietro et al. (2019 - PMID: 30929742 - DDD study among the co-authors) report on 5 individuals each with private heterozygous de novo variants in VAMP2.

The overlapping phenotype consisted among others of hypotonia with DD, moderate/severe ID and ASD (all in 5/5). Other features included the presence of clinical seizures (3/5 - EEG anomalies observed in all individuals), variable Rett-like stereotypies, hyperkinetic movements, central visual impairment. OFC was normal in all subjects.

VAMP2 encodes the vesicular SNARE protein synaptobrevin-2 which - along with its partners (syntaxin-1A and synaptosomal-associated protein 25) - mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles for the release of neurotransmitters. A number of synaptic proteins involved in Ca+2-regulated neurotransmitter release (eg. Munc18 encoded by STXBP1) regulate the fusion of synaptic vesicles, although SNAREs alone are sufficient for this process.

All variants localized in the v-SNARE domain (aa 31-91 - of 116 total residues - NP_0055047.2) with some phenotypic differences between variants localizing in the C-terminal end of the v-SNARE domain compared to those localizing in its proximal part. The following 3 missense variants and 2 in-frame deletions were reported (using NM_014232 as reference): c.223T>C or p.Ser75Pro - c.233A>C or p.Glu78Ala - c.230T>C or p.Phe77Ser - c.128_130delTGG or p.Val43del and c.135_137delCAT or p.Ile45del.

Functional studies were performed for 2 missense variants and were suggestive of impairment in vesicle fusion for the Ser75Pro variant. The fusion profile for Glu78Ala was however similar to wt. Upon Munc18-activated conditions, wt vesicle fusion was 2-fold increased, in contrast to a >90% loss-of-function effect which was observed for the Ser75Pro variant. Munc18 was however able to activate vesicle fusion mediated by the Glu78Ala variant. When using mixed v-liposomes (50:50 Wildtype:Ser75Pro mutant) the fusion profile was identical to the profile of homogeneous samples containing only the mutant protein which was suggestive of dominant interference of the mutant with wildtype.

In gnomAD, VAMP2 has a (low) Z-score and pLI of 1.41 and 0.89 respectively.

The authors comment that mutations in other genes encoding presynaptic proteins involved in Ca+2-regulated neurotransmitter release (eg SNAP25, STXBP1, etc) have been identified in other neurological disorders (with ID as a feature).

VAMP2 is not associated with any phenotype in OMIM or G2P. This gene is included in gene panels for ID offered by some diagnostic laboratories.

As a result, VAMP2 can be considered for inclusion in the ID panel probably as green (5 individuals, degree of ID relevant) or amber.
Sources: Literature
Created: 7 Apr 2019, 4:27 p.m.

Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown

Phenotypes
Generalized hypotonia; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autistic behavior; Stereotypic behavior; Seizures; Abnormality of movement; Cortical visual impairment

Publications

30929742

Variants in this GENE are reported as part of current diagnostic practice

Created: 7 Apr 2019, 4:27 p.m.

Panel version: 2.798

Details

Mode of Inheritance

MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown

Sources

Expert Review
Expert Review Green
Expert Review

Phenotypes

Cortical visual impairment
Seizures
Stereotypic behavior
Generalized hypotonia
Intellectual disability
Abnormality of movement
Global developmental delay
Generalized hypotonia, Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Autistic behavior, Stereotypic behavior, Seizures, Abnormality of movement, Cortical visual impairment
Autistic behavior

OMIM

185881

Clinvar variants

Variants in VAMP2

Penetrance

unknown

Publications

30929742

Panels with this gene

History Filter Activity

25 Jul 2019, Gel status: 3

Added New Source, Added New Source, Set Phenotypes, Status Update

Catherine Snow (Genomics England)

Source Expert Review Green was added to VAMP2. Source Expert Review was added to VAMP2. Added phenotypes Generalized hypotonia, Global developmental delay, Intellectual disability, Autistic behavior, Stereotypic behavior, Seizures, Abnormality of movement, Cortical visual impairment for gene: VAMP2 Rating Changed from No List (delete) to Green List (high evidence)

7 Apr 2019, Gel status: 0

Created, Added New Source, Set mode of inheritance, Set publications, Set Phenotypes, Set penetrance

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

gene: VAMP2 was added gene: VAMP2 was added to Intellectual disability. Sources: Literature Mode of inheritance for gene: VAMP2 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: VAMP2 were set to 30929742 Phenotypes for gene: VAMP2 were set to Generalized hypotonia; Global developmental delay; Intellectual disability; Autistic behavior; Stereotypic behavior; Seizures; Abnormality of movement; Cortical visual impairment Penetrance for gene: VAMP2 were set to unknown Review for gene: VAMP2 was set to GREEN gene: VAMP2 was marked as current diagnostic

Intellectual disability Gene: VAMP2