Intellectual disability
Gene: SNAP25

SNAP25 (synaptosome associated protein 25)
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh38): ENSG00000132639
EnsemblGeneIds (GRCh37): ENSG00000132639
OMIM: 600322, Gene2Phenotype
SNAP25 is in 6 panels

2 reviews

Catherine Snow (Genomics England)

Comment on list classification: SNAP25 identified in literature PMID:30914295 as missing in PanelApp compared to other curated gene list for ID genes.
There is also an expert review provided by Konstantinos Varvagiannis, who has summarised recent reported individuals.
SNAP25 is in OMIM but based on just one paper from one individual (PubMed: 25381298).SNAP25 is in Gene2Phenotype as "Disease: Epilepsy and intellectual disability".

There is now sufficient evidence, from a number of unrelated families and individuals reporting ID/DD to classify SNAP25 as Green.
Created: 4 Jun 2019, 10:51 a.m. | Last Modified: 26 Jun 2019, 2:20 p.m.

Panel Version: 0.195

Created: 4 Jun 2019, 10:51 a.m.
Last Modified: 26 Jun 2019, 2:20 p.m.
Panel version: Imported from Intellectual disability update May 2019 panel version 0.136

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

Green List (high evidence)

Probably 9 individuals with heterozygous SNAP25 pathogenic variants have been reported to date, most summarized in the first reference (NM_130811.2 used as reference for all variants below):
- Fukuda et al. (2018 - PMID: 29491473) 2 sibs (~11 and 2.5 y.o) with seizures and cerebellar ataxia but not ID. harboring c.176G>C (p.Arg59Pro) variant which was inherited from a mosaic unaffected parent.
- DDD study (2017 - PMID: 28135719) [also in Heyne et al. 2018 - PMID: 29942082] 3 inividuals (11 m - 7 y of age) with DD and seizures due to c.118A>G (p.Lys40Glu), c.127G>C (p.Gly43Arg) and c.520C>T (p.Gln174*) de novo variants.
- Hamdan et al. (2017 - PMID: 29100083) a 23 y.o. male with epilepsy and ID and c.496G>T (p.Asp166Tyr) de novo variant
- Shen et al. (2014 - PMID: 25381298) a 11 y.o. female with epilepsy and ID and c.200T>A (p.Ile67Asn) de novo variant
- Rohena et al. (2013 - PMID: 25003006) a 15 y.o. female with epilepsy and ID and c.142G>T (p.Val48Phe) de novo variant
- Decipher patient 292139, a male with c.212T>C (p.Met71Thr) with hypotonia, DD, poor coordination and additional features (epilepsy not reported).

Seizures of variable type [absence seizures, generalized tonic-clonic (most), focal clonic, myoclonic, etc] have been reported for most (8/9) of these individuals. DD was a feature in several subjects and intellectual outcome has been specifically commented on for 5 (2 without and 3 with ID - moderate/severe/not further specified).

SNAP25 encodes a (t-)SNARE protein essential for synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Mutations in genes for other components of the SNARE complex (eg. STXBP1) have been associated with epilepsy and/or ID.

SNAP25a and SNAP25b are the 2 major protein isoforms [corresponding transcripts: ENST00000304886 (NM_003081) and ENST00000254976 (NM_130811) respectively]. These isoforms are produced by utilization of alternative exons 5 (5a or 5b) though the amino-acid sequence encoded by these exons appears to be identical except for 9 residues. Most variants reported to date affect both transcripts (and protein isoforms) although 2 were specific for ENST00000254976 (or SNAP25b isoform - Fukuda et al. and Shen et al.).

Mouse Snap25 has also 2 isoforms. Both are predominantly localized in embryonic and adult mouse brains. Snap25a is produced before Snap25b though the latter becomes the major isoform early postnatally (by the second week) [PMIDs cited: 7878010, 21526988].

Based on the phenotype of some individuals with chromosome 20 deletions in Decipher (note: only 3 deletions spanning SNAP25 however appear currently, the phenotype is not specified and 2 of them are >4.5Mb) or the pLI of 0.96 in gnomAD, haploinsufficiency has been proposed as a likely mechanism. A dominant-negative effect was however suggested for the Ile67Asn studied by Shen et al. Functional studies have not been performed for other variants.

Animal models discussed:
- Snap25 null drosophila show complete loss of synaptic transmission upon electroretinogram recordings (PMID cited: 12242238).
- In mice, elimination of Snap25b expression resulted in developmental defects, seizures and impaired short-term synaptic plasticity (PMID cited: 19043548).
- Mice with a 4.6 Mb deletion encompassing 12 genes (incl. Snap25) display seizure predisposition (PMID cited: 23064108).
- Heterozygosity for Ile67Thr in (blind-drunk mutant) mice results in impaired vesicle trafficking, impaired sensorimotor gating and ataxia (PMID cited:17283335).

In OMIM, heterozygous SNAP25 mutations are associated with ?Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 18 (with intellectual disability and ataxia). SNAP25 is part of the DD panel, associated with "Epilepsy and intellectual disability" (disease confidence: probable).

This gene is included in gene panels for ID offered by some diagnostic laboratories (incl. Radboudumc). SNAP25 is among the genes discussed by Erger et al. (PMID: 30914295) as associated with ID in OMIM/HPO/G2P/SysID but not included in the current panel.

As a result SNAP25 can be considered for inclusion in the ID panel probably as green (3 individuals with ID, role of SNARES in "synaptopathies", supportive animal models) or amber (if functional studies for individual variants would be required).
Sources: Literature, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
Created: 20 Apr 2019, 10:02 a.m.

Mode of inheritance
MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown

Phenotypes
?Myasthenic syndrome, congenital 18, 616330

Publications

Variants in this GENE are reported as part of current diagnostic practice

Created: 20 Apr 2019, 10:02 a.m.

Panel version: 2.800

Details

Mode of Inheritance

MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown

Sources

Expert Review Green
Expert Review Green
Literature

Phenotypes

?Myasthenic syndrome, congenital 18, 616330
?Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 18, 616330

OMIM

600322

Clinvar variants

Variants in SNAP25

Penetrance

Complete

Publications

Panels with this gene

History Filter Activity

25 Jul 2019, Gel status: 3

Added New Source, Set Phenotypes, Set publications, Status Update

Catherine Snow (Genomics England)

Source Expert Review Green was added to SNAP25. Added phenotypes ?Myasthenic syndrome, congenital, 18, 616330 for gene: SNAP25 Publications for gene SNAP25 were changed from 29491473; 28135719; 29100083; 25381298; 25003006 to 29100083; 28135719; 25003006; 29491473; 25381298; 30914295 Rating Changed from No List (delete) to Green List (high evidence)

20 Apr 2019, Gel status: 0

Created, Added New Source, Set mode of inheritance, Set publications, Set Phenotypes, Set penetrance

Konstantinos Varvagiannis (Other)

gene: SNAP25 was added gene: SNAP25 was added to Intellectual disability. Sources: Literature,Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen Mode of inheritance for gene: SNAP25 was set to MONOALLELIC, autosomal or pseudoautosomal, imprinted status unknown Publications for gene: SNAP25 were set to 29491473; 28135719; 29100083; 25381298; 25003006 Phenotypes for gene: SNAP25 were set to ?Myasthenic syndrome, congenital 18, 616330 Penetrance for gene: SNAP25 were set to Complete Review for gene: SNAP25 was set to GREEN gene: SNAP25 was marked as current diagnostic

Intellectual disability Gene: SNAP25