COVID-19 research

Gene: FOLR1

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Publications

• 11461707
• preprint: https://doi.org/10.1101/618306

Evidence Summary from Illumina curation team (Alison Coffey and Julie Taylor): The FOLR1 gene encodes the folate receptor alpha (FR alpha), a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-linked (GPI-linked) protein that binds folic acid for transport into the cytoplasm. Chan et al. (2001) used genetic complementation to identify FR-alpha as a cofactor for cellular entry of pseudo Marburg (MBG) virus and EBO-Z pseudotype into otherwise non permissive cells. Further experiments showed FR alpha specifically binds glycoproteins of these viruses to mediate syncytia (Chan et al. 2001).

PMID 11461707; Chan et al. (2001) - A complementation screen identified FR alpha as a cofactor for cellular entry of pseudo Marburg (MBG) virus into otherwise non permissive Jurkat-EctR cells (fig 1). FACs analysis showed FR alpha was present on the cell surface of other cell lines permissive for MBG infectivity (Hela cells, Vero E6, human and dog osteosarcoma cells (fig 2). FR alpha specific antagonists inhibited MBG entry (Fig 4) phospholipase C (PLC) cleaves the FR alpha receptor, cells pretreated with PLC showed decreased infectivity. When 293T cells overexpressing MBF GP were co-cultured with cells overexpressing FR alpha syncytia formation was observed, indicating that this type of membrane fusion is also mediated by FRalpha (fig 5). A similar set of experiments showed that FR alpha is also a cofactor for cellular entry of EBO-Z pseudo viruses.

Yang et al. (2019) preprint: https://doi.org/10.1101/618306 - Poliovirus (PV), a prototype for human pathogenic positive-sense RNA enteroviruses, transport multiple virions en bloc via infectious extracellular vesicles secreted from host cells. Yang et al. show that in these microvesicles less than 10% of proteins are viral. 168 host cell proteins were identified in the MVs including involved in both caveolar-mediated and mediated endocytic virus entry pathways genes (ITGB1, B2M, FYN, CD55 {DAF}, HLA-A, FLNA, ACTB, RAC1, TFRC {CD71}, FOLR1).

Created: 28 May 2020, 3:18 p.m. | Last Modified: 28 May 2020, 3:18 p.m.

Panel Version: 0.348

Identified through an OMIM search for potential viral susceptibility genes, and subsequently triaged/reviewed by Illumina curation team.

Created: 28 May 2020, 12:36 p.m. | Last Modified: 28 May 2020, 12:36 p.m.

Panel Version: 0.336